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1.
HEINZ RICHNER 《Ibis》1988,130(1):73-78
Tidal, temporal and spatial aspects in the abundance of wintering Red-breasted Mergansers in the Ythan estuary, northeast Scotland, were investigated. The number and location of birds were examined in relation to four variables: tidal cycle and tidal range, and month and time of day. A significant increase in the numbers of this piscivorous bird occurred as the winter progressed. Numbers were highest in early morning and then decreased significantly during the day. Spring tides were favoured over neap tides and a significant increase in numbers was recorded between low tide and high tide. The lower part of the estuary was preferred over the upper part with no detectable shift in the preference occurring in relation to any of the four variables. 相似文献
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During one growing period, 5-year-old spruce trees (Picea abies L., Karst.) were exposed in environmental chambers to elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide (750 cm3 m?3) and ozone (008 cm3 m?3) as single variables or in combination. Control concentrations of the gases were 350cm3 m?3CO2 and 0.02 cm3 m ?3 ozone. To investigate whether an elevated CO2 concentration can prevent adverse ozone effects by reducing oxidative stress, the activities of the protective enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase were determined. Furthermore, shoot biomass, pigment and protein contents of two needle age classes were investigated. Ozone caused pigment reduction and visible injury in the previous year's needles and growth reduction in the current year's shoots. In the presence of elevated concentrations of ozone and CO2, growth reduction in the current year's shoots was prevented, but emergence of visible damage in the previous year's needles was only delayed and pigment reduction was still found. Elevated concentrations of ozone or CO2 as single variables caused a significant reduction in the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the current year's needles. Minimum activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase and decreased peroxidase activities were found in both needle age classes from spruce trees grown at enhanced concentrations of both CO2 and ozone. These results suggest a reduced tolerance to oxidative stress in spruce trees under conditions of elevated concentrations of both CO2 and ozone. 相似文献
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Field studies on Norway spruce trees at high altitudes 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
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SYNOPSIS. Gamogony of Theileria annulata Dschunkowsky & Luhs occurs within the intestine of nymphs of the tick Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum Koch. After the 5th day post repletionem (p.r.) of the ticks spherical and ovoid parasites were found within the intestinal cells. These stages were thought to represent fertilized macrogametes. These underwent a transformation process leading ultimately to the differentiation of a motile stage, the kinete , which leaves the intestinal cells on the 14th-17th day p.r. and penetrates the alveoles of the salivary glands. The transformation of the stationary into a motile stage takes place by formation of a growing protrusion (= anlage) into an inner, enlarging vacuole. During this process the limiting membrane of the vacuole serves as the outer membrane of the developing motile stage, whereas the 2 inner membranes of its pellicle are newly formed. The steps of this differentiation in T. annulata are compared to the process of ookinete formation in haemosporina. 相似文献
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We investigated the interaction of rhizospheric nitric oxide (NO) concentration (i.e. low, ambient or high) and soil nitrogen (N) availability (i.e. low or high) with organic and inorganic N uptake by fine roots of Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings by 15N feeding experiments under controlled conditions. N metabolites in fine roots were analysed to link N uptake to N nutrition. NO affected N uptake depending on N source and soil N availability. The suppression of nitrate uptake in the presence of ammonium and glutamine was overruled by high NO. The effects of NO on N uptake with increasing N availability showed different patterns: (1) increasing N uptake regardless of NO concentration (i.e. ammonium); (2) increasing N uptake only with high NO concentration (i.e. nitrate and arginine); and (3) decreasing N uptake (i.e. glutamine). At low N availability and high NO nitrate accumulated in the roots indicating insufficient substrates for nitrate reduction or its storage in root vacuoles. Individual amino acid concentrations were negatively affected with increasing NO (i.e. asparagine and glutamine with low N availability, serine and proline with high N availability). In conclusion, this study provides first evidence that NO affects N uptake and metabolism in a conifer. 相似文献
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HEINZ RICHNER 《Ibis》1990,132(1):105-108
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