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1.
Amy E. Zanne Kessy Abarenkov Michelle E. Afkhami Carlos A. Aguilar‐Trigueros Scott Bates Jennifer M. Bhatnagar Posy E. Busby Natalie Christian William K. Cornwell Thomas W. Crowther Habacuc Flores‐Moreno Dimitrios Floudas Romina Gazis David Hibbett Peter Kennedy Daniel L. Lindner Daniel S. Maynard Amy M. Milo Rolf Henrik Nilsson Jeff Powell Mark Schildhauer Jonathan Schilling Kathleen K. Treseder 《Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society》2020,95(2):409-433
Fungi play many essential roles in ecosystems. They facilitate plant access to nutrients and water, serve as decay agents that cycle carbon and nutrients through the soil, water and atmosphere, and are major regulators of macro‐organismal populations. Although technological advances are improving the detection and identification of fungi, there still exist key gaps in our ecological knowledge of this kingdom, especially related to function . Trait‐based approaches have been instrumental in strengthening our understanding of plant functional ecology and, as such, provide excellent models for deepening our understanding of fungal functional ecology in ways that complement insights gained from traditional and ‐omics‐based techniques. In this review, we synthesize current knowledge of fungal functional ecology, taxonomy and systematics and introduce a novel database of fungal functional traits (FunFun). FunFun is built to interface with other databases to explore and predict how fungal functional diversity varies by taxonomy, guild, and other evolutionary or ecological grouping variables. To highlight how a quantitative trait‐based approach can provide new insights, we describe multiple targeted examples and end by suggesting next steps in the rapidly growing field of fungal functional ecology. 相似文献
2.
Tree diversity and species identity effects on soil fungi,protists and animals are context dependent
Leho Tedersoo Mohammad Bahram Tomá? Cajthaml Sergei P?lme Indrek Hiiesalu Sten Anslan Helery Harend Franz Buegger Karin Pritsch Julia Koricheva Kessy Abarenkov 《The ISME journal》2016,10(2):346-362
Plant species richness and the presence of certain influential species (sampling effect) drive the stability and functionality of ecosystems as well as primary production and biomass of consumers. However, little is known about these floristic effects on richness and community composition of soil biota in forest habitats owing to methodological constraints. We developed a DNA metabarcoding approach to identify the major eukaryote groups directly from soil with roughly species-level resolution. Using this method, we examined the effects of tree diversity and individual tree species on soil microbial biomass and taxonomic richness of soil biota in two experimental study systems in Finland and Estonia and accounted for edaphic variables and spatial autocorrelation. Our analyses revealed that the effects of tree diversity and individual species on soil biota are largely context dependent. Multiple regression and structural equation modelling suggested that biomass, soil pH, nutrients and tree species directly affect richness of different taxonomic groups. The community composition of most soil organisms was strongly correlated due to similar response to environmental predictors rather than causal relationships. On a local scale, soil resources and tree species have stronger effect on diversity of soil biota than tree species richness per se. 相似文献
3.
Rolf Henrik Nilsson Martin Ryberg Kessy Abarenkov Elisabet Sjökvist & Erik Kristiansson 《FEMS microbiology letters》2009,296(1):97-101
In a previous work, it was observed that the swarming of polyamine-deficient Proteus mirabilis ( speB :: sm ) was severely inhibited on Luria–Bertani (LB) swarming plates (LBSw) (LB, 0.5% glucose, 0.5% agar), and it was clarified that extracellular putrescine was important as a signaling molecule for the induction of swarming in P. mirabilis . However, a polyamine-deficient strain (delta- speAB delta- speC ) of Escherichia coli swarmed as well as the parental strain on LBSw plates. We report that the swarming phenotype of a polyamine-deficient E. coli strain is dependent on spermidine and PotABCD, a spermidine importer. 相似文献
4.
Vilmar Veldre Kessy Abarenkov Mohammad Bahram Florent Martos Marc-Andre Selosse Heidi Tamm Urmas Kõljalg Leho Tedersoo 《Fungal Ecology》2013,6(4):256-268
Fungi from the Ceratobasidiaceae family have important ecological roles as pathogens, saprotrophs, non-mycorrhizal endophytes, orchid mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal symbionts, but little is known about the distribution and evolution of these nutritional modes. All public ITS sequences of Ceratobasidiaceae were downloaded from databases, annotated with ecological and taxonomic metadata, and tested for the non-random phylogenetic distribution of nutritional modes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed six main clades within Ceratobasidiaceae and a poor correlation between molecular phylogeny and morphological–cytological characters traditionally used for taxonomy. Sequences derived from soil (representing putative saprotrophs) and orchid mycorrhiza clustered together, but remained distinct from pathogens. All nutritional modes were phylogenetically conserved in the Ceratobasidiaceae based on at least one index. Our analyses suggest that in general, autotrophic orchids form root symbiosis with available Ceratobasidiaceae isolates in soil. Ectomycorrhiza-forming capability has evolved twice within the Ceratobasidiaceae and it had a strong influence on the evolution of mycoheterotrophy and host specificity in certain orchid taxa. 相似文献
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Urmas Kõljalg R. Henrik Nilsson Kessy Abarenkov Leho Tedersoo Andy F. S. Taylor Mohammad Bahram Scott T. Bates Thomas D. Bruns Johan Bengtsson‐Palme Tony M. Callaghan Brian Douglas Tiia Drenkhan Ursula Eberhardt Margarita Dueñas Tine Grebenc Gareth W. Griffith Martin Hartmann Paul M. Kirk Petr Kohout Ellen Larsson Björn D. Lindahl Robert Lücking María P. Martín P. Brandon Matheny Nhu H. Nguyen Tuula Niskanen Jane Oja Kabir G. Peay Ursula Peintner Marko Peterson Kadri Põldmaa Lauri Saag Irja Saar Arthur Schüßler James A. Scott Carolina Senés Matthew E. Smith Ave Suija D. Lee Taylor M. Teresa Telleria Michael Weiss Karl‐Henrik Larsson 《Molecular ecology》2013,22(21):5271-5277
The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region is the formal fungal barcode and in most cases the marker of choice for the exploration of fungal diversity in environmental samples. Two problems are particularly acute in the pursuit of satisfactory taxonomic assignment of newly generated ITS sequences: (i) the lack of an inclusive, reliable public reference data set and (ii) the lack of means to refer to fungal species, for which no Latin name is available in a standardized stable way. Here, we report on progress in these regards through further development of the UNITE database ( http://unite.ut.ee ) for molecular identification of fungi. All fungal species represented by at least two ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are now given a unique, stable name of the accession number type (e.g. Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus|GU586904|SH133781.05FU), and their taxonomic and ecological annotations were corrected as far as possible through a distributed, third‐party annotation effort. We introduce the term ‘species hypothesis’ (SH) for the taxa discovered in clustering on different similarity thresholds (97–99%). An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These reference sequences are released ( http://unite.ut.ee/repository.php ) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and in the QIIME pipeline. The system and the data will be updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows. We invite everybody in the position to improve the annotation or metadata associated with their particular fungal lineages of expertise to do so through the new Web‐based sequence management system in UNITE. 相似文献
7.
Kessy Radegunda F. Ochieng Justus Afari-Sefa Victor Chagomoka Takemore Nenguwo Ngoni 《Economic botany》2018,72(4):367-379
Economic Botany - This paper analyzes rural households’ awareness, perceptions, and factors influencing decisions to purchase solar-dried traditional African vegetables (TAVs). Solar-dried... 相似文献
8.
Studies on the resting behaviour and host choice of Anopheles gambiae and An. arabiensis from Muleba,Tanzania 下载免费PDF全文
J. D. Charlwood E. Kessy K. Yohannes N. Protopopoff M. Rowland C. LeClair 《Medical and veterinary entomology》2018,32(3):263-270
The relative efficacy of a mechanical (Prokopack) collection method vs. manual aspiration in the collection of resting mosquitoes was evaluated in northern Tanzania before and after an intervention using indoor residual spraying and longlasting insecticide‐treated nets. In smoke‐free houses mosquitoes were collected from the roof and walls, but in smoky houses mosquitoes were found predominantly on the walls. Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) constituted 97.7% of the 312 An. gambiae complex specimens identified before but only 19.3% of the 183 identified after the intervention. A single sampling with the Prokopack collected a third of the available insects. Anopheles gambiae completed its gonotrophic development indoors, whereas Anopheles arabiensis did so outdoors. In both species gonotrophic development took 2 days. Most unfed resting An. arabiensis collected outdoors were virgins, whereas the majority of engorged insects were parous (with well‐contracted sacs). Daily survival was estimated to be 80.0%. Only 9.4% of the engorged An. arabiensis collected outdoors and 47.1% of those collected indoors had fed on humans. Using the Prokopack sampler is more efficient than manual methods for the collection of resting mosquitoes. Malaria transmission may have been affected by a change in vector composition resulting from a change in feeding, rather than reduced survival. Monitoring the proportions of members of the An. gambiae complex may provide signals of an impending breakdown in control. 相似文献
9.
Effects of intravulvo-submucosal cloprostenol injections on hormonal profiles and fertility in subestrous cattle 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Eighty-two subestrous cattle were treated with different doses of cloprostenol through intramuscular (i.m.) and intravulvo-submucosal (i.v.s.m.) injections to study hormonal profile and fertility. The study was divided into two experiments. In Experiment I, 13 cows were treated with one of three doses of cloprostenol (500 mug i.m., 125 and 62.5 mug i.v.s.m.) to measure response of progesterone (P(4)) and estradiol (E(2)). P(4) decreased abruptly and E(2) levels increased from basal levels following injections of the two larger doses of cloprostenol. P(4) decreased to<5 nmol/l approximately 72 h after treatment. E(2) levels increased to >300 pmol/l 24 h after cloprostenol injections except in cows treated with 62.5 mug dose. Close agreement was observed between P(4) profiles and clinical findings following 500 and 125 mug of cloprostenol treatment. In Experiment II, 69 subestrous cows were treated with either 500 mug i.m. or 250, 125 or 62.5 mug i.v.s.m. doses of cloprostenol. The percent of cows in estrus 96 h following treatment were 60, 80, 67.8 and 18%, respectively. A total of 29 cows were artificially inseminated and 41.3% conceived. We concluded that i.v.s.m. injections of cloprostenol at the dosage of 125 mug and above causes luteolysis, induces estrus and establishes fertility in subestrous cattle. The method is economical but time consuming when compared to the intramuscular route. 相似文献
10.
Bengtsson J Eriksson KM Hartmann M Wang Z Shenoy BD Grelet GA Abarenkov K Petri A Rosenblad MA Nilsson RH 《Antonie van Leeuwenhoek》2011,100(3):471-475
The ribosomal small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene has emerged as an important genetic marker for taxonomic identification in environmental
sequencing datasets. In addition to being present in the nucleus of eukaryotes and the core genome of prokaryotes, the gene
is also found in the mitochondria of eukaryotes and in the chloroplasts of photosynthetic eukaryotes. These three sets of
genes are conceptually paralogous and should in most situations not be aligned and analyzed jointly. To identify the origin
of SSU sequences in complex sequence datasets has hitherto been a time-consuming and largely manual undertaking. However,
the present study introduces Metaxa (), an automated software tool to extract full-length and partial SSU sequences from larger sequence datasets and assign them
to an archaeal, bacterial, nuclear eukaryote, mitochondrial, or chloroplast origin. Using data from reference databases and
from full-length organelle and organism genomes, we show that Metaxa detects and scores SSU sequences for origin with very
low proportions of false positives and negatives. We believe that this tool will be useful in microbial and evolutionary ecology
as well as in metagenomics. 相似文献