Effects of Photoperiod and Maturity Genes on Plant Growth, Partitioning, Radiation Use Efficiency, and Yield in Soyabean [Glycine max(L.) Merrill] 'Clark'

Plants of four isolines of soyabean [Glycine max(L.) Merrill]‘Clark’, viz‘L71-920’ (maturity genecomplemente₁e₂e₃ ), ‘L80-5914’ (E₁e₂e₃), ‘Clark’(e₁E₂E₃), and ‘L65-3366’ (E₁E₂E₃), were grown inshort (12.25 h d ^{- 1}natural light) and long days (12.25 h d^{- 1}natural light supplemented with 2.75 h d ^{- 1}low-irradianceartificial light) from first flowering to maturity in a polythenetunnel maintained at 30/24°C (day/night). Whereas therewere few differences among the isolines grown in short days,in long days the dominant alleles increased crop duration, biomassand seed yield substantially. Increases in biological and economicyield were not solely a consequence of longer crop duration:the dominant alleles also increased crop growth rate and radiationuse efficiency in long days (from 1.3 g MJ ^{- 1}total radiationine₁e₂e₃ to 2.8 g MJ ^{- 1}inE₁E₂E₃ ). Greater radiation use efficiencyresulted from a relatively longer leaf area duration, betterdistribution and orientation of a larger mass of leaves withinthe canopy, and smaller partitioning of assimilates to reproductivestructures. The work reveals the substantial effects of thethree lociE₁ / e₁, E₂/ e₂and E₃/e₃ on the response of plantgrowth, as well as development, to environment. Their relevanceto crop adaptation is discussed. Copyright 2000 Annals of BotanyCompany Glycine max(L.) Merrill, soyabean, maturity genes, flowering, phenology, growth, yield     

Enrichment of AT-TA transversion at 5′-CAG-3′ motif is not a unique mutational signature of aristolochic acid

<正>Aristolochic acids, mutational signature, and hepatocellular carcinoma Aristolochic acids (AA) are the etiologic agents of aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) and contribute to the global prevalence of chronic kidney disease and urothelial cancer (Grollman et al., 2007). DNA adducts formed by AA generate a unique AT transversions mutation spectrum at     

内蒙古部分地区骆驼和羊寄生蜱虫病毒组学分析

为了解内蒙古地区蜱虫病毒组学的本底数据,采用病毒宏基因组学方法对在内蒙古阿拉善盟左旗、右旗和四子王旗地区3个采样点采集骆驼和羊体表寄生的1789只蜱虫样品进行病毒宏基因组学分析,并对特定病毒进行巢式PCR扩增和测序,通过Clustal W和MEGA7.0等生物信息学软件对获得的病毒基因序列进行遗传进化分析.数据显示,蜱虫样品携带包括植物、脊椎动物和非脊椎动物等来源的17个病毒科和一些未分类的病毒;其中,2株弹状病毒具有丰富的遗传多样性,与新疆地区和长江地区的弹状病毒的同源性达到98.5％和96.26％,提示蜱虫弹状病毒可能是通过羊和骆驼等动物贸易导致了新疆和内蒙古地区,以及内地的跨区域传播;细小病毒仅在羊来源的蜱虫中检测到,与中国河北地区的山羊血清中的细小病毒形成同一进化分支,我们推测蜱虫细小病毒在国内不同地区间可跨区域传播,在进化分析过程中,发现这种病毒与多种的细小病毒的同源性都不低于50％,提示细小病毒可能具有遗传稳定性;Tamdy病毒与来自阿塞拜疆、乌兹别克斯坦和美国的Tamdy病毒均具有极高的同源性,结果显示该病毒在内蒙古地区已经出现,并存在潜在流行的可能,有必要对Tamdy病毒进行进一步的监测;在本研究中,我们鉴定的白蛉病毒与来自新疆的亚洲璃眼蜱所携带的博乐蜱虱病毒形成同一个进化分支,与新型布尼亚病毒和Heartland virus病毒的同源性达到50％以上,该结果提示,我们发现的蜱虫白蛉病毒可能具有潜在的致病性,需要对其流行情况和致病性进行监测和研究.本研究为完善内蒙古部分地区蜱虫病毒的多样性和本底情况提供了重要的基础数据.     

厚壳贻贝whirlin类贝壳基质蛋白的重组表达与功能分析

贝壳历来是生物工程和材料学研究的重要对象。贝壳中的贝壳基质蛋白质在贝壳的形成与发育过程中具有重要的调控作用。Whirlin类蛋白质(Whirlin-like protein,WLP)是一种从厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)中鉴定的新型贝壳基质蛋白质。序列分析结果显示,该蛋白质含有PDZ(postsynaptic density/Discs large/Zonula occludens)结构域,而该结构域对贝壳生物矿化的影响目前尚无报道。为深入了解WLP在贝壳形成中对碳酸钙晶体的影响,在序列分析基础上,采用密码子优化结合原核重组表达,获得其重组表达产物后,开展了重组WLP对碳酸钙晶体形貌及晶型的影响研究,结晶速度抑制以及碳酸钙晶体结合分析。分析结果表明,重组WLP能诱导文石型碳酸钙晶体的形貌和方解石型碳酸钙晶体的晶型发生改变;同时重组WLP对碳酸钙晶体具有结合作用,且能抑制碳酸钙晶体的结晶速度。上述结果表明,WLP对贝壳的形成及发育具有重要影响,并可能在贝壳肌棱柱层的形成中发挥了重要作用。     

Modulatory effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus KLDS 1.0738 on intestinal short‐chain fatty acids metabolism and GPR41/43 expression in β‐lactoglobulin–sensitized mice

We investigated the correlation between the beneficial effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus on gut microbiota composition, metabolic activities, and reducing cow's milk protein allergy. Mice sensitized with β‐lactoglobulin (β‐Lg) were treated with different doses of L. acidophilus KLDS 1.0738 for 4 weeks, starting 1 week before allergen induction. The results showed that intake of L. acidophilus significantly suppressed the hypersensitivity responses, together with increased fecal microbiota diversity and short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration (including propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate) when compared with the allergic group. Moreover, treatment with L. acidophilus induced the expression of SCFAs receptors, G‐protein–coupled receptors 41 (GPR41) and 43 (GPR43), in the spleen and colon of the allergic mice. Further analysis revealed that the GPR41 and GPR43 messenger RNA expression both positively correlated with the serum concentrations of transforming growth factor‐β and IFN‐γ (p < .05), but negatively with the serum concentrations of IL‐17, IL‐4, and IL‐6 in the L. acidophilus–treated group compared with the allergic group (p < .05). These results suggested that L. acidophilus protected against the development of allergic inflammation by improving the intestinal flora, as well as upregulating SCFAs and their receptors GPR41/43.     

MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION ON THE LARVA OF NEOPSYLLA SPECIALIS SPECIALIS*

Abstract This paper deals in detail with the morphology of the larva of Neopsylla specialis specialis Jordan, 1932. It may be distinguished from other larvae of 5 species or subspecies of Neopsylla by two fine setae lying on outside of each posterior long seta on the ventral plates of the first to third thoracic segments, ratio of the length and width of the egg burster, number and shape of mandibular teeth, number and length of the setae in the anterior and posterior row on dorsal side of head, and number of the setae of anal comb and the strut setae. The sense organs on the 10th tergite are discussed.     

Binding of B‐cell maturation antigen to B‐cell activating factor induces survival of multiple myeloma cells by activating Akt and JNK signaling pathways

B‐cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is expressed on normal and malignant plasma cells and represents a potential target for therapeutic intervention. In this study, we characterized the mechanism underlying the protein kinase B (Akt) and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) pathways and BCMA interactions in regulating multiple myeloma (MM) cell survival. It was found that the expression levels of B cell‐activating factor (BAFF) and BCMA were increased in MM cells as compared with those in normal controls. The proliferation of U266 cells was induced by recombinant human BAFF (rhBAFF) and could also be decreased by BCMA siRNA. The expression of Bcl‐2 protein was up‐regulated, and Bax protein was down‐regulated after rhBAFF treatment, which could be reversed by BCMA siRNA. Similarly, the protein p‐JNK and p‐Akt were activated by rhBAFF and could be changed by BCMA siRNA. In addition, the BCMA mRNA and protein expression levels were decreased after treatment with Akt and JNK pathway inhibitors. These results suggest that Akt and JNK pathways are involved in the regulation of BCMA. A novel BAFF/BCMA signalling pathway in MM may be a new therapeutic target for MM. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.