短期增温对中亚热带杉木人工幼林土壤氮磷耦合作用的影响

全球变暖引起陆地生态系统和整个生物圈一系列生态问题,未来全球平均气温的持续增加将使这些问题进一步加剧。目前增温、氮沉降和森林更新方式对中亚热带土壤氮磷等养分的影响已有部分研究,但增温对亚热带森林的氮磷耦合作用的影响仍然未知。以中亚热带杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolate)幼苗为研究对象,设置埋设电缆以加热土壤增温实验(增温幅度(5±0.5)℃),研究短期增温对土壤含水量、微生物生物量氮(MBN)、微生物生物量磷(MBP)、土壤氮磷养分,以及氮(N)、磷(P)耦合作用的影响。结果表明:短期增温对全氮、全磷无显著影响;增温第1年显著提高了有效氮、铵态氮(NH_4~+)和有效磷的含量,显著降低了MBN含量。增温第2年,土壤中有效磷、NH_4~+和MBP含量显著下降;短期增温虽然对土壤全N/P,有效N/P的影响不显著,但是增温使铵态氮/硝态亚硝态氮(NH_4~+/(NO_3~-+NO_2~-))显著降低;此外,增温显著降低了MBN/MBP,缓解了微生物对磷的限制。相关性分析表明,耦合作用不仅受N和P之间相互作用的影响,也受土壤温度、水分含量等其他因素的影响。研究表明,短期增温并未对中亚热带杉木人工幼林土壤氮磷耦合作用产生显著影响,但增温后降低了有效氮、有效磷的含量。因此,在未来全球变暖背景下,研究结果为中亚热带森林生态系统的的健康发展和科学管理提供重要的理论依据。     

单个植入前胚胎mRNA差异显示方法的建立

在已有的研究基础上,优化和建立了单个植入前胚胎的mRNA差异显示（single preimplantation embryo differential display polymerase chain raction,SPEDDRT-PCR）.以小鼠单个成熟的卵母细胞和单个的2细胞期胚胎作为起始材料,比较二者之间基因的表达差异.选择在卵母细胞中不表达而在2细胞期表达的差异片段.进行GenBank检索和表达序列标签(EST)库电子克隆.与多胚研究方法一样,由线粒体编码的和2细胞特异表达的NADH脱氢酶亚单位2和ATPase 6证实了SPEDDRT-PCR方法是可行而且可靠的,是一种需要材料极少、应用广泛而有效的基因分离方法.     

中国中气门螨新纪录(蜱螨亚纲:革螨股)

报道中国中气门螨8新纪录种.     

原虫穴螨属一新种(蜱螨亚纲: 虫穴螨科)

记述原虫穴螨属1新种长白原虫穴螨Prozercon changbaiensis, sp. nov..该属为我国首次记录.模式标本保存于辽宁省沈阳农业大学植物保护学院.     

Enzymatic enantioselective transcyanation of silicon-containing aliphatic ketone with (S)-hydroxynitrile lyase from Manihot esculenta

(S)-Hydroxynitrile lyase from Manihot esculenta (MeHNL) was shown for the first time to be able to catalyze the enantioselective transcyanation of acetyltrimethylsilane (ATMS) with acetone cyanohydrin to form (S)-2-trimethylsilyl-2-hydroxyl-propionitrile in an aqueous/organic biphasic system. To better understand the reaction, various influential variables were examined. The most suitable organic phase, optimal buffer pH, aqueous phase content, shaking rate, temperature, concentration of ATMS, acetone cyanohydrin and crude enzyme were diisopropyl ether (DIPE), 5.4, 13% (v/v), 190 rpm, 40°C, 10 mM, 20 mM, and 35 U/ml, respectively, under which the initial reaction rate, substrate conversion and product enantiomeric excess (e.e.) were 19.5 mM/h, 99.0% and 93.5%, respectively. A comparative study demonstrated that silicon atoms in the substrate had a great effect on the reaction, and that ATMS was a much better substrate for MeHNL than its carbon analogue 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone (DMBO) with respect to the initial reaction rate, substrate conversion and product e.e. MeHNL has greater affinity towards ATMS than its carbon analogue as indicated by the much lower K_m. The activation energy of MeHNL-catalyzed transcyanation of ATMS was also markedly lower than that of DMBO. The silicon effect on the reaction was rationalized on the basis of the special characteristics of silicon atoms and the catalytic mechanism of MeHNL.     

Invasive herb <Emphasis Type="Italic">Impatiens glandulifera</Emphasis> has minimal impact on multiple components of temperate forest ecosystem function

Forests understories in Europe are known to generally resist invasion, though some alien plants do invade woodland communities. Here we focused on the impact of the widespread invasive annual Impatiens glandulifera, common along watercourses, but recently spreading in forests up to timberline. We investigated its impact on plant–soil feedback and ecosystem functioning. We recorded >40 variables focusing on: soil characteristics, including micro- and macro-nutrients; characteristics of litter layer and enzyme activity in litter; and richness and species composition of the forest understory. Three treatments were followed for 3 years: plots invaded by I. glandulifera; adjacent invader removal plots within the invaded area; and spatially separated uninvaded plots outside the invaded area. The effect of year-to-year variation was generally greater than that of the treatments, especially in soil and litter characteristics. Copper and boron were higher in invaded than invader removal and uninvaded plots, though in quantities that are unlikely to harm other plants. We found no effect of I. glandulifera on litter characteristics or enzyme activity. Despite almost 80% cover of I. glandulifera, we did not detect any difference in species richness and total vegetation cover between invaded and uninvaded plots. The floristic composition differed among the uninvaded, invader removal and invaded plots across 3 years. Our results indicate that the effect of I. glandulifera on the forest community studied was minor, and largely resulted from its increased shading to other plant species. In conclusion, we show how misleading the evaluation of impacts can be if based on a single season.     

小鼠胚胎体外发育培养基中氨基酸含量变化

通过检测哺乳动物早期胚胎体外发育过程中可以消耗或生成某些氨基酸的含量,可以了解胚胎的发育潜能。利用反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)检测KSOMaa培养基中17种氨基酸含量的变化,了解昆明小白鼠(Mus musculus)植入前胚胎体外培养过程中氨基酸含量的变化,旨在寻找一种能有效支持昆明小鼠胚胎体外发育的培养基氨基酸组成,优化小鼠胚胎体外培养体系。将180枚原核胚分为9组,体外培养至囊胚,分别于胚胎发育不同时期取样做高效液相色谱分析。这些氨基酸在胚胎发育不同时期的培养基中含量变化可分为5种类型:①在2细胞期增加但在4细胞期、8～16细胞期减少,囊胚期又增加的氨基酸(甘氨酸、亮氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸);②在胚胎发育各个时期均下降(谷氨酸、甲硫氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸);③在胚胎发育各个时期均增加(丝氨酸、赖氨酸、丙氨酸);④2细胞期含量减少而在其他时期持续增加(天冬氨酸、脯氨酸、色氨酸);⑤囊胚期减少,其他时期都有增加(异亮氨酸)。     

尾足螨股中国五新记录种

Five new record species of the cohort Uropodina from China are described and figured:Polyaspinus higginsi Camin,Trichouropoda calcarata Hirschmann et Nicol Z.,Trichouropoda bipilis (Vitzthum),Nenteria stylifera (Berlese) and Nenteria breviunguiculata (Willmann).     

诃子中总多酚含量的测定及其超声提取工艺的研究

目的：利用超声波辅助法提取诃子中总多酚。方法：考察了超声波的提取时间、乙醇浓度、料液比三个单因素对多酚提取率的影响,并在单因素实验基础上进行正交实验。结果：确立了诃子中总多酚的最佳工艺条件为：60%乙醇;料液比为1：20;超声提取60min。总多酚得率为13.27%。结论：此提取方法能够避免多酚在高温下的分解,极大地缩短了提取时间。     

再引入黑颈长尾雉夏季栖息地选择

2008年6～7月,在广西岑王老山国家级自然保护区采用样带法对再引入黑颈长尾雉(Syrmaticus humiae)的栖息地选择进行了研究。共测定了7条样带上的22个栖息地样方和17个对照样方的24个生态因子。结果表明,再引入黑颈长尾雉的夏季栖息地偏向于选择海拔低、坡位低、乔木较低和灌木较高、落叶盖度较大、灌木层盖度大、草本高且盖度大的阔叶林、针阔混交林或者针叶林;逐步判别分析的结果显示坡位、草本层盖度是重要的生态因子,由这两个变量构成的方程在对栖息地和对照区进行区分时,正判率可以达到77.3%,这种选择与黑颈长尾雉的隐蔽条件和食物密切相关。