不同森林群落结构与光能利用率的关系

本文在人工落叶松纯林及人工落叶松与水典柳混交林的林冠观测数据的基础上建立了落叶松松和水曲柳的树冠锥体模型。通过对上述两种森林群落结构的太阳辐射的观测,利用电磁波的吸收,反射和透射理论分别对以上两种森林群落的光能利用率进行了计算。结果表明理论计算值与实测结果基本一致;双层次混交林的光能利用率高于单层纯林的光能利用率。     

祁连山地区植被特征及其分布规律

分析和讨论了祁连山地区主要植被类型及其分布特征。祁连山地区随着青藏高原的强烈隆升表现为整体抬升,植被具有明显的生态地理边缘效应特征和高原地带性规律。该区植被虽然受到四周的较大影响,但各类高寒植被占有绝对优势,表现出与青藏高原植被整体明显的相似性和广泛的一致性。另一方面,本区植被也有其特殊性及与高原面存在一些差异。因此,建议把祁连山地区做为青藏高原植被区的次一级独立单元     

RTKN-1/Rhotekin shields endosome-associated F-actin from disassembly to ensure endocytic recycling

Cargo sorting and the subsequent membrane carrier formation require a properly organized endosomal actin network. To better understand the actin dynamics during endocytic recycling, we performed a genetic screen in C. elegans and identified RTKN-1/Rhotekin as a requisite to sustain endosome-associated actin integrity. Loss of RTKN-1 led to a prominent decrease in actin structures and basolateral recycling defects. Furthermore, we showed that the presence of RTKN-1 thwarts the actin disassembly competence of UNC-60A/cofilin. Consistently, in RTKN-1–deficient cells, UNC-60A knockdown replenished actin structures and alleviated the recycling defects. Notably, an intramolecular interaction within RTKN-1 could mediate the formation of oligomers. Overexpression of an RTKN-1 mutant form that lacks self-binding capacity failed to restore actin structures and recycling flow in rtkn-1 mutants. Finally, we demonstrated that SDPN-1/Syndapin acts to direct the recycling endosomal dwelling of RTKN-1 and promotes actin integrity there. Taken together, these findings consolidated the role of SDPN-1 in organizing the endosomal actin network architecture and introduced RTKN-1 as a novel regulatory protein involved in this process.     

Lithium Doping to Enhance Thermoelectric Performance of MgAgSb with Weak Electron–Phonon Coupling

Despite the unfavorable band structure with twofold degeneracy at the valence band maximum, MgAgSb is still an excellent p‐type thermoelectric material for applications near room temperature. The intrinsically weak electron–phonon coupling, reflected by the low deformation potential E_def ≈ 6.3 eV, plays a crucial role in the relatively high power factor of MgAgSb. More importantly, Li is successfully doped into Mg site to tune the carrier concentration, leading to the resistivity reduction by a factor of 3 and a consequent increase in power factor by ≈30% at 300 K. Low lattice thermal conductivity can be simultaneously achieved by all‐scale hierarchical phonon scattering architecture including high density of dislocations and nanoscale stacking faults, nanoinclusions, and multiscale grain boundaries. Collectively, much higher average power factor ≈25 μW cm^?1 K^?2 with a high average ZT ≈ 1.1 from 300 to 548 K is achieved for 0.01 Li doping, which would result in a high output power density ≈1.56 W cm^?2 and leg efficiency ≈9.2% by calculations assuming cold‐side temperature T_c = 323 K, hot‐side temperature T_h = 548 K, and leg length = 2 mm.     

L‐type voltage‐gated calcium channels in stem cells and tissue engineering

L‐type voltage‐gated calcium ion channels (L‐VGCCs) have been demonstrated to be the mediator of several significant intracellular activities in excitable cells, such as neurons, chromaffin cells and myocytes. Recently, an increasing number of studies have investigated the function of L‐VGCCs in non‐excitable cells, particularly stem cells. However, there appear to be no systematic reviews of the relationship between L‐VGCCs and stem cells, and filling this gap is prescient considering the contribution of L‐VGCCs to the proliferation and differentiation of several types of stem cells. This review will discuss the possible involvement of L‐VGCCs in stem cells, mainly focusing on osteogenesis mediated by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from different tissues and neurogenesis mediated by neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs). Additionally, advanced applications that use these channels as the target for tissue engineering, which may offer the hope of tissue regeneration in the future, will also be explored.     

三峡库区消落带水淹初期地上植被与土壤种子库的关系

采用种子萌发法,研究了三峡库区消落带水淹初期所形成的已淹区段、未淹区段以及留存原有植被的对照样带地表植被与土壤种子库之间的关系。结果表明:三峡库区消落带已淹区段地表植被分属47科71属100种,未淹区段84科163属223种,优势科主要为菊科、豆科、禾本科、蔷薇科、莎草科。地上植被的物种生活型,已淹区段以生长周期短、适应性较强的1年生草本为主,灌木和乔木共占19%;未淹区段中1年生草本占20.45%,多年生草本占36.36%,灌木或藤本占28.18%,乔木占15%;对照样带中1年生草本占23.24%,多年生草本占41.32%,灌木及藤本占32.02%,乔木占17.05%。与对照样带相比,已淹区段地表植被物种多样性指数和丰富度指数都明显降低,未淹区段地表植被却表现出明显增加的趋势,只有Pielou均匀度指数都降低;已淹区段、未淹区段土壤种子库分别具有物种79种和108种,分别比对照样带增加了9种和38种;已淹区段种子库密度为(12667±2225.25)粒/m2、未淹区段为(38013±9796.04)粒/m2、对照样带为(18715±8234.77)粒/m2,与对照样带土壤种子库总密度相比,已淹区段降低了32.32%,未淹区段增加了103.12%,都以草本植物占绝大多数比例,且1年生草本所占比例大于多年生草本所占比例。土壤种子库的生物多样性指数、丰富度指数和均匀度指数与地表植被变化相一致,但变化幅度较小。消落带已淹区段、未淹区段、对照样带地表植被和土壤种子库共同出现的物种数分别为9,40和15种,土壤种子库和地表植被间Sorensen相似性系数分别为0.328,0.241,0.186,表明三峡库区消落带水淹初期区域整体相似系数较低,这与消落带形成时间短有很大的关系。     

浙江天童披针叶茴香群落种间联结性研究

通过基于2×2列联表的种间联结分析和,检验,对浙江天童保存较好的披针叶茴香（Illicium lanceolatum A．C．Smith）群落的种间联结性进行研究,以揭示披针叶茴香在群落中的地位及种间联结与群落稳定性的关系。结果表明：（1）群落内所有树种间总体呈显著正联结[W（49．607）〉x0.05,32^2（46．194）];群落内所有物种间显著正联结的种对数比例高于显著负联结的种对数比例,但无显著联结种对数的比例最大。这表明群落处于稳定共存的状态。（2）披针叶茴香与石楠、尖萼毛柃、苦槠、四川山矾等7种呈显著正关联,仅与枫香呈显著负联结,与多数种间联结性不显著;披针叶茴香与多数种的联结系数（AC）值大于0．5（74．3％）,其中正联结种对数明显多于负联结种对数,表明披针叶茴香在群落中处于优势地位,与多数种群互利共存。此研究结果对制定该物种合适的就地保护措施、种群恢复以及人工规模栽培配置模式、生境的选择具有重要参考价值。     

抑瘤基因NGX6对鼻咽癌细胞株HNE1细胞生长的影响(英文)

鼻咽癌是我国南方多发恶性肿瘤 ,它的发生发展与遗传因素密切相关 .采用定位候选克隆策略在 9p上克隆出一个候选抑瘤基因 ,命名为NGX6 .为了进一步研究它的功能 ,将NGX6基因的全长cDNA片段亚克隆至pcDNA3.1(+ )的表达载体中 ,通过脂质体转染入鼻咽癌细胞系HNE1中 ,Northern杂交方法筛选高效表达NGX6的细胞株 ,并借助细胞生长曲线、软琼脂糖集落形成实验、裸鼠体内接种实验和流式细胞仪对转染细胞的生物学行为进行了检测 .结果显示 ,转染了NGX6基因的HNE1细胞的生长速度明显减慢 ,在软琼脂中集落形成率较对照组显著下降 (P〈0 0 5 ) ,裸鼠体内成瘤的时间较对照组明显延长 ,瘤体的大小和重量较对照组明显减少 ,流式细胞仪检测发现细胞的凋亡率无明显变化 .为了明确NGX6蛋白在细胞中发挥作用的部位 ,进一步将NGX6的开放阅读框架完整正确地克隆到pEGFPC1的荧光载体中 ,转染到COS7细胞中 ,用荧光显微镜观察细胞中荧光的分布 ,发现荧光主要分布在细胞浆中 ,说明NGX6蛋白可能是一种胞浆蛋白 .该研究表明 ,NGX6在NPC的发生发展中起重要作用 ,为全面阐述NGX6的功能提供重要的信息 ,为进一步的功能研究打下基础