Spartina alterniflora invasions and effects on crab communities in a western Pacific estuary

We investigated Spartina alterniflora invasions, their relationship with shoreline dynamics and effects on crab communities in the Yellow River estuary, China, where shoreline dynamics have been accelerated due to human-mediated estuarine sediment deposition and sea-level rise. We determined the distribution of Spartina with extensive ground surveys, and quantified shoreline dynamics between 2001 and 2009 by interpreting satellite images. We used pitfall traps to sample crab populations in Spartina-invaded habitats and non-invaded mudflats in 2009 and 2010. Large areas (>0.5 km²) of Spartina plants were found at three locations in the estuary. The seaward limit of Spartina at each location generally coincided with the present shoreline, regardless of historical shoreline advance or retreat. Crab communities in Spartina-invaded habitats significantly differed from those in non-invaded habitats. The total number and biomass of crabs caught per trap were much higher in Spartina-invaded habitats than in non-invaded habitats, however, species richness and Shannon diversity were much lower. These results suggest that Spartina invasions are likely to keep pace with shoreline dynamics accelerated by global change and have significant ecological consequences for crab communities. These issues should be taken into account to improve the use and management of Spartina, especially in rapidly accreting estuaries with large-area mudflats that are important habitats but prone to Spartina invasions.     

Inhibition of heme oxygenase-1 enhances the chemosensitivity of laryngeal squamous cell cancer Hep-2 cells to cisplatin

It has been previously reported that cisplatin is a well-known anticancer drug being used against a wide range of malignancies including head and neck, ovarian and non-small cell lung carcinoma, and demonstrated its anticancer activity by reacting with DNA or changing cell structure, immune response, reactive oxygen species level (ROS). In this research we proved that cisplatin induced cell injuries and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in laryngeal squamous cell cancer Hep-2 cells through ROS generation. The induction of HO-1 clearly protected Hep-2 cells from cisplatin-induced cell death and ROS reaction, and the inhibitor of HO-1 enhanced the cell death and ROS generation induced by cisplatin. Furthermore, the HO-1 expression induced by cisplatin was strongly inhibited by the knockdown of nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2), and the oxidative damages induced by cisplatin were significantly enhanced. Therefore, it may be concluded that the inhibition of HO-1 or the knockdown of Nrf-2 significantly enhanced cisplatin’s anticancer effects on Hep-2 cells. In clinic, with the overexpression of HO-1 in laryngeal squamous cancer tissues, the combination of cisplatin with the inhibitor of HO-1 or Nrf-2 siRNA may act as a new method to the treatment of laryngeal squamous cancer.     

Isolation and Identification of Atractylenolide lV from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.

Nine compounds have been isolated from the rhizomes of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. One of them is a new compound, named atractylenolide Ⅳ. Sitosterol and triterpenoid ester were also isolated firstly in this genus.     

基于景观格局与过程的云南省典型地区道路网络生态效应

利用概率连接度指数的量化分析方法,分析了云南省典型地区道路网络对景观格局、生态过程以及景观功能的影响.结果表明：研究区道路网络加剧了区域景观的破碎化程度;道路网络对不同生态过程的迁移路径结构、数目以及分布的影响有所不同,影响程度随迁移扩散能力的增加而增加;道路网络总体上降低了景观维持生态过程连续性的功能（不同情景平均下降超过10%）,使各个斑块在景观中的功能退化（平均下降超过40%）,影响程度随迁移扩散能力的增加而增加.     

基于多源遥感数据的大豆叶面积指数估测精度对比

近年来遥感技术的革新促使遥感源越来越丰富.为分析多源遥感数据的叶面积指数(LAI)估测精度,本文以大豆为研究对象,利用比值植被指数(RVI)、归一化植被指数(NDVI)、土壤调整植被指数(SAVI)、差值植被指数(DVI)、三角植被指数(TVI)5种植被指数,结合地面实测LAI构建经验回归模型,比较3类遥感数据(地面高光谱数据、无人机多光谱影像以及高分一号WFV影像)对大豆LAI的估测能力,并从传感器几何位置和光谱响应特性以及像元空间分辨率三方面分析讨论了3类遥感数据的LAI反演差异.结果表明： 地面高光谱数据模型和无人机多光谱数据模型都可以准确预测大豆LAI(在α=0.01显著水平下,R²均>0.69,RMSE均<0.40);地面高光谱RVI对数模型的LAI预测能力优于无人机多光谱NDVI线性模型,但两者差异不大(E_A相差0.3%,R²相差0.04,RMSE相差0.006);高分一号WFV数据模型对研究区内大豆LAI的预测效果不理想(R²<0.30,RMSE>0.70).针对星、机、地三类遥感信息源,地面高光谱数据在反演LAI方面较传统多光谱数据有优势但不突出;16 m空间分辨率的高分一号WFV影像无法满足田块尺度作物长势监测的需求;在保证获得高精度大豆LAI预测值和高工作效率的前提条件下,基于无人机遥感的农情信息获取技术不失为一种最佳试验方案.在当今可用遥感信息源越来越多的情况下,农业无人机遥感信息可成为指导田块精细尺度作物管理的重要依据,为精准农业研究提供更科学准确的信息.     

黄河三角洲湿地草本植被的双变量主坐标排序

利用双向指示种（TWINSPAN）分类技术将黄河三角洲湿地草本植被划分为7个群落类型,然后应用双变量主坐标分析（double principal coordinate analysis, DPCoA）法对其进行排序,结果表明：在物种组成上,芦苇＋盐地碱蓬群落为芦苇群落和盐地碱蓬＋芦苇群落、盐地碱蓬群落、盐地碱蓬＋补血草＋碱蓬群落、补血草群落的过渡类型,而芦苇＋穗状狐尾藻群落与其他群落类型差异较大;黄河三角洲湿地草本植被的分布主要与土壤因子中的土壤盐分、土壤pH等紧密相关,而与土壤全磷、全氮、有机质等养分无显著相关关系。将DPCoA和其他一些常用的植被排序方法进行了比较,相对于主分量分析（PCA）和除趋势对应分析（DCA）而言,DPCoA信息保留量更高,能够将物种组成和类别上较为接近的植物群落聚集在一起,而将差异较大的植物群落在排序图中分散开来,在揭示群落间相互关系以及植被与环境之间关系上可能更为有效。     

雅鲁藏布江拉萨裸裂尻鱼种群资源状况及其渔业管理对策

拉萨裸裂尻鱼为我国特有种,由于过度捕捞和生物入侵,其种群生存受到极大威胁.2008年8月至2009年8月在西藏雅鲁藏布江谢通门至尼木江段共采集拉萨裸裂尻鱼694尾,利用单位补充量模型对其种群资源利用状况及渔业管理对策进行了研究.结果表明:雌性和雄性拉萨裸裂尻鱼年总瞬时死亡率(Z)分别为0.81和0.78年^-1,雌雄种群自然死亡率(M)分别在0.17~0.27和0.21~0.33年^-1,雌雄鱼的当前捕捞死亡率(Fcur)分别在0.54~0.64和0.45~0.57年^-1.拉萨裸裂尻鱼雌鱼种群繁殖潜力比为10.1%~17.9%,全部显著低于下限参考点(F25%),雄鱼种群繁殖潜力比为28.3%~43.6%,仅有22.3%的比例高于目标参考点(F40%).表明在现有的渔业管理政策下,拉萨裸裂尻鱼资源已被过度开发.通过模拟14个不同的渔业管理政策,评估起捕年龄和禁渔期对拉萨裸裂尻鱼的保护效果,结果表明,将其起捕年龄设置为不小于10龄或禁渔期至少设置为2-6月,可实现对其资源的有效养护.     

Significant Achievements in Protection and Restoration of Alpine Grassland Ecosystem in Northern Tibet, China

Alpine grassland is a fragile ecosystem, and a large area of this grassland type has been severely degraded in Northern Tibet, to the extent that it has become the primary ecological problem in the region. Various levels of government, including the national central government, the Tibetan Autonomous Region government, and the Nagqu Prefecture government have worked together to achieve alpine grassland ecosystem protection and prevent grassland degradation. These efforts have resulted in significant ecological, social, and economic benefits in Northern Tibet.     

NaCl对中华补血草叶片盐腺发育及其泌盐速率的影响

以中华补血草(Limonium sinenseKuntze)为实验材料,研究了不同浓度NaCl处理对其生长、盐腺发育及泌盐速率的影响.结果显示:(1)随着NaCl浓度的升高,植株干重和鲜重均先显著升高后逐渐下降,当NaCl处理浓度为100 mmol/L时,植株干、鲜重达到最大;(2)与对照相比,300 mmol/L NaCl处理下盐腺的分泌细胞及平均直径差异不显著,而在1002、00 mmol/L的NaCl处理下显著增大;(3)随着NaCl浓度的升高,盐腺密度显著升高且叶片上表面盐腺总数明显高于对照,单个盐腺的泌盐速率和叶片整体泌盐速率均显著升高.结果表明,100~200 mmol/L NaCl处理可显著促进中华补血草盐腺的发育及泌盐能力,300 mmol/L以上NaCl处理对盐腺的直径影响不显著,但可显著促进盐腺的泌盐能力.     

重组酵母菌生物合成麻黄碱的特性及L-Phe对其合成的影响

目的：探讨12株重组酵母菌生物合成麻黄碱的特性及L-Phe对麻黄碱生物合成的影响。方法：以葡萄糖为碳源、NaNO3为氮源对重组酵母菌进行培养,在相同条件下,在液体培养基中添加5mg/L的L-Phe,利用反向高压液相色谱（RP-HPLC）测定重组酵母菌培养液中麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱的含量。结果：重组酵母菌培养液中麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱的最高产量分别为18.85mg/L和4.11mg/L;L-Phe对各重组菌株生物合成麻黄碱的调控作用各不相同。结论：通过L-Phe对重组酵母菌生物合成麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱调控作用的探讨,将为研究重组菌株的遗传多样性提供依据。