Identification of Tumor Antigens in the HLA Peptidome of Patient-derived Xenograft Tumors in Mouse

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Highlights

• •Sufficient tumor tissues are often unavailable large HLA peptidome discovery.
• •Using patient derived xenograft (PDX) tumors can overcome this limitation.
• •The large PDX HLA peptidomes expand significantly those of the original biopsies.
• •The HLA peptidomes of the PDX tumors included many tumor antigens.

     

The role of encapsulation in the pathogenesis of anaerobic gram-positive cocci

The pathogenicity of 22 anaerobic and facultative Gram-positive cocci (AFGPC) was investigated by inoculating them into mice and determining their ability to cause subcutaneous abscesses. Only 11 heavily encapsulated isolates (greater than 50% of the cells were encapsulated) induced abscesses. However, when the other 11 isolates were injected with Bacteroides sp. or facultative and aerobic bacteria, abscesses were formed in 8 of the 11 combinations. The AFGPC recovered from the mixed infections contained many encapsulated cells. Encapsulation also occurred in cocci injected with capsular material or with Formalin-killed cells of Klebsiella pneumoniae or capsule-positive Bacteroides sp. After acquisition of capsules, these strains could induce abscesses on reinoculation in mice.     

Regional localisations and linkage relationships of seven RFLPs and myotonic dystrophy on chromosome 19

Summary We have studied the genetic linkage relationships of seven DNA polymorphisms on chromosome 19, with each other and with the myotonic dystrophy locus. The DNA sequences were localised to various regions of the chromosome using translocations in somatic cell hybrids. These results provide the basis for a linkage map of most of chromosome 19, and suggest that the myotonic dystrophy locus is close to the centromere.     

CONCOMITANT SYNTHESIS OF MEMBRANE PROTEIN AND EXPORTABLE PROTEIN OF THE SECRETORY GRANULE IN RAT PAROTID GLAND

After enzyme secretion the membrane of the secretory granule, which had been fused to the cell membrane, was resorbed into the cell. Experiments were therefore carried out to test whether formation of new secretory granules involves reutilization of the resorbed membrane or synthesis of a new membrane, de novo, from amino acids. Incorporation of amino acids-¹⁴C into proteins of various cell fractions was measured in vivo, 30, 120, and. 300 min after labeling. At all times the specific radioactivity of the secretory granule membrane was about equal to that of the granule's exportable content. At 120 and 300 min the specific radioactivity of the granule membrane and of the granule content was much higher than that of any other subcellular fraction. It is therefore concluded that the protein of the membrane is synthesized de novo concomitantly with the exportable protein. The proteins of the granule membrane could be distinguished from those of the granule content by gel electrophoresis. All major bands were labeled proportionately to their staining intensity. The amino acid composition of the secretory granule membrane was markedly different from that of the granule's content and also from that of the mitochondrial membrane. The granule membrane showed a high proline content, 30 moles/100 moles amino acids. The analyses show that the radioactivity of the granule membrane is indeed inherent in its proteins and is not due to contamination by other fractions. The possibility is considered that the exportable protein leaves the endoplasmic reticulum already enveloped by the newly synthesized membrane.     

Further observations on the effect of air ions on influenza in the mouse

In earlier papers we reported that the course of respiratory infections in mice produced by intranasal instillation of measured amounts of: (1) a fungus, COCCIDIOIDES IMMITIS, (2) a bacterium, KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE and (3) a virus, PR8 strain of influenza virus was materially affected by the air ion environment. When the challenge dose of influenza virus was administered as an aerosol, as described here, the cumulative mortality rate was completely uninfluenced by shifts in the concentration of positive and negative air ions in the ambient atmosphere and by the accompanying electrical fields. A hypothetical mechanism accounting for the different results obtained with intranasal and aerosol challenge is presented.

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Zusammenfassung In früheren Arbeiten wurde über den Verlauf von Infektionen der Atemwege von Mäusen nach intranasaler Instillation bekannter Mengen (1) des Fungus COCCIDIOIDES IMMITIS, (2) KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE und (3) PR8 Influenzavirus berichtet, die durch Luftionen beeinflusst waren. Hier wurde die Dosis von Influenzavirus als Aerosol verabreicht. Die kumulative Mortalitätsrate wurde durch den Wechsel der Konzentrationen von positiven und negativen Luftionen in der Umgebungsatmosphäre und begleitenden elektrischen Feldern nicht beeinflusst. Eine Erklärung für die unterschiedlichen Ergebnisse bei intranasaler und Aerosol-Virusapplikation wird diskutiert.

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Resume Dans des travaux précédents, on a montré que l'évolution de maladies du système respiratoire provoquées chez des souris par l'instillation intranasale de doses déterminées d'agents pathogènes était affectée de façon significative par le taux d'ionisation de l'air ambiant. Il s'agissait d'agents cryptogamiques (COCCIDIOIDES IMMITIS), bactériens (KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE) et de virus (lignée PR8 du virus de la grippe). Lorsque la dose minimum de virus grippal est appliquée sous forme d'aérosole — selon la méthode décrite ici — le taux cumulatif de mortalité n'est aucunement influencé par les variations de concentration d'ions positifs ou négatifs de l'air ambiant ni par les champs électriques qui les accompagnent. On développe une hypothèse pour expliquer la diversité des résultats obtenus au moyen des infectations intranasales ou par aérosoles.