新疆天山南坡中段种子植物区系垂直分布格局分析

对植物多样性垂直分布格局及其维持机制的研究可以有效揭示植物物种多样性分布特征及其环境影响因子。本文通过野外调查、查阅标本并结合相关文献资料,对天山南坡中段种子植物区系沿海拔梯度的分布格局进行了系统研究。结果显示,在大区域尺度上,科属种的物种丰富度随海拔升高均呈先增加后减少的趋势,且最高值出现在中低海拔1900~2000 m处;不同生活型植物沿海拔梯度的变化格局有所不同,其中,乔木、一年生草本、藤本及寄生植物表现出随海拔升高物种丰富度逐渐降低的趋势,灌木、多年生草本及二年生草本植物物种丰富度则呈先增加后减少的变化趋势;从植物区系地理成分来看,世界分布所占的比重沿海拔梯度升高呈先增加后减少的趋势;温带地理成分所占的比重沿海拔梯度升高呈缓慢上升趋势;古地中海地理成分所占的比重沿海拔梯度升高呈先增加后减少然后再增加的变化趋势;热带地理成分所占的比重沿海拔升高呈逐渐下降的趋势;东亚地理成分所占的比重沿海拔梯度升高呈先增加后减少然后再增加的变化趋势。对该分布格局与当地干旱的气候条件及海拔梯度上热量和水分条件的变化相适应。     

新疆焉耆盆地种子植物区系特征分析

焉耆盆地位于新疆天山中段南麓,在植被地理区划上属于新疆暖温带灌木、半灌木荒漠区,其独特的自然地理位置和生态环境孕育了较为丰富的植物资源,研究其种子植物区系多样性分布特点对该区植物资源保护及可持续开发利用具有极其重要的意义。本研究通过野外实地调查及查阅相关文献资料,对新疆焉耆盆地的种子植物区系分布特点进行了系统分析。结果显示,该区种子植物约有1035种,隶属于80科373属,其中新疆特有种有38种,占新疆特有种总种数的14.18%。区系地理成分中,在科级水平上,焉耆盆地种子植物80科可划分为6个分布区类型和7个变型,并以温带地理成分为主(共有22个科),占该区非世界分布科总科数的57.89%;在属级水平上,焉耆盆地种子植物373属可划分为12个分布区类型和17个变型,并以温带地理成分为主(共197属),占非世界分布属总属数的62.54%。焉耆盆地种子植物生活型中,草本植物占优势,共有901种,占该区种子植物总种数的87.05%;灌木有110种(占10.63%),乔木17种(占1.64%),藤本7种(占0.68%)。焉耆盆地种子植物生态类型中,中生类型676种,占该区种子植物总种数的65.31%;旱生类型有191种(占18.45%),湿生类型123种(占11.88%),水生类型45种(占4.35%)。     

Extracellular vesicles from bone mesenchymal stem cells transport microRNA-206 into osteosarcoma cells and target NRSN2 to block the ERK1/2-Bcl-xL signaling pathway

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a kind of malignant tumor originating from mesenchymal tissues. Bone mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles (BMSCs-EVs) can play important roles in OS. This study investigated the mechanism of BMSCs-EVs on OS. BMSC surface antigens and adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation were detected by flow cytometry, and oil red O and alizarin red staining. EVs were isolated from BMSCs by differential centrifugation and identified by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and Western blot (WB). miR-206 and neurensin-2 (NRSN2) levels in human osteoblast hFOB 1.19 or OS cells (143B, MG-63, Saos2, HOS) were detected by RT-qPCR. Human OS cells with lower miR-206 levels were selected and treated with BMSCs-EVs or pSUPER-NRSN2. The uptake of EVs by 143B cells, cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration were detected by immunofluorescence, 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU) and colony formation assays, flow cytometry, scratch test, and transwell assays. The binding sites between miR-206 and NRSN2 were predicted by Starbase database and verified by dual-luciferase assay. The OS xenograft model was established and treated with BMSCs-EVs. Tumor growth rate and volume, cell proliferation, and p-ERK1/2, ERK1/2, and Bcl-xL levels were detected by vernier caliper, immunohistochemistry, and WB. BMSCs-EVs were successfully extracted. miR-206 was diminished and NRSN2 was promoted in OS cells. BMSCs-EVs inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion, and promoted apoptosis of OS cells. BMSCs-EVs carried miR-206 into OS cells. Inhibition of miR-206 in EVs partially reversed the inhibitory effect of EVs on malignant behaviors of OS cells. miR-206 targeted NRSN2. Overexpression of NRSN2 reversed the inhibitory effect of EVs on OS cells. NRSN2 activated the ERK1/2-Bcl-xL pathway. BMSC-EVs inhibited OS growth in vivo. In summary, BMSC-EVs targeted NRSN2 and inhibited the ERK1/2-Bcl-xL pathway by carrying miR-206 into OS cells, thus inhibiting OS progression.Key words: Osteosarcoma, bone mesenchymal stem cells, extracellular vesicle, miR-206, NRSN2, ERK1/2- Bcl-xL     

Research on the establishment of chronic stress‐induced premature ovarian failure the rat model and effects of Chinese medicine Muniziqi treatment

The purposes of this study were to establish and to explore the biological basis of the chronic stress‐induced premature ovarian failure (POF) model and to explore the therapeutic effects of the traditional Chinese medicine Muniziqi. Sexually matured female Sprague–Dawley rats were fed with spinach and cilantro in cold and wet conditions for about 20 weeks until a chronic stress (CS) model was established. The CS rats were divided into a POF stress model group and a stress model group according to weekly biological characteristics and hormone level detection ( luteinizing hormone [LH], follicle stimulating hormone [FSH], and estrogen [E2]). To investigate the therapeutic effect of Muniziqi, the POF disease stress model group was divided into the high‐, medium‐, and low‐drug intervention groups. The results showed that chronic stresses (special food, cold, damp) can lead to POF disease. The traditional Chinese medicine Muniziqi could not only improve the reproductive hormone level disorder, but also improve the function of the hypothalamus–pituitary–ovarian axis. The underlying mechanism may be a change in the E2, LH, and FSH hormone levels in serum and lower expression of ovarian premature aging‐related protein PFN‐1.