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The Crabtree effect (inhibition of respiration by glycolysis) is observed in cells with approximately equal glycolytic and respiratory capacities for ATP synthesis. Addition of glucose to aerobic suspensions of glucose-starved cells (Sarcoma 180 ascites tumor cells) causes a burst of respiration and lactate production due to ATP utilization for glucose phosphorylation by hexokinase and phosphofructokinase. This burst of activity is followed by inhibition of both respiration and glycolysis, the former to below the value before glucose addition (Crabtree effect). Both the respiratory rate and the glycolytic flux appear to be regulated by the cytosolic albeit by completely different mechanisms. Respiration is regulated by the free energy of hydrolysis of ATP, such that the rate increases as the decreases and decreases as the increases. The regulatory enzymes of glycolysis are activated by ADP (AMP) and Pi and inhibited by ATP. Thus both respiration and glycolysis increase or decrease as the decreases or increases. The parallel regulation of both ATP-producing pathways by this common metabolite ratio is consistent with the cytoplasmic being an important determinant of homeostatic regulation of cellular energy metabolism. 相似文献
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Reavis Zackery W. Mirjankar Nikhil Sarangi Srikant Boyle Stephen H. Kuhn Cynthia M. Matson Wayne R. Babyak Michael A. Matson Samantha A. Siegler Ilene C. Kaddurah‑Daouk Rima Suarez Edward C. Williams Redford B. Grichnik Katherine Stafford‑Smith Mark Georgiades Anastasia 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2021,17(6):1-13
Metabolomics - Metabolomics applications to the aquaculture research are increasing steadily. The use of standardized proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy can provide the... 相似文献
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Klepeis VE Weinger I Kaczmarek E Trinkaus-Randall V 《Journal of cellular biochemistry》2004,93(6):1115-1133
Cellular injury induces a complex series of events that involves Ca2+ signaling, cell communication, and migration. One of the first responses following mechanical injury is the propagation of a Ca2+ wave (Klepeis et al. [2001] J Cell Sci 114(Pt 23):4185-4195). The wave is generated by the extracellular release of ATP, which also induces phosphorylation of ERK (Yang et al. [2004] J Cell Biochem 91(5):938-950). ATP and other nucleotides, which bind to and activate specific purinergic receptors were used to mimic injury. Our goal was to determine which of the P2Y purinergic receptors are expressed and stimulated in corneal epithelial cells and which signaling pathways are activated leading to changes in cell migration, an event critical for wound closure. In this study, we demonstrated that the P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y6, and P2Y11 receptors were present in corneal epithelial cells. A potency profile was determined by Ca2+ imaging for nucleotide agonists as follows: ATP > or = UTP > ADP > or = UDP. In contrast, negligible responses were seen for beta,gamma-meATP, a general P2X receptor agonist and adenosine, a P1 receptor agonist. Homologous desensitization of the Ca2+ response was observed for the four nucleotides. However, P2Y receptor internalization and degradation was not detected following stimulation with ATP, which is in contrast to EGFR internalization observed in response to EGF. ATP induced cell migration was comparable to that of EGF and was maximal at 1 microM. Cells exposed to ATP, UTP, ADP, and UDP demonstrated a rapid twofold increase in phosphorylation of paxillin at Y31 and Y118, however, there was no activation elicited by beta,gamma-meATP or adenosine. Additional studies demonstrated that wound closure was inhibited by reactive blue 2. These results indicate that P2Y receptors play a critical role in the injury repair process. 相似文献
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Yilmaz P Kottmann R Field D Knight R Cole JR Amaral-Zettler L Gilbert JA Karsch-Mizrachi I Johnston A Cochrane G Vaughan R Hunter C Park J Morrison N Rocca-Serra P Sterk P Arumugam M Bailey M Baumgartner L Birren BW Blaser MJ Bonazzi V Booth T Bork P Bushman FD Buttigieg PL Chain PS Charlson E Costello EK Huot-Creasy H Dawyndt P DeSantis T Fierer N Fuhrman JA Gallery RE Gevers D Gibbs RA San Gil I Gonzalez A Gordon JI Guralnick R Hankeln W Highlander S Hugenholtz P Jansson J Kau AL Kelley ST 《Nature biotechnology》2011,29(5):415-420
Here we present a standard developed by the Genomic Standards Consortium (GSC) for reporting marker gene sequences--the minimum information about a marker gene sequence (MIMARKS). We also introduce a system for describing the environment from which a biological sample originates. The 'environmental packages' apply to any genome sequence of known origin and can be used in combination with MIMARKS and other GSC checklists. Finally, to establish a unified standard for describing sequence data and to provide a single point of entry for the scientific community to access and learn about GSC checklists, we present the minimum information about any (x) sequence (MIxS). Adoption of MIxS will enhance our ability to analyze natural genetic diversity documented by massive DNA sequencing efforts from myriad ecosystems in our ever-changing biosphere. 相似文献
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Field D Garrity GM Sansone SA Sterk P Gray T Kyrpides N Hirschman L Glöckner FO Kottmann R Angiuoli S White O Dawyndt P Thomson N Gil IS Morrison N Tatusova T Mizrachi I Vaughan R Cochrane G Kagan L Murphy S Schriml L;Genomic Standards Consortium 《Omics : a journal of integrative biology》2008,12(2):109-113
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Dawn Field Peter Sterk Renzo Kottmann J. Wim De Smet Linda Amaral-Zettler Guy Cochrane James R. Cole Neil Davies Peter Dawyndt George M. Garrity Jack A. Gilbert Frank Oliver Gl?ckner Lynette Hirschman Hans-Peter Klenk Rob Knight Nikos Kyrpides Folker Meyer Ilene Karsch-Mizrachi Norman Morrison Robert Robbins Inigo San Gil Susanna Sansone Lynn Schriml Tatiana Tatusova Dave Ussery Pelin Yilmaz Owen White John Wooley Gregory Caporaso 《Standards in genomic sciences》2014,9(3):599-601
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Foraging environment determines the genetic architecture and evolutionary potential of trophic morphology in cichlid fishes
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Kevin J. Parsons Moira Concannon Dina Navon Jason Wang Ilene Ea Kiran Groveas Calum Campbell R. Craig Albertson 《Molecular ecology》2016,25(24):6012-6023
Phenotypic plasticity allows organisms to change their phenotype in response to shifts in the environment. While a central topic in current discussions of evolutionary potential, a comprehensive understanding of the genetic underpinnings of plasticity is lacking in systems undergoing adaptive diversification. Here, we investigate the genetic basis of phenotypic plasticity in a textbook adaptive radiation, Lake Malawi cichlid fishes. Specifically, we crossed two divergent species to generate an F3 hybrid mapping population. At early juvenile stages, hybrid families were split and reared in alternate foraging environments that mimicked benthic/scraping or limnetic/sucking modes of feeding. These alternate treatments produced a variation in morphology that was broadly similar to the major axis of divergence among Malawi cichlids, providing support for the flexible stem theory of adaptive radiation. Next, we found that the genetic architecture of several morphological traits was highly sensitive to the environment. In particular, of 22 significant quantitative trait loci (QTL), only one was shared between the environments. In addition, we identified QTL acting across environments with alternate alleles being differentially sensitive to the environment. Thus, our data suggest that while plasticity is largely determined by loci specific to a given environment, it may also be influenced by loci operating across environments. Finally, our mapping data provide evidence for the evolution of plasticity via genetic assimilation at an important regulatory locus, ptch1. In all, our data address long‐standing discussions about the genetic basis and evolution of plasticity. They also underscore the importance of the environment in affecting developmental outcomes, genetic architectures, morphological diversity and evolutionary potential. 相似文献