葡萄糖、维生素C对普安银鲫卵黄囊仔鱼发育中LPL和HL活性的影响

通过设置不同浓度的葡萄糖溶液和维生素C溶液分别添加到普安银鲫的孵化水体中, 直至卵黄囊消失完全, 探究葡萄糖和维生素C溶液分别浸泡对普安银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)卵黄囊仔鱼发育中脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)和肝脂酶(HL)活性的影响. 葡萄糖浓度为0、5、10、15和20 g/L; 维生素C浓度为0、20、25、30和35 mg/L, 记录孵化时间、孵化率及仔鱼成活率, 并测定了最适葡萄糖浓度组、维生素C浓度组与对照组中普安银鲫卵黄囊仔鱼发育中LPL和HL活性. 结果显示: 普安银鲫卵黄囊仔鱼发育中对照组与维生素C组LPL比活力与全活力呈下降-上升的变化趋势, HL比活力与全活力均呈上升趋势. 葡萄糖组LPL和HL比活力与全活力呈上升趋势, 在混合营养期与外源营养期, LPL和HL比活力与全活力显著高于对照组(P0.05), 而维生素C组LPL和HL比活力与全活力仅稍高于对照组, 但HL全活力在内源营养期显著高于对照组(P0.05). 研究表明: 适宜水平的葡萄糖溶液可通过调节脂类代谢酶的活性来维持机体内脂质代谢的动态平衡, 同时适宜水平的维生素C溶液能促进脂质代谢.       

黔西南地区三叠系法郎组竹杆坡段中的康尼克贝类及三叠纪康尼克贝类的分布*

文中描述了采自贵州省兴义市乌沙镇泥麦古剖面和安顺市关岭县麻洼剖面三叠系法郎组竹杆坡段的康尼克贝类腕足动物:Koninckella guizhouensis,Koninckella zhenfengensis和Koninckina sp.。结合牙形石、菊石生物地层及同位素测年等证据,对黔西南地区法郎组竹杆坡段的时代进行了详细讨论,认为其下部属拉丁阶(Ladinian),上部属卡尼阶(Carnian),在此基础上对黔西南地区报道的康尼克贝类的层位进行了讨论。综合全球已报导的三叠纪康尼克贝类化石记录可知,该类群于中三叠世起源于中国黔西南地区,在晚三叠世逐渐繁盛并向特提斯洋西部的欧洲地区和特提斯洋中部的西藏地区进行迁移扩散。受三叠纪末期生物大灭绝影响,康尼克贝类的多样性在瑞替期(Rhaetian)显著降低,直至早侏罗世辛涅缪尔期(Sinemurian)才再度复苏。     

Agrobacterium-mediated sorghum transformation

Agrobacterium tumefaciens was used to genetically transform sorghum. Immature embryos of a public (P898012) and a commercial line (PHI391) of sorghum were used as the target explants. The Agrobacterium strain used was LBA4404 carrying a `Super-binary' vector with a bar gene as a selectable marker for herbicide resistance in the plant cells. A series of parameter tests was used to establish a baseline for conditions to be used in stable transformation experiments. A number of different transformation conditions were tested and a total of 131 stably transformed events were produced from 6175 embryos in these two sorghum lines. Statistical analysis showed that the source of the embryos had a very significant impact on transformation efficiency, with field-grown embryos producing a higher transformation frequency than greenhouse-grown embryos. Southern blot analysis of DNA from leaf tissues of T₀ plants confirmed the integration of the T-DNA into the sorghum genome. Mendelian segregation in the T₁ generation was confirmed by herbicide resistance screening. This is the first report of successful use of Agrobacterium for production of stably transformed sorghum plants. The Agrobacterium method we used yields a higher frequency of stable transformation that other methods reported previously.     

High throughput genetic transformation mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens in maize

A high throughput genetic transformation system in maize has been developed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated T-DNA delivery. With optimized conditions, stable callus transformation frequencies for Hi-II immature embryos averaged approximately 40%, with results in some experiments as high as 50%. The optimized conditions include N6 medium system for Agrobacterium inoculation, co-cultivation, resting and selection steps; no AgNo₃ in the infection medium and adding AgNo₃ in co-cultivation, resting and selection medium; Agrobacterium concentration at 0.5×10⁹ c.f.u. ml^–1 for bacterium inoculation; 100 mg l^–1 carbenicillin used in the medium to eliminate Agrobacterium after inoculation; and 3 days for co-cultivation and 4 days for resting. A combination of all of these conditions resulted in establishing a high throughput transformation system. Over 500 T₀ plants were regenerated and these plants were assayed by transgene expression and some of them were also analyzed by Southern hybridization. T₁ plants were analyzed and transmission of transgenes to the T₁ generation was verified. This represents a highly reproducible and reliable system for genetic transformation of maize Hi-II.     

贵州兴义中三叠世拉丁期兴义动物群粪化石

粪化石是重要的遗迹化石,其内含物信息可为讨论生物行为、生理、相互关系、古环境等提供重要证据,进而对恢复和重建地质历史时期的生态系统等有重要意义。本文首次报道了贵州省兴义市泥麦古剖面中三叠世拉丁期兴义动物群化石层第35自然层的7种不同形态的粪化石。通过观察粪化石的内含物情况,发现其主要由贵州龙骨骼和鱼鳞组成,极少含有无脊椎动物碎片,表明粪化石来源于非壳食性的肉食性动物。依据粪化石的尺寸、缺少螺旋结构及相对较小的内含物碎片等信息,排除动物源是无脊椎动物、大型肉食性鱼类及大型鱼龙类的可能。结合兴义动物群下部化石组合海生爬行类实体化石的信息,进一步推断所研究粪化石的动物源应为非鱼龙的海生爬行动物,很可能是幻龙类、鸥龙类或海龙类。本文报道的7种形态的粪化石显示该下部化石层中的海生爬行动物之间至少存在1级营养等级的差异,这为恢复和重建中三叠世拉丁期海洋生态系统提供了重要依据。另外微生物的参与及泥质含量较高的厌氧环境使得该层的粪化石保存完好。     

贵州盘县中三叠世混鱼龙类研究进展及"Mixosaurus yangjuanensis Liu and Yin,2008"的疑问和相关问题

盘县新民乡羊圈村及其邻区关岭组上段产出两种混鱼龙:Mixosaurus panxianensis Jiang et al.,2006和Phalarodon cf.P.fraasi Merriam,1910.含混鱼龙类化石层时代应为中三叠世安尼期Pelsonian亚期."Mixosaurus yangjuanensis Liu and Yin,2008"命名所依据的正模标本无关键的头骨特征,选取的头后骨骼做鉴定特征对混鱼龙类种一级分类无意义,鉴定特征所依据的基本骨块存在鉴定错误;"Mixosaurus maotaiensis"的厘定应无效;盘县动物群中无Mixosaurus cornalianus出现.     

新鲜分离小鼠胃Cajal间质细胞样细胞的鉴定及其电生理学特性

将免疫荧光及传统全细胞膜片钳技术应用于新鲜分离的小鼠胃Cajal间质细胞样细胞上,探讨了小鼠胃Cajal间质细胞样细胞形态和电生理学特性。经胶原酶消化得到的Cajal间质细胞样细胞胞体呈短梭形,且自胞体发出多个较短的毛刺状突起。免疫细胞化学结果表明,Cajal间质细胞样细胞胞体和突起酪氨酸激酶受体c-kit表达呈阳性。在传统全细胞记录模式、膜电位钳制在-60mV的条件下,可以记录到自发、节律性内向电流,即起搏电流。钙调蛋白抑制剂W-7 （50μmol／L）明显增强了起搏电流幅度并引发明显的内向钳制电流。当电极内液中EGTA的浓度由0．1mmol／L增加到10mmol/L时,也明显增强了起搏电流幅度并引发明显的内向钳制电流。实验结果提示,新鲜分离的小鼠胃Cajal间质细胞样细胞可以产生自发、自律性内向电流,而这种电流对胞内低钙或钙调蛋白抑制剂敏感。这种具有自发性电活动的Cajal间质细胞样细胞可能就是胃Cajal间质细胞。