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1.
Henry C. Stevens Elaine M. Metz Percy Saboya Del Castillo Juan Díaz Alvn Mark T. Bowler 《Journal of Field Ornithology》2019,90(1):70-79
White‐sand forests are patchily distributed ecosystems covering just 5% of Amazonia that host many specialist species of birds not found elsewhere, and these forests are threatened due to their small size and human exploitation of sand for construction projects. As a result, many species of birds that are white‐sand specialists are at risk of extinction, and immediate conservation action is paramount for their survival. Our objective was to evaluate current survey methods and determine the relative effect of the size of patches of these forests on the presence or absence of white‐sand specialists. Using point counts and autonomous recorders, we surveyed avian assemblages occupying patches of white‐sand forest in the Peruvian Amazon in April 2018. Overall, we detected 126 species, including 21 white‐sand forest specialists. We detected significantly more species of birds per survey point with autonomous recorders than point counts. We also found a negative relationship between avian species richness and distance from the edge of patches of white‐sand forest, but a significant, positive relationship when only counting white‐sand specialists. Although we detected more species with autonomous recorders, point counts were more effective for detecting canopy‐dwelling passerines. Therefore, we recommend that investigators conducting surveys for rare and patchily distributed species in the tropics use a mixed‐method approach that incorporates both autonomous recorders and visual observation. Finally, our results suggest that conserving large, continuous patches of white‐sand forest may increase the likelihood of survival of species of birds that are white‐sand specialists. 相似文献
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Shira Weingarten-Gabbay Susan Klaeger Siranush Sarkizova Leah R. Pearlman Da-Yuan Chen Kathleen M.E. Gallagher Matthew R. Bauer Hannah B. Taylor W. Augustine Dunn Christina Tarr John Sidney Suzanna Rachimi Hasahn L. Conway Katelin Katsis Yuntong Wang Del Leistritz-Edwards Melissa R. Durkin Christopher H. Tomkins-Tinch Pardis C. Sabeti 《Cell》2021,184(15):3962-3980.e17
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3.
Gametes of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardii recognize and adhere to cells of the opposite mating type by flagellar contact. Adhesion between these specialized organelles signals a rapid series of mating events which result in gamete fusion. The sequence of morphological changes (flagellar tip activation, cell wall loss, and mating structure elongation), which occur as a consequence of the sexual signalling, have been characterized. The signalling mechanisms have, however, not been defined. Calcium is known to be involved during fertilization of animal species. Increased intracellular free calcium, which can be achieved either by calcium influx or by mobilization of ions from intracellular stores, has been observed during activation of both eggs and sperm. A recent report by Bloodgood & Levin that gametes of C. reinhardii preloaded with 45Ca showed a transient increase in Ca efflux following mating, suggests that intracellular Ca redistribution may also accompany mating in this algal species. We have used X-ray microanalysis to analyze the subcellular distribution of bound calcium during mating in Chlamydomonas reinhardii. X-ray maps reveal that calcium is sequestered in discrete granules within the gamete cell body prior to mating and that during activation and cell fusion, calcium is diffuse throughout the cell. This suggests the possibility that calcium serves as a second messenger in this species. 相似文献
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Antonella Canini Lorena Canuti Maria Grilli Caiola Maddalena Del Gallo 《Annals of microbiology》2006,56(4):393-398
In the present work an immunocytochemical characterisation of four endophytic bacterial species has been made by using polyclonal antiserum produced against each of the four bacterial strains previously heated at 60 °C. The aim of this researchsito identify common elements among bacteria associated with their endophytic behaviour. Analysis of extracts of each strain by immunoblotting and ELISA confirmed the presence of proteins from different bacterial strains made up of common epitopes. However, antisaproduced againstHerbaspirillum seropedicae andBurkholderia ambifaria show a high number of bands recognised on each extracts, while antisera againstAzospirillum brasilense andGluconacetobacter diazotrophicus show a low number of bands recognised on each extract. Immunogold labelling showed that epitopes are located both on the cell wall and in the cytoplasm; most likely they could be preursor cell wall proteins synthesized inside the cytoplasm and subsequently transported onto cell wall. Finally, the common bands amog bacterial strains revealed by immunoblotting could play a role as active hydrolases involved in host tissue penetration. 相似文献
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Deborah Shaw Ian R. Poxton John R.W. Govan 《FEMS immunology and medical microbiology》1995,11(2):99-106
Abstract Burkholderia cepacia has emerged as an important multiresistant pathogen in cystic fibrosis (CF), associated in 20% of colonised patients with a rapid and fatal decline in lung function. Although knowledge of B. cepacia epidemiology has improved, the mechanisms involved in pathogenesis remain obscure. In this study, B. cepacia lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was assessed for endotoxic potential and the capacity to induce tumour necrosis factor (TNF). LPS preparations from clinical and environmental isolates of B. cepacia and from the closely related species Burkholderia gladioli exhibited a higher endotoxic activity and more pronounced cytokine response in vitro compared to preparations from the major CF pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa . This study may help to explain the vicious host immune response observed during pulmonary exacerbations in CF patients colonised by B. cepacia and lead to therapeutic advances in clinical management. 相似文献
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V Franceschini P Del Grande F Ciani G Caniato G Minelli 《Basic and applied histochemistry》1984,28(3):281-289
The ultrastructural localization of alkaline phosphatase and K+-NPPase was investigated in brain capillaries of newt by a cytochemical study using whole brain perfusion. The alkaline phosphatase activity was present in both luminal and antiluminal membranes of the endothelial cells. By contrast, the K+-NPPase was located only in antiluminal membranes of the brain capillaries. This distinct enzymatic distribution suggested that the luminal and antiluminal membranes are functionally different. The role of alkaline phosphatase and K+-NPPase in the blood brain barrier is discussed. 相似文献
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