高翔蜉属一新种：蜉蝣目：扁蜉蝣科

本文记述采自湖南省大庸市高翔蜉属一新种。该种以其阳茎叶外侧面具有一向前弯曲的钩状突起为显著特征,可区别于本属其他种类。     

内皮素对大鼠肠系膜微血管的作用

应用显微电视录象技术可观察到内皮素(ET)对戊巴比妥钠麻醉的 Wistar 大鼠的肠系膜微血管有收缩作用,血液流速减慢,甚至产生微循环障碍,这个作用相当持久,并呈剂量依赖关系。ET 的这个作用远高于去甲肾上腺素。这些结果提示,ET 作为强烈的微血管收缩剂,在微循环紊乱疾病的发病学中可能具有重要意义。     

中国对虾雄性生殖系统的结构及发育

本文较详细地叙述中国对虾雄性生殖系统的结构,与以前作者描述的有异。其精巢为分叶状;输糟管中段和分泌管道共处于同一圆管之内;生殖管道上皮多有分泌功能。在一次发育期中精子的发生大约持续两个月,产生的精子量大;雄虾具有多次交配的能力。     

光和GA_3诱导番茄种子萌发过程中内源ABA的变化

外源GA_3和红光都能有效地诱导台湾红番茄种子萌发;外源ABA对光诱导萌发有明显的抑制作用。白光和红光诱导萌发过程中内源ABA水平急剧降低,而在黑暗或远红光下则一直保持在与风干种子中原有的高水平。1 mol/L HCl酸化1h后加100 ppm GA_3诱导萌发时内源ABA含量也随培养时间的延续而明显下降。     

复合四倍体异育银鲫两种不同生殖方式的细胞学观察

在复合四倍体异育银鲫（）×银鲫（）的受精过程中,精子入卵后经过解凝、核化,最终形成雄性原核,并可与卵子的雌性原核融合,证明了复合四倍体异育银鲫卵子具有与两性融合生殖极为相似的拟两性融合生殖的能力;而在复合四倍体异育银鲫（）×兴国红鲤（）的组合中,精子入卵后以固缩状态存在,又表现出典型的雌核发育型生殖行为。因此我们认为复合四倍体异育银鲫具有两种不同的生殖发育机制。此外,我们还观察到在第一次有丝分裂中期有核物质被排斥到纺锤体之外的现象。本文就复合四倍体异育银鲫生殖发育的机制进行了初步的探讨。     

柑橘大实蝇精巢、精泵和精泵内骨骼的生长发育状况

【目的】柑橘大实蝇是一种严重为害柑橘类果实的经济害虫。研究其精巢、精泵以及精泵内骨骼生长发育状况,有助于提高柑橘大实蝇人工繁殖效率以及其田间防治效果,为柑橘大实蝇的预测预报及防治提供理论基础。【方法】基于光学显微镜测量恒温和室温条件下柑橘大实蝇雄虫的精巢、精泵以及精泵内骨骼的长度和宽度,并建立其长度、宽度和指数的函数模型,比较恒温和室温2种饲养条件下其雄虫器官发育状况差异。【结果】无论是在恒温还是室温条件下饲养,随着柑橘大实蝇雄成虫日龄的增加,其精巢、精泵以及精泵内骨骼的长度、宽度和指数变化趋势均符合幂函数增长模型。在恒温和室温条件下,其雄虫的精巢宽度、精泵的长度和宽度以及指数、精泵内骨骼宽度均无明显差异。在室温条件下饲养的雄虫的精巢长度[(4.00±0.14) mm]及指数(3.40±0.14)、精泵内骨骼长度[(1.65±0.03) mm]及指数(1.84±0.08)均分别显著高于在恒温条件下饲养的雄虫的精巢长度[(3.75±0.13) mm]及指数(3.19±0.14)、精泵内骨骼长度[(1.61±0.03) mm]及指数(1.77±0.08)。【结论】变温(室温)比恒温更有利于柑橘大实蝇雄虫的精巢和精泵内骨骼的发育,并推荐使用精泵长度推断其雄虫日龄的方法。     

Down-Regulation of ID2-AS1 Alleviates the Neuronal Injury Induced by 1-Methy1-4-Phenylpyridinium in Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line SH-SY5Y Cells Through Regulating miR-199a-5p/IFNAR1/JAK2/STAT1 Axis

We aimed to illustrate the roles and molecular mechanisms of ID2-AS1 in parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods: qRT-PCR detected the expression of ID2-AS1. CCK-8, LDH release assays the effect of ID2-AS1 knockdown on PD cells. Flow cytometry and Western Blot were used to detect the effect of ID2-AS1 inhibition on PD cell apoptosis. ELISA analysis showed that ID2-AS1 inhibition can reduce the inflammation of PD cells. ROS activity assay showed that inhibiting ID2-AS1 attenuated the oxidative stress induced by 1-methy1-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation assay showed that ID2-AS1 is mainly located in the cytoplasm. The luciferase reporter assay is used to verify the interaction. In our study, ID2-AS1 was concentration-dependently and time-dependently up-regulated in MPP+?-treated human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. ID2-AS1 knockdown enhanced cell proliferation and decreased cell death in PD cells. Knockdown of ID2-AS1 attenuates MPP+?-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. ID2-AS1 is a sponge of miR-199a-5p. IFNAR1 is a target of miR-199a-5p. Inhibition of miR-199a-5p and overexpression of IFNAR1 alleviate the inhibitory effect of ID2-AS1 knockdown on MPP+?triggered neuronal injury. Inhibition of miR-199a-5p and overexpression of IFNAR1 alleviate the inhibitory effect of ID2-AS1 knockdown on MPP+?-triggered JAK2/STAT1 activation. Overall, down-regulation of ID2-AS1 alleviated the neuronal injury in PD through regulating miR-199a-5p/IFNAR1/JAK2/STAT1 axis.

     

动物眼睛的起源与进化研究进展

动物眼睛的起源与进化过程是人类在探索自然奥秘过程中遇到的一个非常有趣且引人注目的研究热点,目前这方面的研究已取得了丰硕的成果。从眼睛出现的过程、眼睛进化所需的时间、眼睛的单起源论、眼睛的类型与进化、光感受器与眼睛进化的关系、光感受器和视蛋白的类型与进化这6个方面简要概述了动物眼睛起源与进化的主要研究进展。     

Responses of serum chemokines to dramatic changes of air pollution levels,a panel study

Abstract

Background: Despite the in vitro and in vivo evidence, studies are limited in evaluating whether chemokines are potential inflammatory mediators in response to air pollution exposure in humans.

Methods: We conducted a panel study coinciding with the Beijing Olympics, when temporary air pollution controls were implemented. We measured a suite of serum chemokines among healthy adults before, during and after the Olympics, respectively. Linear mixed-effect models were used to evaluate changes in chemokine levels over the three time periods.

Results: In response to the 50% drop in air pollution levels during the games, levels of RANTES, MCP-2, and TARC decreased by 25.8%, 20.9% and 35.3%, respectively (p?<?0.001) from pre-Olympics, and then increased by 45.8%, 34.9% and 61.5%, respectively (p?<?0.001) after the games when air pollution levels went up again. Similar patterns were observed in subgroup analyses by sex, age, smoking and body mass index. GRO-α and IL-8 decreased significantly during the games (22.5% and 30.4%), and increased non-significantly after the games. Eotaxin-1 only increased significantly from during- to post-games.

Conclusions: The strongest associations with air pollution levels were observed among RANTES, TARC and MCP-2. Those chemokines may play important roles in the air pollution-induced inflammatory pathway.