A cross-talk between epithelium and endothelium mediates human alveolar–capillary injury during SARS-CoV-2 infection

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is an acute and rapidly developing pandemic, which leads to a global health crisis. SARS-CoV-2 primarily attacks human alveoli and causes severe lung infection and damage. To better understand the molecular basis of this disease, we sought to characterize the responses of alveolar epithelium and its adjacent microvascular endothelium to viral infection under a co-culture system. SARS-CoV-2 infection caused massive virus replication and dramatic organelles remodeling in alveolar epithelial cells, alone. While, viral infection affected endothelial cells in an indirect manner, which was mediated by infected alveolar epithelium. Proteomics analysis and TEM examinations showed viral infection caused global proteomic modulations and marked ultrastructural changes in both epithelial cells and endothelial cells under the co-culture system. In particular, viral infection elicited global protein changes and structural reorganizations across many sub-cellular compartments in epithelial cells. Among the affected organelles, mitochondrion seems to be a primary target organelle. Besides, according to EM and proteomic results, we identified Daurisoline, a potent autophagy inhibitor, could inhibit virus replication effectively in host cells. Collectively, our study revealed an unrecognized cross-talk between epithelium and endothelium, which contributed to alveolar–capillary injury during SARS-CoV-2 infection. These new findings will expand our understanding of COVID-19 and may also be helpful for targeted drug development.Subject terms: Mechanisms of disease, Viral infection     

H.pylori可塑区tfs3a分泌系统virB2基因功能

目的对virB2基因编码蛋白进行分析,为virB2基因及其编码蛋白功能提供实验依据。方法利用多种生物学软件以及网站对VirB2蛋白的结构和功能进行分析预测,VirB2蛋白序列通过基因推导获得并由生物公司合成,然后通过免疫动物实验制备鼠抗VirB2蛋白多克隆抗体,同时设计进行VirB2蛋白细胞毒试验(MTT法)。结果virB2基因编码蛋白属于疏水性蛋白,为鞭毛样结构,有较强的细胞毒作用。结论对VirB2蛋白的结构和功能进行了分析预测,证明VirB2蛋白在H.pylori相关的致病性特别是引起胃黏膜炎症方面起到一定的作用,能够为研究H.pylori致病机制提供帮助。     

感染环形泰勒焦虫(Theileria annulata)的牛外周血白细胞的形态观察

用光镜及扫描电镜观察了体外高代培养的含牛焦虫颗粒的牛外周血白细胞的形态及在细胞周期中细胞表面的特征性变化。这种经多年传代的含虫的牛外周血白细胞恢复了分裂和繁殖的能力,目前已成为较稳定的细胞系。细胞表面具多种伪足突起,如叶状、丝状及绒毛状。细胞周期中备期细胞表面的主要特征是:S期:细胞平扁,边缘具薄的时状伪足及丝状伪足;G_2期:细胞中部隆起,表面具少量绒毛状伪足;G_1期:绒毛状结构少或无,而出现丝状及小的叶状伪足,细胞仍保持球形;M期:细胞球形,表面密被以绒毛。作者根据扫描电镜的观察认为光镜下所观察的两类细胞,实际上是反映了一种细胞处于不同发育阶段时的特征。     

长滩果引种驯化研究

长滩果系罗汉果最佳品种。原产区分布于永福和临桂县交界400—600米山区,但不适应于低丘陵和平原地区,因而不能在低丘陵和平原地区推广。为了解决这个问题。采用了(1)选择湿润和半阴的生长环境;(2)采用适应性强的砧木;(3)促成栽培;(4)加强秋旱期的科学管理等措施并取得成功,试验结果表明长滩果产量和品质达到或略超过原产区水平。     

A review of the distribution of all species of deer (Tragulidae, Moschidae and Cervidae) in China

Twenty-one species of deer occur in China: one species of Tragulidae, three species of Moschidae and 17 species of Cervidae. The foundation of this review is the research conducted in the early 1940s by Allen, combined with the research and investigation by the authors and other Chinese specialists since that time. This paper focuses on the tentative distribution of these species of deer for future research efforts.     

稻虱跗(虫扇)的个体发生研究:生活史和寄生作用

稻虱跗蝙Elenchinus japonicus Esaki et Hashimoto属(捻翅目)跗蝙科,在稻田寄生于白背稻虱、褐稻虱和灰稻虱.稻虱跗蝙在母体血腔中发育、孵化产生三爪蚴,三爪蚴通过生殖沟、生殖孔、育道和育道开口离开母体.三爪蚴离开母体在稻株上活动.一旦靠近寄主,用足抓住寄主,爬在它们身上.它通过节间膜进入寄主,变成蛆状蚴,开始取食.幼虫在寄主体内继续发育,达到足够大小,它们羽化成虫.雌成虫留在寄主体内,仅露出“帽子”(即头胸部),雄虫离开寄主,自由飞翔、雄成虫寿命很短(<12小时),它们积极寻找雌虫,进行交配,发现交配位置在育道口,支配时间约1—2秒钟.雄成虫体长1.33mm;展翅约2.25mm;雌成虫体长1.6—2.6mm,宽0.88—1.35mm;头胸部长0.2mm;育道口宽0.15mm,卵在雌成虫体内形成,而卵母细胞在雌幼虫体内发育.卵长75μm×宽40μm.第1期幼虫(三爪蚴):体长0.2mm;尾须为体长1/3.第Ⅱ期幼虫(蛆伏蚴)足和附肢都退化;第Ⅱ期幼虫分成4个龄期,具口和消化道,蛹属围蛹.卵历期7—8天,而三爪蚴历期仅1天.蛆状蚴(2—5龄)历期10—11天,蛹历期约3—4天,雌成虫历期7—8天.在实验室,每世代历期约20—23天.稻虱跗蝙的寄生作用较低,由于三爪蚴找不到稻虱很快死亡.在浙江1983—1986年调查,稻虱跗蝙对白背稻虱成、若虫寄生率5—7%,灰稻虱的寄生率为2%,褐稻虱为1%.有时白背稻虱的寄生率可达20—40%.