Unterschiede im revier- und sexualverhalten endemisch-anatolischer zahnkarpfen (pisces,cyprinodontidae)

The endemic Anatolian cyprinodonts Aphanius chantrei, A. (Kosswigichtys) asquamatus, and A. anatoliae show definite interspecific differences in their territorial and sexual behaviour under laboratory conditions. Intraspecific differences were found in the nine populations of A. anatoliae investigated.A. chantrei and Kosswigichthys show almost the same territorial behaviour. In A. anatoliae territoriality is found in three populations; the remaining six populations show no territoriality.The sexual behaviour consists of visual display elements and of elements which enable the fish to keep close contact without actually touching each other. The sequence of elements can be variable. Only two populations of A. anatoliae have retained display elements; the remaining seven populations have lost all of them.A correlation is discussed between biotope conditions and sexual behaviour. Display and territorial behaviour may have become superfluous in extreme, sulphate-containing habitats, where a lack of flora has led to a lack of spawning sites. Under changing breeding conditions the newly evolved element with fish staying close together (male underneath the female) may have replaced the former display elements.     

Ein einfaches Mikrokolorimeter

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Trees on networks: resolving statistical patterns of phylogenetic similarities among interacting proteins

Background  

Phylogenies capture the evolutionary ancestry linking extant species. Correlations and similarities among a set of species are mediated by and need to be understood in terms of the phylogenic tree. In a similar way it has been argued that biological networks also induce correlations among sets of interacting genes or their protein products.     

Moving forward with the primate microbiome: Introduction to a special issue of the American Journal of Primatology

Primate microbiome research is a quickly growing field with exciting potential for informing our understanding of primate biology, ecology, and evolution as well as host‐microbe interactions more broadly. This introductory essay to a special section of the American Journal of Primatology provides a cross‐sectional snapshot of current activity in these areas by briefly summarizing the diversity of contributed papers and their relationships to key themes in host‐associated microbiome research. It then uses this survey as a foundation for consolidating a set of key research questions to broadly guide future research. It also argues for the importance of methods standardization to facilitate comparative analyses and the identification of generalizable patterns and relationships. While primatology will benefit greatly from the integration of microbial datasets, it is uniquely positioned to address important questions regarding microbiology and macro‐ecology and evolution more generally. We are eager to see where the primate microbiome leads us.     

Subcellular localization of acetyl-CoA synthetase in leaf protoplasts of Spinacia oleracea

The localization of acetyl-CoA synthetase in the spinach leaf cell was examined. When the different compartments of lysed spinach protoplasts were assayed for marker enzymes and acetyl-CoA synthetase, it was determined that the synthetase was totally localized in the chloroplast compartment. Analysis of spinach leaf for free acetate revealed that this acid was present at a 1 mm level in the leaf cell. It is suggested that free acetate probably derived from a number of sources in the cell diffuses into the chloroplast stroma compartment where it is converted to acetyl-CoA and thence employed for biosynthetic reactions. Thus, free acetate is metabolically inert in the leaf cell until it is transported to the only compartment that contains acetyl-CoA synthetase, namely the chloroplast.     

Relationships among the streptothricin resistance transposons Tn1825 and Tn1826 and the trimethoprim resistance transposon Tn7

The streptothricin resistance transposons Tn1825 and Tn1826 are closely related, based on physical and genetic characteristics, to the trimethoprim resistance transposon Tn7. These transposons may be considered to be members of a transposon family sharing in common the transposition functions and a basic streptomycin/spectinomycin resistance determinant but differing from one another with respect to particular additional resistance genes inserted to the left of the aadA gene.