大豆灰斑病抗性遗传的三点测交分析

本实验利用三点测交分析的方法, 对3个组合在人工接种大豆灰斑病菌的条件下的抗性表现进行基因效应分析,各组合均存在加性,组合1存在显性,组合2、3存在上位性。 Abstract:In this paper,Triple Test Cross Design was used in studing the resistance of soybean to 10 physiological race of Cercospora Sojina Haraby inoculation.Results o analysis of gene effects of resistance indicated that additive effect is significant in all the three crosses,dominant effect exsists only in the cross 1 and epistatic effect remains in the cross 2 and cross 3.     

不同形式混合资料遗传力的估计方法

本文探讨了用一种特殊形式资料估计遗传力的方法,亦可作为为扩大样本含量,充分利用不同来源且形式不同资料合并估计遗传力的方法。     

连锁值——表述基因连锁强度的新参数

在遗传学中,同一染色体上基因之间的连锁强度是用交换率表示的.一般而言,交换率越高,基因连锁强度越低.但交换率不是基因连锁强度的最方便的量度,因为利用交换率来计算具有连锁交换现象的杂交后代分离比例时,必须区分相引组和相斥组两种不同的亲本交配情形.在相引组,一个亲本具有两个显性性状,另一个亲本具有两个隐性性状;在相斥组,两个亲本各具有一个显性性状和一个隐性性状。这两种情形下的配子比例和F_2分     

刺激家兔中脑导水管周围灰质抑制束旁核伤害性放电的脊髓上机制

本工作比较了家兔脊髓背侧1/2进行横切前后刺激中脑中央灰质对束旁核伤害性放电的抑制率的改变。实验表明中央灰质既可通过公认的脊髓下行纤维抑制脊髓水平的痛传递,减弱束旁核单位的痛敏放电,也可通过某种脊髓上机制实现对束旁核的抑制。我们对这两种机制的相对重要性作了分析。用直11个束旁核痛敏单位所作的计算表明,在脊髓切割前,刺激中央灰质可使束旁核痛敏放电抑制67.5%,脊髓背侧1/2横切后,同样的中脑刺激只能使痛敏放电抑制42.9%。如以切割前的抑制率作为直100%,则切割可使抑制减弱36.5%,这一部分抑制应当是由被切断的脊髓下行纤维实现的,其余63.5%则可能主要通过脊髓上机制来实现。考虑到脊髓背半部横切不可能全部切断下行纤维,故实际上脊髓上机制的重要性不会有上述数值表示的那么大。     

Secretory/releasing proteome-based identification of plasma biomarkers in HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma

For successful therapy, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) must be detected at an early stage. Herein, we used a proteomic approach to analyze the secretory/releasing proteome of HCC tissues to identify plasma biomarkers. Serum-free conditioned media (CM) were collected from primary cultures of cancerous tissues and surrounding noncancerous tissues. Proteomic analysis of the CM proteins permitted the identification of 1365 proteins. The enriched molecular functions and biological processes of the CM proteins, such as hydrolase activity and catabolic processes, were consistent with the liver being the most important metabolic organ. Moreover, 19% of the proteins were characterized as extracellular or membrane-bound. For validation, secretory proteins involved in transforming growth factor-β signaling pathways were validated in plasma samples. Alphafetoprotein (AFP), metalloproteinase (MMP)1, osteopontin (OPN), and pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein (PSG)9 were significantly increased in HCC patients. The overall performance of MMP1 and OPN in the diagnosis of HCC remained greater than that of AFP. In addition, this study represents the first report of MMP1 as a biomarker with a higher sensitivity and specificity than AFP. Thus, this study provides a valuable resource of the HCC secretome with the potential to investigate serological biomarkers. MMP1 and OPN could be used as novel biomarkers for the early detection of HCC and to improve the sensitivity of biomarkers compared with AFP.     

A novel strategy to inhibit the reproduction and translation of hepatitis C virus

Hepatitis C virus (HCV), a positive single-stranded RNA virus, is a major cause of liver disease in humans. Herein we report a novel strategy to inhibit the reproduction and translation of HCV using a short RNA, named an Additional RNA, to activate the endonuclease activity of Argonaute 2 (Ago2). In the presence of the Additional RNA, the HCV genome RNA has the requisite 12 nucleotides of base-pairing with microRNA-122. This activates the endonuclease activity of Ago2, resulting in cleavage and release of the HCV genome RNA from Ago2 and microRNA-122. The free HCV genome RNA would be susceptible to intracellular degradation, effectively inhibiting its reproduction and translation. This study presents a new method to inhibit HCV that may hold great potential for HCV treatment in the future.     

Call Characteristic Network Reveal Geographical Patterns of Call Similarity:Applying Network Analysis to Frog’s Call Research

Individual’s phenotypic traits are the results of adaptation to ecological conditions.Therefore,different selection pressures caused by heterogeneous environments may result in phenotypic difference,especially for individuals in different geographical populations.Here,we illustrated for the first time to use social network analysis(SNA)for examining whether geographical proximity predicts the similarity patterns in call characteristics among populations of an anuran species.We recorded calls from 150 male dorsal-striped opposite-fingered treefrogs(Chiromantis doriae)at 11 populations in Hainan Province and one population in Guangdong Province in China's Mainland,and we measured eight acoustic variables for each male.Mantel test didn’t show a correlation between geographical proximity and the similarity in call characteristics among populations.In addition,we failed to find correlations between a population’s eigenvector centrality and the distance to its nearest neighbor,nor between the coefficient of variation of similarity in call characteristics of a population and the average distance to all other populations.Nevertheless,three acoustic clusters were identified by the Girvan-Newman algorithm,and clustering was partially associated with geography.Furthermore,the most central populations were included in the same cluster,but the top betweenness populations were located within different clusters,suggesting that centrality populations are not necessary bridging between clusters.These results demonstrate the potential usefulness of the SNA toolbox and indicate that SNA helps to uncover the patterns that often overlooked in other analytical methods.By using SNA in frog’s call studies,researchers could further uncover the potential relationship in call characteristics between geographical populations,further reveal the effects of ecological factors on call characteristics,and probably enhance our understanding of the adaptive evolution of acoustic signals.     

The group size effect and synchronization of vigilance in the Tibetan wild ass

Vigilance behavior is considered as an effective strategy for prey species to detect predators.An individual benefits from living in a group by reducing the time spent being vigilant without affecting the probability of detecting a predator.However,the mechanism producing a decrease in vigilance with increasing group size is unclear.Many models of vigilance assume that group members scan independently of one another.Yet in recent studies,the other 2 patterns of vigilance,coordination and synchronization,were reported in some species.In 2 summers(2018 and 2019),we studied the group-size effect on vigilance and foraging of Tibetan wild ass in Chang Tang Nature Reserve of Tibet.We also tested whether individuals scan the environment independently,tend to coordinate their scans,or tend to synchronize their vigilance.The results showed that individuals decreased the time spent on vigilance with increasing group size,while increased the time spent foraging.Group members scanned the environment at the same time more frequently and there was a positive correlation between group members'behaviors,indicating that Tibetan wild asses tend to synchronize their vigilance.     

广布中剑水蚤对裸腹和秀体的摄食(英文)

１９９５年６月至９月,在武汉东湖,通过摄食实验和野外调查,作者研究了广布中剑水蚤对裸腹和秀体的摄食。研究结果证实,广布中剑水蚤能够抓取和摄食裸腹和秀体。广布中剑水蚤对小型裸腹的平均摄食率高于大型裸腹。多重统计分析结果表明,广布中剑水蚤对小型和大型裸腹的摄食率有显著差异（Ｐ＝００３３５）,捕食者喜食小型猎物。由于广布中剑水蚤的摄食习性,它对裸腹和秀体的种群动态有重要影响,但随着鱼产量增加,广布中剑水蚤对猎物摄食的影响效果被减弱了。