吉林省寄螨亚科三新种(啤螨目:寄螨科)

本文记述寄螨亚科(Parasitinae)三新种。模式标本保存于吉林省地方病第一防治研究所。文内测量单位为微米,括号内为测量平均值。     

Codon optimization of MTS1 and its expression in Escherichia coli

MTS1, which encodes a protein named p16, is an important gene involved in tumorigenesis. To increase the expression of p16 in Escherichia coli, MTS1 was synthesized de novo by recursive PCR, with codons optimized towards E. coli. Studies indicate that N-terminal amino acids of p16 had negative impact on its expression in E. coli. The function of p16DeltaN8 is not affected by the absence of N-terminal eight amino acids, compared with p16. p16DeltaN8 was expressed in E. coli, which reached 22% of total cell proteins. Purified p16DeltaN8 (purity was 98%) was delivered into A875 (melanoma), MCF7 (breast cancer), and HeLa (cervical cancer) cells by lipofectin. Results show purified p16DeltaN8 remarkably inhibited the growth of A875 and MCF7 cells, whereas it had little effect on HeLa cells.     

P38 and ERK1/2 MAPKs Act in Opposition to Regulate BMP9-Induced Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells

Although previous studies have demonstrated that BMP9 is highly capable of inducing osteogenic differentiation and bone formation, the precise molecular mechanism involved remains to be fully elucidated. In this current study, we explore the possible involvement and detail effects of p38 and ERK1/2 MAPKs on BMP9-indcued osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cell (MPCs). We find that BMP9 simultaneously stimulates the activation of p38 and ERK1/2 in MPCs. BMP9-induced early osteogenic marker, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and late osteogenic markers, such as matrix mineralization and osteocalcin (OC) are inhibited by p38 inhibitor SB203580, whereas enhanced by ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059. BMP9-induced activation of Runx2 and Smads signaling are reduced by SB203580, and yet increased by PD98059 in MPCs. The in vitro effects of inhibitors are reproduced with adenoviruses expressing siRNA targeted p38 and ERK1/2, respectively. Using mouse calvarial organ culture and subcutaneous MPCs implantation, we find that inhibition of p38 activity leads to significant decrease in BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation and bone formation, however, blockage of ERK1/2 results in effective increase in BMP9-indcued osteogenic differentiation in vivo. Together, our results reveal that p38 and ERK1/2 MAPKs are activated in BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of MPCs. What is most noteworthy, however, is that p38 and ERK1/2 act in opposition to regulate BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of MPCs.     

Assembly of the protoplasm of Codium fragile (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) into new protoplasts

The cell organelles of the coenocytic alga Codium fragile (Sun) Hariot aggregated rapidly and protoplasts were formed when its protoplasm was extruded out in seawater. Continuous observation showed that there were long and gelatinous threads connecting the cell organelles. The threads contracted, and thus the cell organelles aggregated into protoplasmic masses. The enzyme digestion experiments and Coomassie Brilliant Blue and Anthrone stainings showed that the long and gelatinous threads involved in the formation of the protoplasts might Include protein and saccharides as structure components. Nile Red staining Indicated that the protoplast primary envelope was non-lipid at first, and then lipid materials Integrated Into its surface gradually. The fluorescent brightener staining Indicated that the cell wall did not regenerate in the newly formed protoplasts and they all disintegrated within 72 h after formation. Transmission electron microscopy of the cell wall of wild C. fragile showed electron-dense material embedded in the whole cell wall at regular intervals. The experiments indicated that C. fragile would be a suitable model alga for studying the formation of protoplasts.     

A new model of phycobilisome inSpirulina platensis

Phycobilisomes (PBS) were isolated from blue-green algaSpirulina platensis. Scanning tunneling microscope was used to investigate the three-dimensional structure of PBS deposited on freshly cleaved highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) in ambient condition at room temperature. The results showed that the rods of PBS radiated from the core to different directions in the space other than arrayed in one plane, which was different from the typical hemi-discoidal model structure. The diameter of PBS was up to 70 nm, and the rod was approximately 50 nm in length. Similar results were observed in Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film of PBS. The dissociated PBS could reaggregate into rod-like structures and easily form two-dimensional membrane while being absorbed on HOPG, however, no intact PBS was observed. The filling-space model structure of PBS inSpirulina platensis with STM from three-dimensional real space at nanometer scale was found, which showed that this new structural model of PBS surely exists in blue-green algae and red algae. The function of this structural model of PBS was also discussed.     

2017-2020年河南省漯河市呼吸道合胞病毒流行特征研究

呼吸道合胞病毒(Respiratory syncytial virus,RSV)是引起严重急性呼吸道感染(Severe acute respiratory infection,SARI)的一个重要病原,尤其以5岁以下儿童为主.为了解河南省漯河市SARI住院患者中RSV感染的流行病学和临床特征,为RSV预防控制及临床诊疗提供科学数据,本研究采集2017年10月至2020年8月河南省漯河市SARI住院病例的咽拭子,并收集流行病学和临床信息.采用荧光定量PCR方法鉴定RSV A/B阳性病例,分析其流行病学和临床特征.结果显示,本研究共入组1335例SARI病例,其中220例(16.48％)为RSV阳性,A和B亚型分别占64.55％和30.45％.RSV感染以5岁以下儿童为主(占91.36％),2岁以下婴幼儿占RSV感染病例的一半以上(占55.37％).RSV流行高峰出现在11月-次年1月,不同年份流行季可前后相差一个月.A﹑B亚型在不同月份可单独流行也可共流行.受新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情影响,2020年2-8月SARI病例数较往年同期减少60％以上,RSV阳性率在2020年2-8月降低为0.与非RSV感染组相比,RSV更易感染2岁以下儿童,下呼吸道感染占比更高(以支气管肺炎为主).本研究通过近3年SARI病例监测,揭示河南省漯河市RSV感染以冬春季常见,以下呼吸道感染为主,主要感染5岁以下儿童,其中2岁以下婴幼儿是防控重点人群.新型冠状病毒肺炎流行期间,由于限制性防控措施的干预,RSV感染大大降低.本研究将为RSV疫苗和单克隆抗体等预防性干预手段的使用策略提供基础数据.     

长效促胰岛素降糖酵母的构建及其对糖尿病模型小鼠的治疗效果

益生菌生物药物是指通过口服表达药用多肽(蛋白)的重组益生菌活细胞达到治疗疾病的新型口服给药系统。为了构建一种能有效防治2型糖尿病的酵母生物药物,文章首先构建了酿酒酵母(S.cerevisiae)整合型表达载体pNK1-PGK,并且通过绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)证明其表达功能正常,利用该载体将10×GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide-1)基因转化到酿酒酵母INVSc1中,通过营养缺陷型和Western blotting成功筛选出表达10×GLP-1的长效促胰岛素降糖酵母(Long-acting GLP-1 hypoglycemic yeast, LHY)。该酵母生长迅速,外源基因10×GLP-1表达稳定,表达量达到1.56 mg/g细胞湿重。通过链脲佐菌素和高脂高糖饮食联合诱导的方法构建了2型糖尿病小鼠模型,用LHY对其进行口服灌胃治疗,证明LHY具有较好疗效,明显降低血糖水平。     

Barium Bismuth Niobate Double Perovskite/Tungsten Oxide Nanosheet Photoanode for High‐Performance Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Recently, a new method to effectively engineer the bandgap of barium bismuth niobate (BBNO) double perovskite was reported. However, the planar electrodes based on BBNO thin films show low photocurrent densities for water oxidation owing to their poor electrical conductivity. Here, it is reported that the photoelectrochemical (PEC) activity of BBNO‐based electrodes can be dramatically enhanced by coating thin BBNO layers on tungsten oxide (WO₃) nanosheets to solve the poor conductivity issue while maintaining strong light absorption. The PEC activity of BBNO/WO₃ nanosheet photoanodes can be further enhanced by applying Co_0.8Mn_0.2O_x nanoparticles as a co‐catalyst. A photocurrent density of 6.02 mA cm^?2 at 1.23 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)) is obtained using three optically stacked, but electrically parallel, BBNO/WO₃ nanosheet photoanodes. The BBNO/WO₃ nanosheet photoanodes also exhibit excellent stability in a high‐pH alkaline solution; the photoanodes demonstrate negligible photocurrent density decay while under continuous PEC operation for more than 7 h. This work suggests a viable approach to improve the PEC performance of BBNO absorber‐based devices.