全文获取类型
收费全文 | 9464篇 |
免费 | 692篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
10158篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 52篇 |
2022年 | 126篇 |
2021年 | 220篇 |
2020年 | 135篇 |
2019年 | 175篇 |
2018年 | 227篇 |
2017年 | 192篇 |
2016年 | 317篇 |
2015年 | 505篇 |
2014年 | 589篇 |
2013年 | 706篇 |
2012年 | 832篇 |
2011年 | 852篇 |
2010年 | 554篇 |
2009年 | 430篇 |
2008年 | 569篇 |
2007年 | 570篇 |
2006年 | 494篇 |
2005年 | 505篇 |
2004年 | 433篇 |
2003年 | 403篇 |
2002年 | 352篇 |
2001年 | 84篇 |
2000年 | 68篇 |
1999年 | 89篇 |
1998年 | 91篇 |
1997年 | 64篇 |
1996年 | 58篇 |
1995年 | 57篇 |
1994年 | 48篇 |
1993年 | 43篇 |
1992年 | 28篇 |
1991年 | 32篇 |
1990年 | 32篇 |
1989年 | 21篇 |
1988年 | 15篇 |
1987年 | 15篇 |
1986年 | 14篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 18篇 |
1983年 | 15篇 |
1982年 | 15篇 |
1981年 | 12篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 11篇 |
1978年 | 12篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1968年 | 5篇 |
1966年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Claudia Raedig Carsten F. Dormann Anke Hildebrandt Sven Lautenbach 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2010,19(6):1523-1546
Monographic data rely on specimens deposited in herbaria and museums, which have been thoroughly revised by experts. However,
monographic data have been rarely used to map species richness at large scale, mainly because of the difficulties caused by
spatially heterogeneous sampling effort. In this paper we estimate patterns of species richness and narrow endemism, based
on monographic data of 4,055 Neotropical angiosperm species. We propose a geometric interpolation method to derive species
ranges at a 1° grid resolution. To this we apply an inverse distance-weighted summation scheme to derive maps of species richness
and endemism. In the latter we also adjust for heterogeneous sampling effort. Finally, we test the robustness of the interpolated
species ranges and derived species richness by applying the same method but using a leave-one-out-cross-validation (LOOCV).
The derived map shows four distinct regions of elevated species richness: (1) Central America, (2) the Northern Andes, (3)
Amazonia and (4) the Brazilian Atlantic coast (‘Mata Atlantica’). The region with the highest estimated species richness is
Amazonia, with Central America following closely behind. Centers of narrow endemism are located over the entire Neotropics,
several of them coinciding with regions of elevated species richness. Sampling effort has a minor influence on the interpolation
of overall species richness, but it substantially influences the estimation of regions of narrow endemism. Thus, in order
to improve maps of narrow endemism and resulting conservation efforts, more collection and identification activity is required. 相似文献
2.
Emma Bricchi Marco Fornaciari Claudia Giannoni Francesca Greco Daniela Fascini Giuseppe Frenguelli Gianfranco Mincigrucci Bruno Romano 《Aerobiologia》1992,8(3):401-406
Summary Gramineae pollination from a pollen monitoring station located in the eastern suburb of Perugia and meteorological correlations are reported. The data refers to the year 1989. Grass pollen peak pollination was from May to July; in this period the influence of relative humidity and of temperature on pollen concentration was very high. Phenological observations, to identify the time of maximum stamen extension in the most common genera in the area, are also reported. During the period of investigation the counts of pollen grains over four-hour periods showed a regular diurnal rhythm with peaks of concentration in the four-hour period 16.00–20.00. Aerosporological data and meteorological data related to four-hour periods were correlated following different criteria. 相似文献
3.
4.
Maria Rebelo Claudia Sousa Howard M. Shapiro Maria M. Mota Martin P. Grobusch Thomas H?nscheid 《PloS one》2013,8(4)
Resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to almost all antimalarial drugs, including the first-line treatment with artemisinins, has been described, representing an obvious threat to malaria control. In vitro antimalarial sensitivity testing is crucial to detect and monitor drug resistance. Current assays have been successfully used to detect drug effects on parasites. However, they have some limitations, such as the use of radioactive or expensive reagents or long incubation times. Here we describe a novel assay to detect antimalarial drug effects, based on flow cytometric detection of hemozoin (Hz), which is rapid and does not require any additional reagents. Hz is an optimal parasite maturation indicator since its amount increases as the parasite matures. Due to its physical property of birefringence, Hz depolarizes light, hence it can be detected using optical methods such as flow cytometry. A common flow cytometer was adapted to detect light depolarization caused by Hz. Synchronized in vitro cultures of P. falciparum were incubated for 48 hours with several antimalarial drugs. Analysis of depolarizing events, corresponding to parasitized red blood cells containing Hz, allowed the detection of parasite maturation. Moreover, chloroquine resistance and the inhibitory effect of all antimalarial drugs tested, except for pyrimethamine, could be determined as early as 18 to 24 hours of incubation. At 24 hours incubation, 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were comparable to previously reported values. These results indicate that the reagent-free, real-time Hz detection assay could become a novel assay for the detection of drug effects on Plasmodium falciparum. 相似文献
5.
C Toga-Piquet A S Henderson J M Grillo A M Vagner-Capodano A Stahl 《Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences. Série III, Sciences de la vie》1984,298(14):383-386
The Pig chromosomes that contain rDNA sites displayed a polymorphism in the distribution of the genes among the nucleolar organizers located on pairs Nos. 8 and 10. Two, or more often three, active sites were observed in the chromosomes of lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin. Only 5% of the metaphases showed a 4th small active site. At the onset of stimulation most cells contained one-two nucleoli; four nucleoli were never observed. After prolonged stimulation, the number of nuclei containing three nucleoli increased. A 4th small nucleolus appeared in a few cells, presumably formed by activation of the smallest rDNA site. 相似文献
6.
7.
Digital images of ex situ germplasm stored in the Sardinian Germplasm Bank (BG-SAR) were used for the application of image analysis techniques at the Stazione Sperimentale di Granicoltura per la Sicilia. The analysed accessions refer to 148 taxonomic units belonging to 102 genera and 47 families, typical of the Sardinian flora, and of the Mediterranean basin in general.The images of diaspores were acquired by a flatbed scanner and elaborated with a macro specially developed for the morphometric and colorimetric measurements. This method allowed carrying out a database for the characterization of autochthonous germplasm in entry to the bank and the realization of statistic classifiers for the discrimination of genera and species within the following families: Apiaceae, Boraginaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Cistaceae, Fabaceae and Scrophulariaceae. Such classifiers, based on the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) technique and checked by cross-validation, showed a performance included between 74.3% and 96.4%.In addition, for the genus Astragalus, it was possible to elaborate a classifier able to identify very similar taxa of a species complex, obtaining a performance between 83.7% and 100%. Such analysis proved the validity of the methodology also from the taxonomic point of view.Suggestions for subsequent methodological progress, which could offer applications in other research issues, such as ecological analysis, soil seed bank and archaeological botany are proposed. 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
Tobias Consmüller Antonius Rohlmann Daniel Weinland Claudia Druschel Georg N. Duda William R. Taylor 《PloS one》2012,7(11)
The importance of functional parameters for evaluating the severity of low back pain is gaining clinical recognition, with evidence suggesting that the angular velocity of lordosis is critical for identification of musculoskeletal deficits. However, there is a lack of data regarding the range of functional kinematics (RoKs), particularly which include the changing shape and curvature of the spine. We address this deficit by characterising the angular velocity of lordosis throughout the thoracolumbar spine according to age and gender. The velocity of lumbar back shape changes was measured using Epionics SPINE during maximum flexion and extension activities in 429 asymptomatic volunteers. The difference between maximum positive and negative velocities represented the RoKs. The mean RoKs for flexion decreased with age; 114°/s (20–35 years), 100°/s (36–50 years) and 83°/s (51–75 years). For extension, the corresponding mean RoKs were 73°/s, 57°/s and 47°/s. ANCOVA analyses revealed that age and gender had the largest influence on the RoKs (p<0.05). The Epionics SPINE system allows the rapid assessment of functional kinematics in the lumbar spine. The results of this study now serve as normative data for comparison to patients with spinal pathology or after surgical treatment. 相似文献