内蒙古部分地区骆驼和羊寄生蜱虫病毒组学分析

为了解内蒙古地区蜱虫病毒组学的本底数据,采用病毒宏基因组学方法对在内蒙古阿拉善盟左旗、右旗和四子王旗地区3个采样点采集骆驼和羊体表寄生的1789只蜱虫样品进行病毒宏基因组学分析,并对特定病毒进行巢式PCR扩增和测序,通过Clustal W和MEGA7.0等生物信息学软件对获得的病毒基因序列进行遗传进化分析.数据显示,蜱虫样品携带包括植物、脊椎动物和非脊椎动物等来源的17个病毒科和一些未分类的病毒;其中,2株弹状病毒具有丰富的遗传多样性,与新疆地区和长江地区的弹状病毒的同源性达到98.5％和96.26％,提示蜱虫弹状病毒可能是通过羊和骆驼等动物贸易导致了新疆和内蒙古地区,以及内地的跨区域传播;细小病毒仅在羊来源的蜱虫中检测到,与中国河北地区的山羊血清中的细小病毒形成同一进化分支,我们推测蜱虫细小病毒在国内不同地区间可跨区域传播,在进化分析过程中,发现这种病毒与多种的细小病毒的同源性都不低于50％,提示细小病毒可能具有遗传稳定性;Tamdy病毒与来自阿塞拜疆、乌兹别克斯坦和美国的Tamdy病毒均具有极高的同源性,结果显示该病毒在内蒙古地区已经出现,并存在潜在流行的可能,有必要对Tamdy病毒进行进一步的监测;在本研究中,我们鉴定的白蛉病毒与来自新疆的亚洲璃眼蜱所携带的博乐蜱虱病毒形成同一个进化分支,与新型布尼亚病毒和Heartland virus病毒的同源性达到50％以上,该结果提示,我们发现的蜱虫白蛉病毒可能具有潜在的致病性,需要对其流行情况和致病性进行监测和研究.本研究为完善内蒙古部分地区蜱虫病毒的多样性和本底情况提供了重要的基础数据.     

Comparison Study of Bone Defect Healing Effect of Raw and Processed Pyritum in Rats

To evaluate and compare the effect of raw and processed pyritum on tibial defect healing, 32 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. After tibial defect, animals were produced and grouped: sham and control group were orally administrated with distilled water (1 mL/100 g), while treatment groups were given aqueous extracts of raw and processed pyritum (1.5 g/kg) for successive 42 days. Radiographic examination showed that bone defect healing effect of the treatment groups was obviously superior compared to that of the control group. Bone mineral density of whole tibia was increased significantly after treating with pyritum. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry showed that the contents of Ca, P, and Mg in callus significantly increased in the treatment groups comparing with the control. Moreover, serological analysis showed that the concentration of serum phosphorus of the treatment groups significantly increased compared with that of the control group. By in vitro study, we have evaluated the effects of drug-containing serum of raw and processed pyritum on osteoblasts. It was manifested that both the drug-containing sera of raw and processed pyritum significantly increased the mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase and collagen type I. Protein levels of phosphorylated Smad2/3 also increased. The mRNA levels of osteocalcin and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) type I and II receptors, as well as the protein levels of TGF-β1 in the processed groups, were higher than those in the control. In summary, both raw and processed pyritum-containing sera exhibited positive effects on osteoblasts, which maybe via the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. Notably, the tibia defect healing effect of pyritum was significantly enhanced after processing.     

The oncolytic peptide LTX-315 triggers necrotic cell death

The oncolytic peptide LTX-315 has been designed for killing human cancer cells and turned out to stimulate anti-cancer immune responses when locally injected into tumors established in immunocompetent mice. Here, we investigated the question whether LTX-315 induces apoptosis or necrosis. Transmission electron microscopy or morphometric analysis of chromatin-stained tumor cells revealed that LTX-315 failed to induce apoptotic nuclear condensation and rather induced a necrotic phenotype. Accordingly, LTX-315 failed to stimulate the activation of caspase-3, and inhibition of caspases by means of Z-VAD-fmk was unable to reduce cell killing by LTX-315. In addition, 2 prominent inhibitors of regulated necrosis (necroptosis), namely, necrostatin-1 and cycosporin A, failed to reduce LTX-315-induced cell death. In conclusion, it appears that LTX-315 triggers unregulated necrosis, which may contribute to its pro-inflammatory and pro-immune effects.     

青海省单蚤属两新种记述(蚤目:角叶蚤科)

在鉴定我囱青海省单蚤属(Monopsyllus Kolenati,1857)的跳蚤标本时,除检出别人已记述过的不等单蚤[Monopsyllus anisus(Rotnschild,1907)],新月单蚤(Monopsyllusscaloni Vovchinskaya,1950)和冯氏单蚤(Monopsyllus fengi Liu,Xie et Wang)(新种,待发表)外,尚发现两个在形态上都接近花鼠单蚤[Monopsyllus indages(Rothschild,1908)]的新种。由于两新种阳茎钩突特别,故分别命名为钩状单蚤Monopsyllus hamutus,新种和文状单蚤Monopsyllus forficus,新种。鉴别这三个蚤种的重要特征如表1所示。     

胆碱能神经对人餐后神经降压素释放的影响

本文比较了6名健康成人进食、餐前肌注阿托品以及单纯咀嚼食物后的血浆神经降压素样免疫活性物质(NTLI)水平的变化,以探讨胆碱能神经对神经降压素释放的影响。用放射免疫测定法分别测定NTLI和胰多肽(PP)的含量,以便同时比较两者释放的状态。6人的基础血浆NTLI和PP的水平平均分别为15.7±2.4和16.6±9 7pmol/L。进食后,血浆NTLI和PP水平均显著增高,并呈双相反应。第一个血浆NTLI高峰平均为60.7±13.2pmol/L,出现于餐后的20min。餐后90min,又出现另一个高峰,其平均水平为58.8±8.2pmol/L。在进食前肌注阿托品1mg,餐后的第一个血浆NTLI高峰消失,而第二个高峰仍存在。单纯咀嚼食物后,血浆PP水平明显增高,而对NTLI的释放无刺激作用。本文结果提示,餐后早期的神经降压素释放的调节是由非迷走胆碱能神经参与的,而后期的释放不受胆碱能神经的影响。     

仙茅属三个国产种的核型研究

本文报道了中国产三种仙茅植物的核型。1.绒叶仙茅Curculigo crassifolia (Baker) Hook. f., 2n=2x=18=10m(4SAT) 8 sm;2.大叶仙茅C.capitulata(Lour.)O. Kuntze,2n=2x=18=10(2SAT) 8sm;3.中华仙茅C.sinensis S.C.Chen,2n=2x=18=8m(3SAT) 10sm(2SAT)。其中中华仙茅的核型为首次报道。虽然三种仙茅的核型都是“2B”型,但中华仙茅的核型不对称性比绒叶仙茅和大叶仙茅强。     

Interactions of chiral molecules with an (r)-n-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl) phenylglycine HPLC stationary phase

Forty different chiral molecules were studied by liquid chromatography with a Pirkle-type, (R)-N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl) phenylglycine (DNBPG), chiral stationary phase column. The dramatic effect of a small molecular change on chiral recognition was demonstrated using DL-amino acid derivatives. The inductive effect on chiral recognition was also studied using trifluoro-, trichloro-, dichloro-, monochloroacetyl, and acetyl derivatives of four different chiral amines. The study of the enantiomer separation of 11 different crown ethers of 2,2′-binaphthyldiyl showed that the rigidity of the chiral center can be an additional parameter in chiral recognition for the DNBPG phase but not for a β-cyclodextrin bonded chiral phase. It is apparent from this study that steric effects, inductive effects, and molecular rigidity play important roles in chiral recognition with DNBPG chiral stationary phases.     

Effects of pingyanymycin on chromosomes: a possible structural basis for chromosome aberration

Pingyanymycin (PYM), and antitumor-antibiotic complex which belongs to the bleomycin family can induce "G2-free chromatin" and "uncompleted-packing-mitotic figures" (UPM) at increased frequency after treatment of cultured human lymphocytes. PYM can also induce an extraordinarily high frequency of chromosomal breaks but few sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) in the same experiment, which is similar to the action of bleomycin. To solve this remarkable contradiction we presume that the UPM is related to a basic mechanism for producing chromosomal aberrations. Our results also show that various steps of the chromosomal cycle can be affected by certain chemical agents, and these treatments lead to chromosomal aberrations. Thus, other testing systems should be used in addition to the SCE system.     

Attachment and multiplication,morphology and protein production of human fetal primary liver cells cultured in hormonally defined media

In Vitro Cellular &; Developmental Biology - Plant -