有机磷化合物诱导的迟发性神经毒性的研究

很多有机磷化合物了易使人和动物产生急性事毒性,还能引发一种迟发性毒性,即“有机磷化合物诱导的迟发性多发性神经病”。本文综述了有关ＯＰＩＤＰ的症状学,病理学和生物化学的研究及其进展。     

金鱼草AmPDS基因克隆及调节类胡萝卜素合成功能分析

八氢番茄红素脱氢酶(phytoene desaturase,PDS)是类胡萝卜素进行生物合成途径中的关键酶。为了深入探究金鱼草PDS基因的功能,该研究以‘马里兰’金鱼草(Antirrhinum majus‘Maryland True Pink’)为材料,对其PDS基因(AmPDS)全长序列及蛋白结构进行分析,并克隆了AmPDS基因片段;采用qRT-PCR技术检测AmPDS基因在不同时期及部位的相对表达水平,利用VIGS技术验证AmPDS基因功能,用紫外分光法测定叶片中各类色素含量。结果显示:(1)成功克隆AmPDS基因片段(500 bp);AmPDS基因cDNA全长1743 bp,编码580个氨基酸;其蛋白分子量为64.75 kD,理论等电点6.66;同源比对分析显示AmPDS基因与芝麻(Sesamum indicum)的序列相似性最高。(2)qRT-PCR分析表明,AmPDS基因在全株均有表达,且在全盛期花朵的上瓣和叶片中表达量最高。(3)构建pTRV2-AmPDS载体,建立了金鱼草的VIGS沉默体系,AmPDS基因沉默效率约为53%,与阴性对照相比叶片中各类色素含量均显著降低。研究认为,AmPDS基因是金鱼草类胡萝卜素生物合成途径中的关键基因,可作为金鱼草VIGS沉默体系的指示基因,为后续研究金鱼草其他基因功能奠定基础。     

Optimization of enzymatic synthesis of L-ascorbyl palmitate by solvent engineering and statistical experimental designs

Statistical experimental designs combined with solvent engineering for optimization of enzymatic synthesis of L-ascorbyl palmitate were developed. First, the composition of the solvent for co-dissolving polar and apolar substrates was determined. The co-solvent mixture of tert-pentanol: DMSO at a ratio of 9:1 (v/v) and the optimal biocatalyst were obtained. Then, the Plackett-Burman design was implemented to screen the variables that significantly influence the conversion. The method of steepest ascent was used to approach the proximity of optimum. After determining the Plackett-Burman and steepest ascent designs, the optimum values were determined by central composite design under response surface methodology. The statistical analysis showed that the optimum reaction conditions (temperature 50°C, enzyme concentration 5.8 g/L, and substrate molar ratio 11:1, stirring rate 160 rpm, amount of molecular sieve 50 g/L, time 18 h) led to the maximum conversion (66.44%) and production concentration (20.63 g/L). A very satisfactory conversion (64.74%) and production concentration (20.13 g/L) could be achieved in short time (6 h).     

金属烤瓷全冠修复老年人活髓隐裂牙适应证及临床疗效

目的：探讨老年人活髓隐裂牙应用金属烤瓷全冠修复临床效果及适应症。方法：选取本院2006年1月至2011年1月期间收治的356例老年活髓隐裂牙合计621颗为研究对象,根据患牙疼痛程度随机将患者分为咬合疼痛组（A组）104例合计215颗患牙,咬合伴过敏性冷热刺激痛组（B组）122例合计232颗患牙,咬合伴延续性冷热刺激疼痛组（C组）130例合计174颗患牙,所有患者均接受金属烤瓷全冠修复,观察患者在治疗后1个月、6个月、12个月、18个月、24个月治愈情况以及牙髓及根尖周病变及牙髓发生情况。结果：与C组相比,A组、B组术后1个月、6个月、12个月、18个月、24个月治愈率以及总有效率较高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：金属烤瓷全冠修复适合于轻微咬合疼痛以及咬合伴过敏性冷热刺激痛的患者,而对于咬舍伴延续性冷热刺激疼痛的患者则宜先行根管治疗术再进行全冠修复。     

怀来盆地西沟湾1号旧石器地点试掘简报

西沟湾1号旧石器地点位于河北省张家口市怀来县官厅镇珠窝园村,埋藏于永定河右岸第二级阶地后缘。2015年8-9月对该地点进行试掘,揭露面积约27m2,出土232件石制品和19件动物化石。石制品原料以粗面岩为主,应为就地取材;类型包括石核、石片、断块等,标本大小总体以小型为主;石核剥片均采用硬锤锤击法。石制品的类型和技术特征显示其总体属于石片石器技术体系。结合遗物和堆积状况,推测西沟湾1号地点为一处原地埋藏类型的临时性石制品剥片场所。依碳十四年代测定,初步推断该地点的时代为旧石器时代晚期。     

应用因子分析法研究茎瘤芥(榨菜)性状间的关系

应用因子分析法可把23份茎瘤芥品种资源的15个数量性状集约在5个主因子上,采用正交因子和斜交因子模型分析了性状间的遗传作用关系,并探讨了各因子间的关系及其生物学意义。     

The ultrastructure of anionic sites in rat articular cartilage as revealed by different preparation methods and polyethyleneimine staining

The ultrastructure of anionic sites in the middle layer of rat articular cartilages was studied by two methods, the quick-freezing and deep-etching method, and the quick-freezing and freeze-substitution method. The anionic sites were visualized with a cationic tracer, polyethyleneimine. They were also compared with those revealed in tissues subjected to conventional fixation, such as pre-embedding or post-embedding. With the deep-etching method, three-dimensional meshwork structures were observed more clearly in the extracellular matrix compared with those seen in conventional ultrathin sections. In combination with polyethyleneimine staining, in which no chemical contrast was needed for visualization of anionic sites, numerous stained particles were detected around filaments in the extracellular matrix, indicating that they were anionic sites consisting mainly of proteoglycans. With the pre-embedding method and polyethyleneimine staining, the shapes of aggregated stained particles varied with different preparation procedures, including chemical fixation and contrasting. The fine meshworks were also observed with the post-embedding method and polyethyleneimine staining. It is suggested that such images of anionic sites, as revealed by the deep-etching method and the post-embedding polyethyleneimine-staining method with low-temperature dehydration, are probably closer to native states than those revealed by the conventional pre-embedding polyethyleneimine-staining method. © 1998 Chapman & Hall