Phosphorus-containing Compounds at Comparable Germination Stages of Caryopses of Avena Species

A number of the phosphorus transformations accompanying imbibitionand initial germination in caryopses of wild oats (A vena fatuaL.) differ in nature and kind from those accompanying seedlingdevelopment. Even in non-dormant lines of wild oat germinationis extended and seedling development uneven. The significanceof early phosphorus transformations can be obscured. Proceduresto synchronize germination stages were developed by (i) usingseeds which had been exposed to room temperature for extendedperiods of dry storage, (ii) inducing germination of imbibedseeds by dehulling, piercing and/or gibberellin A3 treatments,or (iii) constructing artificial seed groupings of known germinationpercentage by appropriate selection of seeds from an unevenlygerminating seed source. All three procedures were effectivein identifying those processes associated with initial germination.The best synchronization was obtained with method (i). Germination,in contrast to imbibition, was signalled by a significant dropin inorganic phosphate levels, followed by a later rise as seedreserves of phytate were mobilized for seedling development.Differences in the rates of mobilization of acid-soluble phosphoruscompounds were apparent between cultivated oats and geneticallynon-dormant wild oats. Key words: Avena sp, Phosphorus compounds, Seeds, Germination     

ATP Synthesis during Water Imbibition in Caryopses of Genetically Dormant and Non-dormant Lines of Wild Oat (Avena fatua L.)

Levels of ATP in dry caryopses of wild oats (Avena fatua L.)were much lower than in imbibed seeds of the seven geneticallypure lines surveyed. The ATP content of the lines with highgenetic dormancy was consistently lower than the ATP contentof genetically non-dormant lines, but no significant correlationwith depth of dormancy was found apart from this. Massive increasesin ATP content occurred within 30 min of water uptake by caryopsesof both dormant and non-dormant lines. The synthetic pathwaystudied utilized inorganic phosphate with great avidity to formATP. The ability to form ATP upon imbibition was present inboth embryo and de-embryonated caryopsis. The ATP levels attainedin imbibing caryopses appeared sufficient to support considerablesynthetic activity, and this reduced the possibility that adeficiency in ATP was responsible for the maintenance of dormancyin such imbibed seeds. The low levels of inorganic phosphatein the embryos of genetically dormant lines of wild oat couldrepresent a limiting factor, if the active formation of ATPupon water imbibition resulted in a scarcity of phosphate forother reactions essential to germination. Key words: Avena fatua, ATP synthesis, Inorganic phosphorus, Seed dormancy, Germination, Water uptake     

中国细足猎蝽亚科新种记述(半翅目:猎蝽科)

细足猎蝽亚科(Stenopodainae)包括中型至大型的猎蝽,身体多狭长,颜色暗淡。头圆柱形,多向前平伸,中央横缢清楚,中叶前端常成刺状,颈显著;触角细长。前翅常具大型的中室。前足胫节通常无海绵窝,爪简单。 本亚科在我国现有记载10属33种。本文着重记述了5个属的27个种。其中包括12个新种,和在我国首次纪录的一个属(Caunus Stal)和二个种(Pygolampis bidentataGoeze及 Oncocephalus breviscutum Reuter)。为了便于读者查阅,现将这10个属区分如下:     

中国皮蝽科Piesmatidae简记(半翅目、异翅亚目)

皮蝽科Piesmatidae是半翅目中的一个小科,已知约三十余种,主要分布于全北区,也有少数分布于东洋区和非洲区。本科种类的特征是身体背面具特大的网状刻点,头侧叶发达,通常伸出于头中叶的前方;眼及触角之间呈刺状突起,有单眼;触角四节,第三节细长,第四节纺锤形,端半部被半直立长毛;喙四节,伸达或超过前足基节。前胸背板具二条,三条或五条纵脊;有前胸侧板窝。附节二节,具爪垫。本科与长蝽科接近,但头、前胸背板及足的构造不同。它和网蝽科种类的外形颇相似,但小盾片外露,前翅     

Effects of Repetitive Acid Immersion, Red Light, and Gibberellin A3 Treatments on Phytochrome-mediated Germination Control in Skotodormant Lettuce Seeds

Dry lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Grand Rapids), whichreceived 5 min far-red light (FR) 0.5 h after the onset of waterimbibition, showed 17% and 50% germination without and withacid immersion treatment (pH 0.1) for 1 h and rinsing with water,respectively. The acid treatment caused only 6% germinationor less in FR-treated seeds held for 10 to 30 d in dark storage.The 10 to 30 d skotodormant seeds did not respond to red light(R) or gibberellin A₃ (GA₃) singly, but showed 84% or higherpercentage germination if 1 h acid immersion was given beforeR or GA₃. The 20 d skotodormant seeds, which received R treatmentat day 10 but remained dormant showed 89% germination with onlyacid treatment. Similar values were obtained with 30 d skotodormantseeds which received one or two R treatments at day 10 or 20,i.e. the only requirement for these R-treated dormant seedswas an acid immersion. This releases the skotodormancy and rendersthe seeds more sensitive to R or GA₃, but the skotodormancywas initiated again if no light or hormone treatments were givenimmediately. The repetitive R or GA₃ treatments, which did notcause skotodormant seeds to germinate, lessened the degree ofskotodormancy. The germination of these skotodormant seeds canonly be induced by the synergistic action of R and GA₃. In thisstudy, GA₃ caused higher germination percentages in R-treatedskotodormant seeds than R stimulated in GA3-treated seeds. Itis suggested that (i) repetitive R or Ga₃ treatments maintaina high endogenous level of the far-red-absorbing form of phytochrome(P_fr) and GA activity, respectively, (ii) the accumulated stableintermediates of phytochrome persist in fully-imbibed skotodormantseeds for up to 20 d, without phytochrome expressing its functionuntil the seeds are acidified and (iii) a model is formulatedto interpret the results of acidification, growth promotersand R effects on germination of light-sensitive lettuce seeds. Key words: Phytochrome, Latuca saliva, seed germination, dark reversion of phytochrome, gibberellin A₃, acidification, skotodormancy     

我国竹缘蝽族种类简记(半翅目:缘蝽科)

我国南方多竹,竹的害虫很多;在缘蝽科中,竹缘蝽族(Cloresmini)的种类大都为害竹子。这类昆虫连同本文所记述的一个新种在我国已有三属九种;但是对于它们的食性的记录,除了 Hoffmann 记载的 Notobitus sp.和 Cloresmus modestus Dist.和李凤荪记载的 Notobitus meleagris F.以外,却很寥寥。本文将我国已知种类的鉴别和分布作一扼要记述,作为对于这类害虫进一步进行研究的参考。其中所记新种,系天津市自然博物馆程汉华同志由云南竹林中采集的,据采集人报告:该种群栖于竹笋中,为害其幼嫩部分,     

Wild Oat/Barley Interactions: Varietal Differences in Competitiveness in Relation to K+ Supply

Eight cvs of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were separately plantedwith Wild Oats (Avena fatua L., genetically pure line CS40)in a sand culture with two external K⁺ concentrations. Substantialdifferences were observed among barley cvs in their abilityto compete with wild oat. The variety Fergus was highly competitiveat both high and low [K⁺]_e, whereas Steptoe was competitiveonly at high [K⁺]_e, and Compana was only weakly competitivewith wild oat. The differences between barley cvs were relatedto their previously reported efficiencies of K⁺ uptake and utilization. Hordeum vulgare L., Avena fatua L., barley, wild oat, competition, K⁺ nutrition, utilization efficiency     

A preliminary analysis of antineoplastic activity of parvovirus MVMp NS—1 proteins

Human gastric cancer MKN-45 cells were transfected with pULB 3238,a plasmid carrying MVMp MS-1 gene with its original P4 promoter replaced by the glucocorticoid inducible promoter MMTV-LTR.After the integration and expression of NS-1 gene,some of the transfectants died,while others remained alive,but the growth features of survived cells were changed.For further study on the antineoplastic function of parvoviral NS-1 protein in vivo,transgenic mice carrying NS-1 genes were established by conventional method.Among 4 founders,one of them was found to be able to transmit the transgene to around 50% of their offsprings.RT-PCR was performed to indicate the expression of NS-1 gene in transgenic mice and its mRNA appeared in a variety of tissues.The expression of integrated NS-1 gene may correlate with the decreased incidence of tumor induced in vivo by chemical carcinogens.     

云南生物考察报告(半翅目, 缘蝽科)

这一项工作于1955—1957年间在云南各地,1955年夏季在四川峨眉山进行动植物调查,收集了大量的昆虫标本。本篇是关于半翅目缘蝽科标本的鉴定报告。共包括4个亚科,41个属 93个种和 2个变种,其中有7个新属 27个新种和一个新变种。除新种和新属外还有5个属和21个种是中国的新记录(以*符号标记)。另有同缘蝽属HomoeocerusBurm.6个新种和5个新记录,巳另文记述,不计在内。     

云南生物考察报告(半翅目:扁蝽科)

本文是1955—1957年云南生物考察时采集的半翅目扁蝽科标本的鉴定报告,共包括两个亚科,11个属27个种;其中有2个新属18个新种。除新种和新属外,还有2个属和3个种是我国的首次记录(以＊号标记)。新种的种模及配模标本均由中国科学院动物研究所保存。