大豆籽粒蓝脐性状及其分离规律

控制大豆白花亲本籽粒脐色的基因有带Ｒ与ｒ之分,带Ｒ基因的白花产本与紫花亲本杂交,Ｆ１代籽料出现蓝脐性状,其基因型为Ｉ－Ｒ－Ｗ１－ｔｔ。当控制脐色的基因有两对相差时（Ｒ、ｒ;Ｗ１、ｗ１）Ｆ２代籽粒脐色分离蓝脐与无色脐之比为９∶７。     

野生紫斑牡丹和四川牡丹种子萌发特性及与其致濒的关系

野生牡丹种子一般较小,而且不同产地之间形状、大小差异较大。其萌发特性与栽培牡丹相比也有较大差异：萌发期长达半年以上,且萌发温度在１０～１５℃为宜,超过２０℃则明显不利于生根及上胚轴生长。四个不同分布地的四川牡丹种子萌发率较一致,均在６０～７７％之间。三个不同产地的紫斑牡丹种子萌发率则相差甚远,分布于甘肃文县的萌发率达７６％,而分布于陕西略阳和湖北神农架的萌发率则分别只有１２％和４．４％,出苗率则更低。本文认为紫斑牡丹的种子特性是其在自然界处于濒危状态的重要原因之一。     

多异瓢虫生物学的研究

多异瓢虫在山东省德州地区一年发生４代,部分个体５代,以成虫在杂草丛内、残枝落叶及土块下越冬。在自然变温下,卵、幼虫、预蛹、蛹、成虫产卵前期和全世代的发育始点和有效积温分别为１８．８±０．５２℃和１５．０日度、１６．９７±０．０３℃和７３．３日度、１５．９７±０．０１℃和１０．２３日度、１５．４７±０．０５℃和２３．０５日度、１７．６±０．０４℃和３４．１日度、１８．２±０．１０℃和１７０．３日度。据Ｈｏｌｉｎｇ圆盘方程测定,１─４龄幼虫和产卵前期成虫日最大捕食棉蚜量依次力６．７头、３６．４头、７７．５头、８１．３头和６８．０头。     

花馔及其氨基酸营养

应用日立835 50型高效氨基酸自动分析仪,对十五种常见食用花卉干样进行了水解蛋白氢基酸成分测定,结果发现:①花馔中酸水解蛋白氨的基酸种类齐全,总氨基酸含量较高,占食用干物质的6.00—29.45％。②花馔中人体必需氨基酸含量丰富,占总氨基酸含量的29.50—42.60％。尤以亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸和苏氨酸含量为高。③花馔中甜、鲜类氨基酸含量也较高,分别占总氨基酸的25.94—39.89％,23.35—33.38％,花馔是兼有营养、颜色、美味的天然食物,值得人类利用。     

肺炎支原体感染对川崎病的影响及机制探讨

目的分析肺炎支原体感染对川崎病的影响及其机制,以期指导临床诊疗。方法回顾性分析2013年8月至2018年8月我科住院的496例川崎病患儿临床资料,其中合并肺炎支原体感染组193例,未合并肺炎支原体感染组303例。应用倾向评分匹配法1∶1校正2组的年龄、性别、是否为不完全型川崎病、是否使用糖皮质激素、丙种球蛋白使用时间、丙种球蛋白使用方法和阿司匹林初始剂量,比较2组患儿的总发热天数、冠状动脉直径、冠状动脉扩张发生率、冠状动脉瘤发生率和丙种球蛋白无反应发生率。结果川崎病合并肺炎支原体感染组男性患儿多,更易发生颈部淋巴结肿大,年龄、中性粒细胞百分比、血沉和低密度脂蛋白高于川崎病未合并肺炎支原体感染组,血钾、血钙、高密度脂蛋白和白蛋白低于川崎病未合并肺炎支原体感染组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。应用倾向评分匹配法1∶1配对后发现,川崎病合并肺炎支原体感染组患儿总发热时间更长[8(6~10)d vs 7(6~9)d,Z=-2.089,P<0.05),冠状动脉直径值更大[(2.81±0.81)mm vs(2.63±0.45)mm,t=2.532,P<0.05],冠状动脉瘤发生率更高(5.5% vs 1.1%,χ²=5.516,P<0.05)。结论肺炎支原体感染可能引起川崎病患儿脂质代谢及电解质的紊乱,其炎症反应更强,持续时间更长,对冠状动脉损伤更大。     

Design and Optimization of Planting Process Parameters for 2ZYX-2 Type Green Onion Ditching and Transplanting Machine

Considering the current low level of mechanization for domestic green onion planting and the high labor intensity of artificial planting, a 2ZYX-2 green onion ditching and transplanting machine, which can complete ditching, ridging, transplanting, repression, soil covering and other operations, is designed in this study. The Central Composite test design method was carried out with the speed of the transplanting machine, the depth of the opener and the horizontal position of the opener as the experimental factors and with the qualification ratio of perpendicularity, the variation coefficient of the plant spacing and the qualification ratio of the planting depth as the test index. Through the analysis of the model interaction and response surface, the change laws that the influence the machine’s forward speed, the depth of the opener and the horizontal position of the opener were studied. The regression model was optimized by Design-Expert 8.0.6 software, and the accuracy of the predicted results was verified by experiments. The optimal working parameters showed that the forward speed of the machine was 0.06 m/s, the depth of the opener was 102 mm, and the horizontal position of the opener was 29 mm. Under conditions of optimal working parameters, the qualification rate of the verticality was 86.83%, the coefficient of variation for the plant spacing was 2.77, and the pass rate of planting depth was 88.26%. The research related to the thesis can provide a reference for the mechanized planting of green onion, which is of great significance to the cost-effectiveness of the green onion industry.     

Gene cloning and functional analysis of yellow green leaf3 (ygl3) gene during the whole-plant growth stage in rice

Chlorophyll is an important photosynthetic pigment in the process of photosynthesis in plants and photosynthetic bacteria. Genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis in Arabidopsis and photosynthetic bacteria have been well documented. In rice, however, these genes have not been fully annotated. In this paper, a yellow-green leaf gene, yellow green leaf3 (ygl3) was cloned and analyzed. ygl3 encodes magnesium chelation ChlD (D) subunit, a key enzyme for chlorophyll synthesis, resulting in a yellow-green leaf phenotype in all growth stages in rice. Expression content of ygl3 is highest in the leaf blades, followed by the leaf sheaths, while there is virtually no expression of the gene in the stems and seeds. The sub-cellular structure and protein content of the photosynthetic system of the ygl3 mutant were revealed by transmission electron microscopy, BN-PAGE, and western blotting. The results show that the mutation of the ygl3 gene indirectly leads to a decrease in the protein content of the photosynthetic system and severely obstructs the formation of granum thylakoids.     

Iron and hydrogen peroxide detoxification properties of DNA-binding protein from starved cells. A ferritin-like DNA-binding protein of Escherichia coli

The DNA-binding proteins from starved cells (Dps) are a family of proteins induced in microorganisms by oxidative or nutritional stress. Escherichia coli Dps, a structural analog of the 12-subunit Listeria innocua ferritin, binds and protects DNA against oxidative damage mediated by H(2)O(2). Dps is shown to be a Fe-binding and storage protein where Fe(II) oxidation is most effectively accomplished by H(2)O(2) rather than by O(2) as in ferritins. Two Fe(2+) ions bind at each of the 12 putative dinuclear ferroxidase sites (P(Z)) in the protein according to the equation, 2Fe(2+) + P(Z) --> [(Fe(II)(2)-P](FS)(Z+2) + 2H(+). The ferroxidase site (FS) bound iron is then oxidized according to the equation, [(Fe(II)(2)-P](FS)(Z+2) + H(2)O(2) + H(2)O --> [Fe(III)(2)O(2)(OH)-P](FS)(Z-1) + 3H(+), where two Fe(II) are oxidized per H(2)O(2) reduced, thus avoiding hydroxyl radical production through Fenton chemistry. Dps acquires a ferric core of approximately 500 Fe(III) according to the mineralization equation, 2Fe(2+) + H(2)O(2) + 2H(2)O --> 2Fe(III)OOH((core)) + 4H(+), again with a 2 Fe(II)/H(2)O(2) stoichiometry. The protein forms a similar ferric core with O(2) as the oxidant, albeit at a slower rate. In the absence of H(2)O(2) and O(2), Dps forms a ferrous core of approximately 400 Fe(II) by the reaction Fe(2+) + H(2)O + Cl(-) --> Fe(II)OHCl((core)) + H(+). The ferrous core also undergoes oxidation with a stoichiometry of 2 Fe(II)/H(2)O(2). Spin trapping experiments demonstrate that Dps greatly attenuates hydroxyl radical production during Fe(II) oxidation by H(2)O(2). These results and in vitro DNA damage assays indicate that the protective effect of Dps on DNA most likely is exerted through a dual action, the physical association with DNA and the ability to nullify the toxic combination of Fe(II) and H(2)O(2). In the latter process a hydrous ferric oxide mineral core is produced within the protein, thus avoiding oxidative damage mediated by Fenton chemistry.     

Molecular basis of ATP-sensitive K+ channels in rat vascular smooth muscles

ATP-sensitive K+ (K(ATP)) channels couple metabolic changes to membrane excitability in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). While the electrophysiological properties of K(ATP) channels have been examined, little is known about the molecular basis of K(ATP) complex in vascular SMCs. We identified and cloned four K(ATP) subunit genes from rat mesenteric artery, namely rvKir6.1, rvKir6.2, rvKirSUR1, and rvSUR2B. These clones showed over 99.6% amino acid sequence identity with other previously reported isoforms. The mRNA expression patterns of the K(ATP) subunits varied among rat aorta, mesenteric artery, pulmonary artery, tail artery, hepatic artery, and portal vein. Heterologous co-expression of rvKir6.1 and rvSUR2B yielded functional K(ATP) channels that were inhibited by glibenclamide, and opened by pinacidil. Our results for the first time reported the expression of four K(ATP) subunits in same vascular tissues, unmasking the diversity of native K(ATP) channels in vascular SMCs.