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1.
QTL mapping and phenotypic variation for root architectural traits in maize (Zea mays L.) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Amy L. Burton James M. Johnson Jillian M. Foerster Candice N. Hirsch C. R. Buell Meredith T. Hanlon Shawn M. Kaeppler Kathleen M. Brown Jonathan P. Lynch 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2014,127(11):2293-2311
Key message
QTL were identified for root architectural traits in maize.Abstract
Root architectural traits, including the number, length, orientation, and branching of the principal root classes, influence plant function by determining the spatial and temporal domains of soil exploration. To characterize phenotypic patterns and their genetic control, three recombinant inbred populations of maize were grown for 28 days in solid media in a greenhouse and evaluated for 21 root architectural traits, including length, number, diameter, and branching of seminal, primary and nodal roots, dry weight of embryonic and nodal systems, and diameter of the nodal root system. Significant phenotypic variation was observed for all traits. Strong correlations were observed among traits in the same root class, particularly for the length of the main root axis and the length of lateral roots. In a principal component analysis, relationships among traits differed slightly for the three families, though vectors grouped together for traits within a given root class, indicating opportunities for more efficient phenotyping. Allometric analysis showed that trajectories of growth for specific traits differ in the three populations. In total, 15 quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified. QTL are reported for length in multiple root classes, diameter and number of seminal roots, and dry weight of the embryonic and nodal root systems. Phenotypic variation explained by individual QTL ranged from 0.44 % (number of seminal roots, NyH population) to 13.5 % (shoot dry weight, OhW population). Identification of QTL for root architectural traits may be useful for developing genotypes that are better suited to specific soil environments. 相似文献2.
Zhu S Kaeppler HF 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2003,107(1):26-35
Genetic research and breeding of oat ( Avena sativa L.) would be aided by development of a genetic linkage map for a breeding population. Such a map could be used for localization of qualitative and quantitative trait loci, marker-assisted selection and other genetic analysis in an adapted, agronomically useful background. The objectives of this research were to develop a genetic linkage map of hexaploid cultivated oat, to identify homoeologous relationships of linkage groups, and to compare homologous linkage groups between this map and the previously published hexaploid oat map from the cross 'Kanota/Ogle' (KO). A total of 510 markers, including 172 restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP), 324 amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) and 14 simple sequence repeats (SSR), were assessed on a recombinant inbred population of 152 F(5:6) lines derived from the cross, 'Ogle/MAM17-5' (OM). Twenty eight linkage groups of 5 cM or longer were formed using 476 of the markers, while 34 markers remained either unlinked or in small fragments less than 5 cM. The 28 linkage groups contained from 3 to 33 markers, and varied in size from 5.2 to 123.0 cM, representing a total map length of 1,396.7 cM. Three putative homoeologous groups (OM7, OM8 and OM18; OM2 and OM23; OM13 and OM16) were identified. Comparison with the published KO map indicated that nine OM linkage groups could be determined to be homologous to linkage groups in the KO map. Further comparison of the homologous linkage groups revealed that residual differences in genomic rearrangements existed between the two hexaploid oat populations. Some linkage groups were significantly extended compared with the KO map. Since the OM mapping population is segregating for a number of agronomically important traits, this genetic map will provide a useful tool for identification of qualitative and quantitative loci for these traits. 相似文献
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Routine utilization of green fluorescent protein as a visual selectable marker for cereal transformation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Heidi F. Kaeppler A. R. Carlson G. K. Menon 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2001,37(2):120-126
Summary Development of new selectable markers is needed to increase the efficiency and flexibility of plant transformation, and to
overcome drawbacks sometimes associated with use of existing markers. A useful alternative to chemical-based selection systems
would be a system using visual screening to obtain transgenic lines. Investigations were carried out to determine if the green
fluorescent protein (gfp) gene could be utilized alone as a visual screenable marker to produce stably transformed, fertile oat plants. Twelve experiments
were conducted in which gfp-based selection was utilized to obtain routinely stable transgenic lines in oat. A synthetic gfp gene under the control of the maize ubiquitin promoter was delivered into embryogenic oat callus via microprojectile bombardment. Cell clusters (1–3 mm) expressing gfp were visually identified using epifluorescence microscopy and physically isolated approximately 3 wk post-bombardment. Fertile,
gfp-expressing T0 plants were regenerated from 78% of the glowing cell sectors placed on regeneration medium. T0 plants from
55% of the events produced gfp-expressing progeny in a 3∶1 Mendelian ratio. Southern blot and PCR analysis confirmed transgene integration and transmission
to progeny. Expression of gfp did not reduce plant growth or fertility. Transgene copy number and integration patterns were similar to those in transgenic
plants derived from chemical-based selection systems. The mean transformation frequency, based on fertile events obtained
per bombarded plate, was 1.8%. Over 180 independent transgenic oat lines were produced, to date, using only visual screening
for expression of gfp, demonstrating efficiency and repeatability of the selection system.
Mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the University of Wisconsin or
the US Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. 相似文献
7.
S. M. Kaeppler 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1997,95(3):384-392
The power to detect QTL using near-isogenic line (NIL) comparisons versus recombinant inbred (RI) populations was assessed.
The power to detect QTL was found to be generally greater when using RI populations than when using NIL contrasts. Power to
detect QTL with NIL contrasts never exceeded that of RI populations when the number of RI lines is maximized relative to replication
of lines for a given number of experimental units. The relative power of NIL contrasts is highest for traits with high heritability
and when a gain in precision is realized due to increased replication of entries. Although NIL populations are generally less
powerful than RI populations of similar size, some practical considerations may enhance the value of these materials. Availability
of NILs allows the genetic effect of a specific chromosome region to be determined by comparing two lines; all RI lines in
a population need to be rescored for each new trait even if the effect of a specific chromosome region is suspected. NIL comparisons
may allow genetic differences to be detected by visual inspection; genetic effects can only be expressed as means and variances
with recombinant inbred populations. In summary, RI populations generally, and in some cases, substantially, provide better
power for QTL detection than NIL comparisons. Practical considerations, however, indicate that many factors need to be considered
when choosing a population structure to meet an experimental objective.
Received: 12 December 1996 / Accepted: 21 March 1997 相似文献
8.
Adrienne L. Kaeppler 《Ethnos》2013,78(1-4):102-128
9.
Mitchell L. Wise Hassan K. Sreenath Ronald W. Skadsen Heidi F. Kaeppler 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2009,97(1):81-90
Oats produce a group of secondary metabolites termed avenanthramides (avn). These compounds are biosynthesized through the
action of the enzyme hydroxycinnamoyl CoA: hydroxyanthranilate N-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HHT) which catalyzes the condensation of one of several cinnamate CoA thioesters with the amine
functionality of anthranilic acid, 4-hydroxy- or 5-hydroxy-anthranilic acid. In oat leaf tissue the biosynthesis of avenanthramides
appears to result from elicitation by fungal infection. Here we demonstrate the biosynthesis of several avenanthramides in
suspension cultures of oat apical meristem callus tissue. This phenomenon appears as a generalized pathogen response, evidenced
by the production of PR-1 mRNA, in response to elicitation with chitin (poly-N-acetyl glucosamine). The suspension cultures also produce relatively large quantities of avnA and G in response to chitin
elicitation. Under certain culture conditions avnB and C are also produced as well as three additional metabolites tentatively
identified as avnH, O and R. These findings portend the utility of oat suspension culture as a tool for more detailed investigation
of the mechanisms triggering their biosynthesis as well as the factors dictating the particular types of avenanthramides biosynthesized. 相似文献
10.
Shovelomics: high throughput phenotyping of maize (Zea mays L.) root architecture in the field 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Samuel Trachsel Shawn M. Kaeppler Kathleen M. Brown Jonathan P. Lynch 《Plant and Soil》2011,341(1-2):75-87
We present a method to visually score 10 root architectural traits of the root crown of an adult maize plant in the field in a few minutes. Phenotypic profiling of three recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations of maize (Zea mays L.; B73xMo17, Oh43xW64a, Ny821xH99) was conducted in 2008 in a silt loam soil in Pennsylvania and in a sandy soil in Wisconsin, and again in 2009 in Pennsylvania. Numbers, angles and branching pattern of crown and brace roots were assessed visually at flowering. Depending on the soil type in which plants were grown, sample processing took from three (sand) to 8 min (silt-loam). Visual measurement of the root crown required 2 min per sample irrespective of the environment. Visual scoring of root crowns gave a reliable estimation of values for root architectural traits as indicated by high correlations between measured and visually scored trait values for numbers (r 2?=?0.46?C0.97), angles (r 2?=?0.66?C0.76), and branching (r 2?=?0.54?C0.88) of brace and crown roots. Based on the visual evaluation of root crown traits it was possible to discriminate between populations. RILs derived from the cross NY821 x H99 generally had the greatest number of roots, the highest branching density and the most shallow root angles, while inbred lines from the cross between OH43 x W64a generally had the steepest root angles. The ranking of genotypes remained the same across environments, emphasizing the suitability of the method to evaluate genotypes across environments. Scoring of brace roots was better correlated with the actual measurements compared to crown roots. The visual evaluation of root architecture will be a valuable tool in tailoring crop root systems to specific environments. 相似文献