Nonspecific inherited risk factors for acute respiratory diseases in children living in the western part of the Baikal-Amur railway

Variation of 9 polymorphic loci was compared in 2 groups of children from Russian native and migrant population of Western area of Baikal-Amur Railway--those who suffered from acute respiratory diseases during first year of life and their parents, and normal children and their parents. Frequencies of genotypes 1-1 (HP locus). 00 (ABO locus), and pp (F locus) were significantly higher in normal children than in the affected ones. Heterozygosity observed in native parents of the diseased children was lower as compared with other groups. It was possible to distinguish two groups, according to the degree of genic similarity: the first one included healthy children and their parents from migrant and native population, the second one included all affected children and their parents. Significance of association between phenotypes at 3 loci (HP, ABO, P) and predisposition of the children to acute respiratory diseases were evaluated. A conclusion was made that in children of both migrant and native Russian parents similar combinations of anthropological traits and gene markers are the factors of their nonspecific resistance to acute respiratory diseases.     

云南所麻蝇属一新种记述：双翅目：麻蝇科

作者在整理1985年采集的麻蝇科标本中,发现所麻蝇属(SarcosolomoniaBaranov)1新种。模式标本分别保存于云南省卫生防疫站和军事医学科学院微生物流行病研究所。     

The heterozygosity for the biochemical and immunological markers of genes and the variability of morphophysiological traits in man

The relationship between heterozygosity of 9 biochemical and 5 blood group loci and variability of body length and age of menarche were studied in 467 women and 336 men from Moscow population. High and low levels of individual heterozygosity were shown in men to be associated with the maximal values of the coefficient of variation (CV) of body length, while in women strong positive correlation between the CV of body length and individual heterozygosity was demonstrated. The highest level of heterozygosity was revealed in medium-height men and low-height women. Highly heterozygous women were characterized either by early or by late age of menarche; early onset of menarche causes growth retardation. Positive correlation between the CV of body length and heterozygosity in women is due to the accumulation of low-height individuals having early age of menarche. The results are discussed in terms of Lerner's concept of genetic homeostasis. It is concluded that an average level of heterozygosity is optimal for a population.     

Population genetics study of differential fertility in humans (based on an example of habitual abortion). II. Distribution of genotypes and heterozygosity levels for a variety of biochemical markers

Hereditary variation of 21 blood proteins coded by 22 monomorphic and 9 polymorphic loci was compared in 171 couples and 120 women with repeated spontaneous abortions in anamnesis (experimental group) and 183 couples with normal fertility (control group). Significant elevation of frequency of rare protein electrophoretic variants, marked deviation in distribution of genotypes for polymorphic loci, alteration in observed heterozygosity level were not found in experimental group. Statistically significant decrease in average value of D index (D = (hobs-hexp)/hexp; hobs, hexp--observed and expected heterozygosity per locus) was found in women of experimental group.     

横断山齿突蟾属一新种(两栖纲:锄足蟾科)

1982年在横断山区考察期间,发现四川木里截族自治县的齿突蟾Scutiger标本在第二性征、趾蹼等特征与已知的各种齿突蟾均不相同,描述为新种木里齿突蟾Scutiger muliensis。     

齿突蟾属某些种的多态现象

本文报道某些锄足蟾科Pelobatidae动物的多态现象。讨论了同域或不同域的四种齿突蟾Scuti-ger,即刺胸齿突蟾S. mammatus(Guenther)、胸腺齿突蟾S. glandulatus(Liu)、木里齿突蟾S. mulicnsis Fei et Ye和皱纹齿突蟾S. ruginosus Zhao et jiang的皮肤瘰疣、第二性征等性状;用薄层等电聚焦电泳方法分析了同域三种齿突蟾的晶体蛋白。结果表明:前三种是有效种;后一种,即皱纹齿突蟾分别是前三种的多态性变体;这些变体以相同性状(即皮肤多瘭疣)同时表现在三个种中的现象,属于平行多态现象。     

环状RNA在肝细胞癌中的作用及机制

肝细胞癌（hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC）治疗困难、预后很差,是肿瘤相关死亡中的第4大癌症,严重危害人类生命健康,但其具体发病机制却仍未完全阐明。因此,探索能调控肝细胞癌发生发展,作为肝细胞癌的诊断标志物或能预测患者预后的关键分子仍十分必要。环状RNA是前体mRNA通过反向剪接产生的由3′, 5′ 磷酸二酯键首尾连接形成的共价闭合环状结构,主要有外显子circRNA（exonic circRNA,ecircRNA）、环状内含子RNA（circular intronic RNA,ciRNA）及外显子 内含子circRNA（exon-intron circRNA,EIciRNA）三大类。由于环状RNA具有普遍性、高度保守性和稳定性,其可以参与多种癌症的发生发展过程,并且可作为肿瘤的早期诊断标志物及预后因子,因此,这是一类新型且非常有潜力应用于临床诊治各阶段的分子。近年来,有大量关于环状RNA与肝细胞癌的研究。这些研究表明,环状RNA在肝细胞癌发生发展进程中发挥的作用十分重要,并且其机制多样。因此,本文主要关注环状RNA在肝细胞癌中的最新进展,总结不同环状RNA分子对于肝细胞癌细胞恶性表型、肿瘤干细胞及肿瘤微环境中免疫细胞的作用,以及其在肝细胞癌临床转移、分期、诊断、预后等各阶段中发挥的功能及其具体作用机制。此外,本文还提出了目前研究中存在的一些问题和不足,以期为未来的研究提供一些新的思路及策略。     

长非编码RNA PVT1与消化系统肿瘤

长非编码RNA（long non-coding RNAs, lncRNAs）在肿瘤发生、发展进程中承担重要角色,是近年来的研究热点之一。大量研究表明,浆细胞瘤变异易位基因1（plasmacytoma variant translocation 1, PVT1）可通过多种分子机制参与调控消化系统肿瘤的增殖凋亡、迁移侵袭、细胞自噬、血管生成、多药耐药及肿瘤代谢等过程,从而发挥致癌作用。本文主要就PVT1在消化系统肿瘤中的表达水平变化,及其与临床病理特征和预后的关系,以及PVT1对消化系统肿瘤的致癌作用机制和多药耐药机制等研究进展作一综述。     

亚洲高海拔锄足蟾属间分类研究(Amphibia:Pelobatidae)

本文比较研究了高海拔锄足蟾类29种成体和蝌蚪的外形,25种的骨骼,8种的核型和带型,9种的眼晶体薄层凝胶等电聚焦电泳图谱等性状,并结合地理分布、生态环境及习性等因素综合而较全面地对中国锄足蟾科Pelobatidae的齿突蟾属Scutiger,猫眼蟾属Aelurophryne和齿蟾属Oreo-lalax三个类群的属间分类问题进行了探讨。研究表明:齿蟾属Oreolalax应为有效属,不宜作为齿突蟾属Scutiger的亚属;猫眼蟾属Aelurophryne与齿突蟾属Scutiger应同归一属,前者应为后者之亚属。