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1.
Lilian Boccardo Carlos Henrigue Silva Penteado 《Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment》2013,48(2):165-169
The neotropical millipede, Gymnostreptus olivaceus, lives at ambient temperatures of about 20ºC. Its thermal tolerance was tested after acclimation to lower and higher temperatures as occurs under winter and summer conditions in the south and southeast regions of Brazil. An increase in tolerance to low temperatures was found in adapted specimens. The ecological aspects of this capability are discussed. 相似文献
2.
A. Kotyk J. Horák A. Knotková 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression》1982,698(3):243-251
Addition of a metabolizable substrate (glucose, ethanol and, to a degree, trehalose) to non-growing baker's yeast cells causes a boost of protein synthesis, reaching maximum rate 20 min after addition of glucose and 40–50 min after ethanol or trehalose addition. The synthesis involves that of transport proteins for various solutes which appear in the following sequence: H+, l-proline, sulfate, l-leucine, phosphate, α-methyl-d-glucoside, 2-aminoisobutyrate. With the exception of the phosphate transport system, the Kt of the synthesized systems is the same as before stimulation. Glucose is usually the best stimulant, but ethanol matches it in the case of sulfate and exceeds it in the case of proline. This may be connected with ethanol's stimulating the synthesis of transport proteins both in mitochondria and in the cytosol while glucose acts on cytosolic synthesis alone. The stimulation is often repressed by ammonium ions (leucine, proline, sulfate, H+), by antimycin (proline, trehalose, sulfate, H+), by iodoacetamide (all systems tested), and by anaerobic preincubation (leucine, proline, trehalose, sulfate). It is practically absent in a respiration-deficient petite mutant, only little depressed in the op1 mutant lacking ADP/ATP exchange in mitochondria, but totally suppressed (with the exception of transport of phosphate) in a low-phosphorus strain. The addition of glucose causes a drop in intracellular inorganic monophosphate by 30%, diphosphate by 45%, ATP by 70%, in total amino acids by nearly 50%, in transmembrane potential (absolute value) by about 50%, an increase of high-molecular-weight polyphosphate by 65%, of total cAMP by more than 100%, in the endogenous respiration rate by more than 100%, and a change of intracellular pH from 6.80 to 7.05. Ethanol caused practically no change in ATP, total amino acids, endogenous respiration, intracellular pH or transmembrane potential; a slight decrease in inorganic monophosphate and diphosphate and a sizeable increase in high-molecular-weight polyphosphate. The synthesis of the various transport proteins thus appears to draw its energy from different sources and with different susceptibility to inhibitors. It is much more stimulated in facultatively aerobic species (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Endomyces magnusii) than in strictly aerobic ones (Rhodotorula glutinis, Candida parapsilosis) where an inhibition of transport activity is often observed after preincubation with metabolizable substrates. 相似文献
3.
4.
Pelagic rotifers of Lake Glubokoe from 1897 to 1984 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Lilian K. Matveeva 《Hydrobiologia》1986,141(1-2):45-54
After alteration in the pattern of drainage of run-off from the surrounding swamps and changes in the colour and transparency
of the Lake Glubokoe water, the previously epilimnial Trichocerca similis, Conochilus unicornis and Keratella cochlearis showed a shift of their maximum numbers to deeper layers. Pompholyx sp. and Trichocerca capucina, which are regarded as indicators of eutrophic waters, have disappeared from the pelagic zone of the lake and Conochilus hippocrepis, Synchaeta pectinata, Gastropus stylifer, Asplanchna herricki, Ascomorpha ecaudis, Ascomorpha saltans,
Euchlanis dilatata and Trichocerca porcellus have made their appearance. Most of the new species are considered to be indicators of oligotrophic conditions. However the
total density of pelagic rotifers remained at the same level. Apparently the establishment of the new species of rotifers
was possible due to some ‘rarefaction’ of the epilimnion, the disappearance of predaceous Mesocyclops leuckarti and the invasion of the pelagic zone by Peridinium cinctum. 相似文献
5.
Richard L. Jackson Lilian Socorro Geralyn M. Fletcher Alan D. Cardin 《FEBS letters》1985,190(2):297-300
Heparin was fractionated on an affinity column of bovine milk lipoprotein lipase (LpL) immobilized to Affi-Gel-15. The bound heparin, designated high-reactive heparin (HRH), enhanced LpL activity, presumably by stabilizing the enzyme against denaturation. The unbound heparin fraction had no observable effect on the initial rate of enzyme activity. However, at longer times of incubation there was inhibition of LpL activity. LpL-specific HRH also showed a high, Ca2+-dependent precipitating activity towards human plasma low density lipoproteins (LDL). Since LpL and LDL both bind to heparin-like molecules at the surface of the arterial wall, we suggest that their similar heparin-binding specificity may have physiological consequences as it relates to the development of atherosclerosis.
Heparin binding Lipoprotein lipase LDL Apolipoprotein Lipolysis 相似文献
6.
Abstract: Thioperamide (2 mg/kg, i.p.), a histamine H3 -receptor antagonist, increased the number of somatostatin (SS) receptors, with no change in the affinity constant, in the rat frontoparietal cortex. This effect was prevented by treatment with ( R )-α-methylhistamine (3.2 mg/kg, i.p.), a histamine H3 -receptor agonist. Thioperamide also induced an increase in SS binding in rats pretreated with mepyramine, a histamine H1 -receptor antagonist, or cimetidine, a histamine H2 -receptor antagonist. Pretreatment with mepyramine plus cimetidine administered simultaneously antagonized the thioperamide effect on SS binding. The increase in the number of SS receptors was accompanied by a greater SS-mediated inhibition of basal and forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity in frontoparietal cortical membranes in the thioperamide group. Furthermore, the functional activity of the guanine nucleotide-binding inhibitory protein (Gi protein) was not altered by thioperamide or ( R )-α-methylhistamine administration in frontoparietal cortical membranes. In rats treated with mepyramine plus thioperamide or cimetidine plus thioperamide, the increase in the number of SS receptors was also accompanied by an increased SS inhibition of AC activity. Thioperamide induced a significant increase in SS-like immunoreactivity content in the frontoparietal cortex. Altogether, these results suggest that frontoparietal cortical histamine may play, at least in part, a role in the regulation of the somatostatinergic system. 相似文献
7.
Relaxation of reproductive suppression in non-breeding female naked mole-rats, Heterocephalus glaber
Ninety-four non-reproductive female naked mole-rats, from seven colonies, were studied in terms of vaginal perforation, vaginal smears and urinary concentrations of oestradiol-17β and progesterone in relation to the time of parturition of the breeding female, the queen. The study concentrated mainly on the period from nine days prepartum to 13 days postpartum of 12 births. Sixty-eight percent ( n = 253) of the non-reproductive females had detectable urinary concentrations of oestradiol-17β and many of these had perforated vaginas throughout the study period. These females showed a significantly increased urinary concentration of oestradiol six days prior to parturition of the queen. In females with undetectable concentrations of oestradiol-17β, the proportion with perforated vaginas increased from six days prepartum (54%) to reach a peak on the day of parturition (92%) of the queen. Urinary progesterone-concentrations were 0.7nmol/mmol creatinine at some stage in the study period in 90% of the females and scattered short peaks or spikes were experienced by all these females, but without synchronization between the females in a colony and without any detectable correlation with the time of parturition of the queen. Maximal concentrations in some females were comparable to the values in cycling breeding females during the luteal phase, but were of a much shorter duration than in breeding females. Vaginal smears did not show clear cyclic patterns. 相似文献
8.
ε-聚赖氨酸(ε-poly-L-lysine,ε-PL)是抑菌谱广泛的天然抑菌剂,由通过α-羧基与ε-氨基连接的25–35个赖氨酸聚合而成。ε-PL主要由白色链霉菌发酵生产所得,比化学生产更加高效和环保。ε-PL具有水溶性好、耐热和对环境无污染等特点,具有良好的应用前景。本文从发酵生产入手,着重综述了ε-PL对各种微生物抑菌性能、抑菌机制及抑菌机制模型的研究进展。推测ε-PL是通过对细胞膜的破坏而改变细胞的通透性,或者作用到细胞内引起活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)胁迫而影响调节基因的表达,从而起到抑菌作用。根据这2种抑菌方式分别建立了相应的抑菌模型,即毡毯模型和ROS诱导细胞凋亡模型。本文可为ε-PL对微生物抑制性能的深入研究提供依据,同时也提出了ε-PL抑菌机制的新模型,为扩展ε-PL应用领域提供了一定的参考。 相似文献
9.
Few tropical species have been tested for their flowering response under controlled conditions. Hyptis brevipes Poit, is an annual herb, commonly found in wet margins of streams and ponds, being considered a weed for some perennial plantations in Brazil. Under experimental glasshouse conditions, this species proved to be an obligate short-day plant. Flowering was delayed when photoperiods longer than 8 h were given, the critical photoperiod being between 12 and 13 h. When both temperature and photoperiod were controlled, at 20°C a longer protoperiod (by almost 1 h) is still inductive compared to 25 and 30°C. The number of short-day cycles required for full induction is relatively high and dependent upon temperature; at 20°C or above, 10 cycles are adequate, but at 15°C, more short-day cycles are needed. The number of inflorescences formed as well as the floral index vary according to daylength × temperature × inductive cycle number, allowing flowering to be assessed quantitatively. Long days are inhibitory to flowering, either suppressing it completely (when symmetrically intercalated among 24 inductive cycles) or preventing the floral index from increasing. 相似文献
10.
Sunlight and the survival of enteric bacteria in natural waters 总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1
Escherichia coli and some salmonellas were exposed in seawater and freshwater to natural sunlight, visible light of comparable intensity, and light containing a similar proportion of u.v. as natural sunlight but of a much lower intensity. Direct viable bacterial counts and culturable counts on selective and non-selective media were made at intervals. The rate of decrease in numbers of culturable bacteria was significantly faster in seawater than in freshwater when exposed to natural sunlight. No significant difference was found between the rates of decrease in numbers of culturable bacteria in seawater and those in freshwater when bacteria were exposed to light with a small u.v. component of similar intensity. The effect of salinity on loss of culturability is, therefore, more significant in the presence of u.v. radiation. Direct counts by the acridine orange direct viable count method decreased much more slowly than the culturable counts in seawater but comparably with culturable counts in freshwater in natural sunlight. Direct viable counts and culturable counts decreased at a similar rate in seawater and in freshwater in visible light. This may signify the evolution of enteric bacteria towards a viable but non-culturable form in seawater when exposed to natural sunlight. The presence of humic acids significantly reduced loss of culturability but only in low salinity conditions. Salinity appears to be an important factor influencing culturability in bacteria exposed to sunlight. 相似文献