青厉螨属一新种：（蜱螨亚纲：厉螨科）

本文记述青厉螨属一新种——顾氏青厉螨Qinghailaelaps gui sp.nov.,其特征:背板刚毛除F_2外,位于前足体的毛较后半体的明显粗长;生殖腹板与肛板间距为肛孔长的2倍;腹表皮刚毛约95对;寄生于未订名熊蜂体上。模式标本采自宁夏海原县,保存在宁夏回族自治区地方病防治所和贵阳医学院寄生虫学教研室。     

The Effects of Temperature on Blepharisma intermedium

SYNOPSIS. An initial rise in temperature increases the reproductive rate in Blepharisma intermedium; after it reaches the maximum, it gradually declines and finally fission is blocked. Cytochemical investigations made on Blepharisma acclimated to 28 C—the temperature at which the reproductive rate is maximum—show that conditions are optimum for cell division. Requisite quantities of glycogen, basic proteins, unsaturated lipids, enzymes alkaline and acid phosphatases are present. At 38 C the cell metabolism is altered, there is a decrease in the quantity of glycogen reserves, proteins and lipids, the enzyme activity diminishes, the free amino acid pattern changes and cell division is blocked. However, this block is transitory. Upon return to room temperature and when fresh culture medium is added, after a lag of 3 days, the cell metabolism becomes normal and the ciliates resume fission.     

德巴利汉逊酵母的两个变种及其相关种的脉冲电泳核型比较分析

摘要:用CHEF(钳位均匀电场)脉冲电泳系统分析了德巴利汉逊酵母的两个变种及两个相关种的脉冲电泳核型。对每个分类群的染色体条数,染色体DNA的分子量大小范围及整个基因组大小作出了估算,结果如下:Debaryomyces hansenii(Zopf) Lodder et Kreger-van Rij var. hansenii具有6-7条染色体,分子量范围为1.2-2.6(个别3.5)Mb,整个基因组大小为I 0.6-14.9Mb;D. hansenii var. fabryi (Ota) Nakase et Suzuki具有7条染色体,分子量范围为0.7-2.4M b,整个基因组大小为12.0-12.7Mb;D. nepalensis Goto et Sugiyama具有6-8条染色体,分子量范围为(个别0.2)1.1-2.7Mb,整个基因组大小为10.6-11.0Mb;Candida saitoana Nakase et Suzuki具有10-11条染色体,分子量范围为0.6-3.6Mb,整个基因组大小为18.1-18.9Mb.本研究表明C. saitoana与上述德巴利酵母属的三个分类群在脉冲电泳核型上具有明显差异,而后三者之间在染色体DNA带型上却没有发现有价值的区别之处.     

Effect of host availability on reproduction and survival of the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma minutum

Abstract.

• 1 We tested the hypothesis that females of the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma minutum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), could adjust their fecundity schedule according to host availability and that there was a negative correlation between reproduction and survival in these wasps.
• 2 Newly-emerged females were provided with an unlimited or limited number of hosts in the first trial and with either unlimited, limited or zero hosts in the second trial.
• 3 When hosts were unlimited, wasps had the highest rate of reproduction in the first day, which decreased dramatically thereafter. When hosts were limited, wasps from the two trials differed in their response. In Trial I, females with limited hosts had lower first-day fecundity than, and the same subsequent-day fecundity as, those with unlimited hosts. However, in Trial II, females with limited host had a lower first-day but a higher subsequent-day fecundity than those with unlimited hosts. This indicates variation in Trichogramma's ability to shift its fecundity schedule in response to host availability.
• 4 There was a positive (rather than a negative) correlation between reproduction and survival. Wasps that oviposited (in host-unlimited treatment) had greater longevity than those that could not (in host-unavailable treatment).
• 5 The sex ratio of the progeny produced by wasps in both host-unlimited and limited treatments shifted gradually from a female to a male bias as the wasps aged.
• 6 We consider the ability of parasitoids to adjust their fecundity schedule as an adaptation to changing host resources and discuss our findings with regard to theories of life history evolution.

     

ε-聚赖氨酸抑菌性能的研究进展

ε-聚赖氨酸(ε-poly-L-lysine,ε-PL)是抑菌谱广泛的天然抑菌剂,由通过α-羧基与ε-氨基连接的25–35个赖氨酸聚合而成。ε-PL主要由白色链霉菌发酵生产所得,比化学生产更加高效和环保。ε-PL具有水溶性好、耐热和对环境无污染等特点,具有良好的应用前景。本文从发酵生产入手,着重综述了ε-PL对各种微生物抑菌性能、抑菌机制及抑菌机制模型的研究进展。推测ε-PL是通过对细胞膜的破坏而改变细胞的通透性,或者作用到细胞内引起活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)胁迫而影响调节基因的表达,从而起到抑菌作用。根据这2种抑菌方式分别建立了相应的抑菌模型,即毡毯模型和ROS诱导细胞凋亡模型。本文可为ε-PL对微生物抑制性能的深入研究提供依据,同时也提出了ε-PL抑菌机制的新模型,为扩展ε-PL应用领域提供了一定的参考。     

糜子黄、黑种皮遗传及转录组学分析

同源异型域-亮氨酸拉链(homedomain-leucine zipper,HD-Zip)转录因子广泛参与植物的生长发育和抗胁迫过程。该研究通过生物信息学方法对青稞HD-Zip基因家族进行全基因组分析鉴定,并采用qRT-PCR技术分析非生物胁迫下该基因的表达特性,为深入探讨青稞HD-Zip转录因子的生物学功能及其在高原作物抗逆育种中的应用奠定基础。结果表明：(1)成功从青稞基因组中共鉴定出41个HD-Zip基因家族成员,依次命名为i>HvvHD-ZipⅠ-1~Ⅳ-13,且这些基因在7条染色体上呈不均匀分布。(2)理化性质分析发现,HvvHD-Zip蛋白包含197～885个不等的氨基酸残基;分子量范围在19 914.36～94 014.87 Da;亚细胞定位表明HvvHD-Zip蛋白都位于细胞核。(3)根据多序列比对、系统进化、基因结构和保守基序差异将其聚为4个亚家族,各亚家族分类特征与系统聚类结果一致。(4)顺式作用元件预测分析发现,i>HvvHD-Zip基因启动子中含有11种植物激素和胁迫响应元件。(5)qRT-PCR结果显示,HvvHD-Zip Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ亚家族基因对各胁迫响应明显;与根组织相比,多数i>HvvHD-Zip基因在叶组织中响应明显(上调或下调);与冷和盐胁迫相比,i>HvvHD-Zip各基因对旱胁迫响应较强。     

中国土厉螨属一新种（蜱螨亚纲：厉螨科）

本文记述中国土厉螨属１新种,王氏土厉螨Ｏｌｏｌａｅｌｅｐｓｗａｎｇｉ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,新种的模式标本保存在宁夏回族自治区地方病防治所。     

抗生素和高脂饮食对大鼠肠道乳杆菌多样性的影响

【目的】对正常、高脂、抗生素处理大鼠肠道内乳杆菌进行定性和定量分析,比较不同处理组大鼠肠道乳杆菌的多样性。【方法】应用纯培养和非培养技术(16S r RNA基因序列分析、变性梯度凝胶电泳、实时荧光定量PCR)对大鼠肠道乳杆菌进行分离鉴定和多样性分析。【结果】16S r RNA基因序列同源性分析结果显示,正常组大鼠肠道内分离出的乳杆菌包括约氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus johnsonii)、鼠乳杆菌(Lactobacillus murinus)、嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus)、罗伊氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus reuteri)、植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)、肠道乳杆菌(Lactobacillus intestinals)、动物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus animalis)和阴道乳杆菌(Lactobacillus vaginalis);但L.animalis在高脂处理组大鼠肠道内未分离到,L.intestinals和L.vaginalis在抗生素处理组大鼠中未分离到。DGGE结果显示3个组别大鼠肠道中乳杆菌构成差异明显,同一组内样品间相似性较高;相较于正常组和高脂组,抗生素组的丰度较差;且正常组大鼠肠道内乳杆菌的多样性高于高脂组和抗生素组。q-PCR结果显示正常组大鼠肠道乳杆菌的数量明显高于高脂组和抗生素组,高脂组的数量也明显高于抗生素组,且3个组别之间存在显著差异(P0.01)。【结论】高脂饮食及抗生素的使用会减少肠道内乳杆菌多样性。     

迁地麋鹿对野鸭湖植被的保护性生物控制

利用食草动物来管理自然保护地的植被平衡具有很大的应用潜力,一方面可提升动物的生态价值,另一方面通过控制取食规模,改变植被的生物多样性,达到对自然保护地生态平衡管理的目的。基于此于2021年6月5日引入4头麋鹿(2雄2雌),对野鸭湖自然保护区的“芦苇优势群落”采取保护性的生物控制研究,从项目的实施来看：1)单纯收割不能控制芦苇的生长扩张;对芦苇区系植物多样性的影响有限,未改变芦苇区系结构;2)麋鹿引入该区域后,通过取食、游泳、躺卧和踩踏等活动有效控制了芦苇和香蒲的过度扩张;1年后芦苇和香蒲面积下降了21.96%,为三棱水葱、水蓼等提供了生长空间,逐渐形成了仍以芦苇和香蒲为主且更多样的湿地环境;3)增加滩涂和开阔水面等景观,使多样性指数进一步提升,未改变周边区系湿地生态结构;4)麋鹿迁入可降低野鸭湖“脆弱物种”芦苇区系的丰富度,由引入前的(r=3.67)下降到引入后的(r=1.97);麋鹿迁入提升了野鸭湖植被区系物种多样性,芦苇区系的多样性指数由引进前的(r=0.90)上升到引进后的(r=2.11);麋鹿引入的第一年结果显示,整个引入区域的植被多样性指数由r=0.51上升到r=0.91。麋...