Dynamic large branching hash tree based secure and efficient dynamic auditing protocol for cloud environment

Cluster Computing - Cloud computing model offers various platforms services and provides a scalable, on-demand service at any time-anywhere manner. However, in the outsourcing strategy, users no...     

The Recent Establishment of North American H10 Lineage Influenza Viruses in Australian Wild Waterfowl and the Evolution of Australian Avian Influenza Viruses

Influenza A H10N7 virus with a hemagglutinin gene of North American origin was detected in Australian chickens and poultry abattoir workers in New South Wales, Australia, in 2010 and in chickens in Queensland, Australia, on a mixed chicken and domestic duck farm in 2012. We investigated their genomic origins by sequencing full and partial genomes of H10 viruses isolated from wild aquatic birds and poultry in Australia and analyzed them with all available avian influenza virus sequences from Oceania and representative viruses from North America and Eurasia. Our analysis showed that the H10N7 viruses isolated from poultry were similar to those that have been circulating since 2009 in Australian aquatic birds and that their initial transmission into Australia occurred during 2007 and 2008. The H10 viruses that appear to have developed endemicity in Australian wild aquatic birds were derived from several viruses circulating in waterfowl along various flyways. Their hemagglutinin gene was derived from aquatic birds in the western states of the United States, whereas the neuraminidase was closely related to that from viruses previously detected in waterfowl in Japan. The remaining genes were derived from Eurasian avian influenza virus lineages. Our analysis of virological data spanning 40 years in Oceania indicates that the long-term evolutionary dynamics of avian influenza viruses in Australia may be determined by climatic changes. The introduction and long-term persistence of avian influenza virus lineages were observed during periods with increased rainfall, whereas bottlenecks and extinction were observed during phases of widespread decreases in rainfall. These results extend our understanding of factors affecting the dynamics of avian influenza and provide important considerations for surveillance and disease control strategies.     

Assembly of horseradish peroxidase within supported cationic bilayers

The interaction between horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB) bilayers supported on polystyrene microspheres (PSS) or on flat silicon wafers was evaluated from the following techniques: (1) dynamic light-scattering for determining size distributions, zeta-potentials and polydispersities for dispersions; (2) spectrophotometric determination of HRP concentration in supernatants of centrifuged mixtures; (3) in situ ellipsometry for mean thickness of deposited layers on wafers; (4) kinetics of product appearance for oxidation of 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid by H(2) O(2) in presence of free or immobilized enzyme. HRP incorporation (3.0 mg/m(2)) did not alter mean diameter and zeta-potential of PSS/DODAB particles but reduced enzyme activity by 50%, though activity persisted after several rinsing steps. In situ ellipsometry could not detect any HRP layer on top of the DODAB bilayer. HRP insertion in the bilayer core explained all results for both systems. Useful biotechnological applications are anticipated for such assemblies.