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Integrated species delimitation and conservation implications of an endangered weevil Pachyrhynchus sonani (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Green and Orchid Islands of Taiwan
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YEN‐TING CHEN HUI‐YUN TSENG MING‐LUEN JENG YONG‐CHAO SU WEN‐SAN HUANG CHUNG‐PING LIN 《Systematic Entomology》2017,42(4):796-813
Oceanic islands are productive habitats for generating new species and high endemism, which is primarily due to their geographical isolation, smaller population sizes and local adaptation. However, the short divergence times and subtle morphological or ecological divergence of insular organisms may obscure species identity, so the cryptic endemism on islands may be underestimated. The endangered weevil Pachyrhynchus sonani Kôno (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae: Pachyrhynchini) is endemic to Green Island and Orchid Island of the Taiwan‐Luzon Archipelago and displays widespread variation in coloration and host range, thus raising questions regarding its species boundaries and degree of cryptic diversity. We tested the species boundaries of P. sonani using an integrated approach that combined morphological (body size and shape, genital shape, coloration and cuticular scale), genetic (four genes and restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing, RAD‐seq) and ecological (host range and distribution) diversity. The results indicated that all the morphological datasets for male P. sonani, except for the colour spectrum, reveal overlapping but statistically significant differences between islands. In contrast, the morphology of the female P. sonani showed minimum divergence between island populations. The populations of P. sonani on the two islands were significantly different in their host ranges, and the genetic clustering and phylogenies of P. sonani established two valid evolutionary species. Integrated species delimitation combining morphological, molecular and ecological characters supported two distinct species of P. sonani from Green Island and Orchid Island. The Green Island population was described as P. jitanasaius sp.n. Chen & Lin, and it is recommended that its threatened conservation status be recognized. Our findings suggest that the inter‐island speciation of endemic organisms inhabiting both islands may be more common than previously thought, and they highlight the possibility that the cryptic diversity of small oceanic islands may still be largely underestimated. 相似文献
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孤离大鼠左侧颈动脉窦,采用侧脑室(LCV)注射α_1受体阻断剂酚苄明(phenoxybenzam-ine PBZ,2μg/20μl)或α_2受体阻断剂育亨宾(yohimbine Y,2μg/20μl),以颈动脉窦内压(ISP)-平均动脉压(MAP)关系曲线及其有关参数为指标,研究和分析了中枢α受体对颈动脉窦反射的影响。将所得ISP和MAP经Logistic方程拟合,建立ISP-MAP关系曲线。结果如下:PBZ组,ISP-MAP关系曲线在高窦内压区明显上移;峰斜率、MAP变动范围明显减小;ISP-斜率关系曲线在15.96kPa处明显下移。Y组,ISP-MAP关系曲线在高窦内压区明显上移;峰斜率、MAP变动范围明显减小,阈压明显增大,ISP-斜率关系曲线在10.64、15.96kPa处明显下移。与PBZ组相比,Y组的峰斜率、MAP变动范围减小更明显。结果表明:中枢α_1或α_2受体阻断后,窦反射的敏感性明显降低,其中阻断α_2受体的作用尤为明显。 相似文献
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诱导茄链格孢菌分生孢子形成的新技术 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文报道诱导茄链格孢菌(Alternaria solani)分生孢子形成的一种新技术。生长在马铃薯-葡萄糖-琼脂(PDA)上两天的茄链格孢菌琼脂块移接到玉米培养基上,置于日光灯下照射,诱发分生孢子梗生长。然后,再放在18℃下黑暗培养。12小时后,在菌丝块表面有大量的分生孢子形成。成熟的茄链格孢菌分生孢子用蒸馏水洗脱。 相似文献
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白翅叶蝉是福建省水稻的重要害虫,苗期受害严重者,整片稻苗苍白,甚至枯死;早稻孕穗、抽穗期常大量发生为害,影响谷粒饱满度,造成减产。福州和闽侯地区一年发生4代,部分5代。成虫越冬。冬季日平均温度达11℃以上时仍能取食为害。春季成虫侵入稻田,4月下旬前后大量产卵,5月中旬虫数激增,5月下旬或6月初达到高峰。早稻收割时由于农事活动引致若虫大量死亡。晚稻田于8、9月虫数较多,但危害不如早稻严重。10月中旬以后成虫逐渐离开稻田,迁往越冬场所。 寄主植物幼嫩茂密和较大湿度的小生境有利于白翅叶蝉的发育繁殖。大发生的气候因子主要是春季多雨。适宜的温湿度范围为温度20—25℃,相对湿度85—90%。 DDT单独使用或DDT与666混用防治白翅叶蝉都能收到满意的效果。早稻秧田宜在播种后两周施药防治;本田于5月中旬虫口密度开始增长之际施药,亦能抑制为害。冬季小麦出土以前清除田边杂草,也是一项有效的防治措施 相似文献
6.
Effects of social conditions on Juvenile Hormone mediated reproductive development in Bombus terrestris workers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
GUY BLOCH DAVID W. BORST Z.-Y. HUANG GENE E. ROBINSON ABRAHAM HEFETZ 《Physiological Entomology》1996,21(4):257-267
Abstract. During the annual life cycle of the bumble bee Bombus terrestris (L.) colony, there is a stage characterized by worker reproduction in the presence of the queen. It has been proposed that this is a result of a decrease in queen inhibition. This hypothesis was examined by studying the effects of queens taken from colonies at different stages of development on several aspects of worker physiology and behaviour: rates of Juvenile Hormone (JH) release in vitro , ovary development, and behaviour associated with reproduction. After optimizing and validating the radiochemical assay for JH release for bumble bee workers, we found that queenless workers had significantly more developed ovaries and higher rates of release of JH than did queenright workers, confirming and extending previous findings that suggest that bumblebee ovarian development is under JH control. Mated queens, separated from their colony and brood, can have the same inhibitory effect on the reproductive development of callow workers. In contrast, workers confined with virgin queens or in queenless groups demonstrated a significantly higher rate of release of JH, overt aggression and threatening behaviours. However, there were no differences in rates of release of JH between workers confined in groups in the laboratory with queens taken from colonies either before or after the onset of worker reproduction. Furthermore, overt aggression and threatening behaviours were similar and low in both types of groups. These results gave no support to the hypothesis that a decrease in queen inhibition is associated with the onset of worker reproduction. We also show that young workers reared in colonies either before or after worker reproduction occurs, or in queenless colonies, all demonstrated similar, low rates of release of JH. These results suggest that older workers may inhibit the corpora allata of younger workers in queenless colonies. 相似文献
7.
在浅麻醉大鼠上,在延髓腹内侧结构内观察到三种具有不同放电类型的细胞,即乃尾前放电骤停的撤反应细胞,甩尾前放电骤增的给反应细胞和甩尾无关的中性细胞。电刺激外侧缰核可抑制撤反应细胞的自发放电,加强给反应细胞自发放电,从而易化两类细胞的甩尾相关反应,同时易化伤害刺激引起的甩尾反射。实验结果说明,外侧缰核对节段性防御反射有易化作用,这种易化作用可能是通过延髓内撤反应和反应细胞的协同活动而实现的。 相似文献
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对2.5、12和29个月雄性Spraque-Dawley大鼠黑质网状部突触岛的年龄性变化进行形态学和形态计量学研究,结果表明:随增龄,突触岛内终末数目明显减少,与幼年组比较,中年组减少22%(P<0.05),老年组减少39%(P<0.05),同时,终末及树突内出现一系列形态学改变,胶质鞘直接覆盖树突的面积也明显增加。 相似文献
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人工饲养的蒙新河猪其动情周期可划分为4个阶段:动情前期、动情期(发情交配期)、动情后期和停滞期(动情间隔期)。动情期间雌雄河狸均表现出活跃好动,浮躁不安,食量减小;发情交配期雌雄河狸均发出低沉嘶哑的叫声,雄性叫声频率比性略高,爬跨交配是动情期发情的高峰,动情周期各阶段的行为特征,在雌性与阴道涂片细胞学及外生殖器形态、色泽、阴道分泌物周期性变化特征相吻合,在雄性则与睾丸及阴茎形态特征吻合,在人工饲养 相似文献