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Ziemowit Zietkowski Roman Skiepko Maria M Tomasiak Anna Bodzenta-Lukaszyk 《Respiratory research》2007,8(1):76-9
Background
Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is a highly prevalent condition, whose pathophysiology is not well understood. Endothelins are proinflammatory, profibrotic, broncho- and vasoconstrictive peptides which play an important role in the development of airway inflammation and remodeling in asthma. The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in endothelin-1 levels in exhaled breath condensate following intensive exercise in asthmatic patients.Methods
The study was conducted in a group of 19 asthmatic patients (11 with EIB, 8 without EIB) and 7 healthy volunteers. Changes induced by intensive exercise in the concentrations of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) during 24 hours after an exercise challenge test were determined. Moreover, the possible correlations of these measurements with the results of other tests commonly associated with asthma and with the changes of airway inflammation after exercise were observed.Results
In asthmatic patients with EIB a statistically significant increase in the concentration of ET-1 in EBC collected between 10 minutes and 6 hours after an exercise test was observed. The concentration of ET-1 had returned to its initial level 24 hours after exercise. No effects of the exercise test on changes in the concentrations of ET-1 in EBC in either asthmatic patients without EIB or healthy volunteers were observed. A statistically significant correlation between the maximum increase in ET-1 concentrations in EBC after exercise and either baseline FENO and the increase in FENO or BHR to histamine 24 hours after exercise in the groups of asthmatics with EIB was revealed.Conclusion
The release of ET-1 from bronchial epithelium through the influence of many inflammatory cells essential in asthma and interactions with other cytokines, may play an important role in increase of airway inflammation which was observed after postexercise bronchoconstriction in asthmatic patients. 相似文献2.
Ziemowit Zietkowski Maria M Tomasiak-Lozowska Roman Skiepko Elzbieta Zietkowska Anna Bodzenta-Lukaszyk 《Respiratory research》2010,11(1):110
Background
Airway eosinophilia is considered a central event in the pathogenesis of asthma. Eotaxin plays a key role in selective eosinophil accumulation in the airways and, subsequently, their activation and degranulation. The study was undertaken to evaluate eotaxin-1 levels in the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of asthmatics with different degrees of asthma severity and to establish the possible correlation of these measurements with other recognized parameters of airway inflammation.Methods
EBC was collected from 46 patients with allergic asthma (14 with steroid-naïve asthma, 16 with ICS-treated, stable asthma, 16 with ICS-treated unstable asthma) and 12 healthy volunteers. Concentrations of eotaxin-1 were measured by ELISA.Results
In the three groups of asthmatics, eotaxin-1 concentrations in EBC were significantly higher compared with healthy volunteers (steroid-naïve asthma: 9.70 pg/ml ± 1.70, stable ICS-treated asthma: 10.45 ± 2.00, unstable ICS-treated asthma: 17.97 ± 3.60, healthy volunteers: 6.24 ± 0.70). Eotaxin-1 levels were significantly higher in patients with unstable asthma than in the two groups with stable disease. We observed statistically significant correlations between the concentrations of eotaxin-1 in EBC and exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) or serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in the three studied groups of asthmatics. We also discovered a significantly positive correlation between eotaxin-1 in EBC and blood eosinophil count in the groups of patients with unstable asthma and steroid-naïve asthma.Conclusions
Measurements of eotaxin-1 in the EBC of asthma patients may provide another useful diagnostic tool for detecting and monitoring airway inflammation and disease severity. 相似文献3.
4.
The main goals of this study were to investigate the relationships between densities of the breeding population of the middle spotted woodpecker Dendrocopos medius obtained on 19 large-scale plots, and the share of different habitats and age of forest stands. An average crude density based on an area defined arbitrarily by observers was 0.66±0.43 territories/10 ha, while the ecological density based on an area including habitats potentially used by organisms reached 1.09±0.64 territories/10 ha. Stepwise multiple regression indicated that the crude density was negatively affected by the share of coniferous forest thereby explaining 50% of variation. The ecological density was negatively correlated with the percentage of young deciduous stands (0–40 years old). This variable explained 36% of the total variation. These results suggest that on the level of macrohabitat analysis, the share of unsuitable forest stands seem to play a major role in determining the density of the middle spotted woodpecker. 相似文献
5.
Małgorzata Kolicka Miroslawa Dabert Ziemowit Olszanowski Jacek Dabert 《Cladistics : the international journal of the Willi Hennig Society》2020,36(5):458-480
Chaetonotidae is the most diverse and widely distributed family of the order Chaetonotida (Gastrotricha) and includes both marine and freshwater species. Although the family is regarded as a sister taxon to the exclusively marine Xenotrichulidae, the type of environment, marine or freshwater, where Chaetonotidae originated is still not known. Here, we reconstructed the phylogeny of the family based on molecular sequence data and mapped both morphological and ecological characters to determine the ancestral environment of the first members of the family. Our results revealed that the freshwater genus Bifidochaetus is the earliest branching lineage in the paraphyletic Chaetonotidae (encompassing Dasydytidae and Neogosseidae). Moreover, we reconstructed Lepidochaetus-Cephalionotus clade as a monophyletic sister group to the remaining chaetonotids, which supports Kisielewski's morphological based hypothesis concerning undifferentiated type of body scales as a most primary character in Chaetonotidae. We also found that reversals to marine habitats occurred independently in different Chaetonotidae lineages, thus marine species in the genera Heterolepidoderma, Halichaetonotus, Aspidiophorus and subgenera Chaetonotus (Schizochaetonotus) or Chaetonotus (Marinochaetus) should be assumed as having secondarily invaded the marine environment. Character mapping revealed a series of synapomorphies that define the clade that includes Chaetonotidae (with Dasydytidae and Neogosseidae), the most important of which may be those linked to reproduction. 相似文献
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Wojciech D?browski Edyta Kotlinska-Hasiec Andrzej Jaroszynski Przemyslaw Zadora Jacek Pilat Ziemowit Rzecki Wojciech Zaluska Daniel Schneditz 《PloS one》2015,10(4)
Background
Secondary increase in intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) may result from extra-abdominal pathology, such as massive fluid resuscitation, capillary leak or sepsis. All these conditions increase the extravascular water content. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between IAP and body water volume.Material and Methods
Adult patients treated for sepsis or septic shock with acute kidney injury (AKI) and patients undergoing elective pharyngolaryngeal or orthopedic surgery were enrolled. IAP was measured in the urinary bladder. Total body water (TBW), extracellular water content (ECW) and volume excess (VE) were measured by whole body bioimpedance. Among critically ill patients, all parameters were analyzed over three consecutive days, and parameters were evaluated perioperatively in surgical patients.Results
One hundred twenty patients were studied. Taken together, the correlations between IAP and VE, TBW, and ECW were measured at 408 time points. In all participants, IAP strongly correlated with ECW and VE. In critically ill patients, IAP correlated with ECW and VE. In surgical patients, IAP correlated with ECW and TBW. IAP strongly correlated with ECW and VE in the mixed population. IAP also correlated with VE in critically ill patients. ROC curve analysis showed that ECW and VE might be discriminative parameters of risk for increased IAP.Conclusion
IAP strongly correlates with ECW. 相似文献7.
Ziemowit Kosiński Monika Pluta Anna Ulanowska Łukasz Walczak Aleksander Winiecki Mateusz Zarębski 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2018,27(1):123-145
Standing dead trees may be a limited resource for woodpeckers in managed forests, especially for species that rely on dead wood for their nest or roost cavity, and as foraging sites. Effective conservation strategies for woodpeckers require a detailed knowledge of species’ responses to dead wood availability. To investigate the importance of standing dead wood (snags) for the abundance and nest-site use of the great spotted woodpecker Dendrocopos major and middle spotted woodpecker Leiopicus medius in mature riverine forests, we compared the responses of birds between two periods—before mass mortality, and during a pulse in standing dead trees. The density of standing dead trees available for cavity excavation by the great spotted woodpecker and the middle spotted woodpecker increased significantly during the study period: 37-fold and 4-fold, respectively. Temporal trends in the abundance of both woodpecker species from 2000 to 2015 were not significant. Great spotted woodpeckers were significantly more likely to use dead trees and places with wounds in species other than oak and ash during the outbreak period than in the pre-outbreak period. Middle spotted woodpeckers were significantly less likely to excavate cavities in tree species other than oak and ash in the outbreak period, but dead trees were more likely selected. An interspecific comparison suggests that the probability of a nest-hole having been excavated by a middle spotted woodpecker increased with a nest-hole sited in ash, in a dead tree, in a limb/branch, and decreased with a nest-hole in a closed forest. These findings suggest that woodpecker species, especially weak excavators, may benefit from an increase in dead wood availability leading to nest niche shifts into more favorable substrates for cavity excavation. However, a strong increase in dead wood availability does not modify the general pattern of niche partitioning between great spotted and middle spotted woodpeckers. Conservation plans for the specialized middle spotted woodpecker must consider the preference for dead and decaying trees. The decreasing number of large ashes and oaks, and the lack of natural regeneration of the latter species, may negatively affect the middle spotted woodpecker in the future. 相似文献
8.
Morphology of the ontogenetic stages of the Neotropical oribatid mite Platynothrus altimontanus Hammer, [1958. Investigation on the Oribatid fauna of the Andes Mountains. I. The Argentina and Bolivia. Biol. Skr. Dan. Vid. Selsk. 10(1), 121] is described and illustrated based on specimens from Ecuador and compared with specimens from Venezuela, which is a new record of its distribution. Moreover it is compared with type material and holotype of the most similar species Platynothrus major Hammer, [1966. Investigations on the oribatid fauna of New Zealand. Teil 1. Biol. Skr. Dan. Vid. Selsk.15(2), 108]. On the basis of present studies there is a possibility that P. major is a junior synonym of P. altimontanus or its sibling species.Specimens were found in samples of moss, soil, litter and detritus from forest patch, below trees, near riverbank and of decomposing tree stump, from very wet accumulated litter at the rocks, under paramo grass and pillow-plants. All samples were collected from Ecuador (provinces Pichincha, Illiniza and Cotopaxi, at 2750–4200 m a.s.l.) and Venezuela. 相似文献
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Laura Kamp Gilberto Pasinelli Pietro Milanesi Sergei V. Drovetski Ziemowit Kosiski Serguei Kossenko Hugo Robles Manuel Schweizer 《Zoologica scripta》2019,48(1):17-32
Population divergence could be strongly affected by species’ ecology and might not be a direct response to climate‐driven environmental change. We tested this in the middle spotted woodpecker (Dendrocoptes medius), a non‐migratory, low‐dispersal habitat specialist associated with old deciduous forests of the Western Palearctic. We present the first phylogeographic study of this species integrating genetic data (three mitochondrial loci, one autosomal and one Z‐linked intron) with species distribution modelling. Based on this species’ ecology, we predicted that the middle spotted woodpecker could have colonized its current range from multiple Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) refugia and that strongly structured populations could be expected. Indeed, we discovered a strong genetic divergence between Asian and European populations, with a split estimated at around one million of years ago. This was surprising given only slight intraspecific variation in plumage and morphology. Although there was no significant phylogeographic structure within the Asian and European groups, we cannot exclude the possibility of multiple refugia within either group during the LGM. This has to be further investigated with more extensive geographic sampling and larger number of variable independently evolving markers. Future studies should also investigate potential differences in vocalizations and ecology between the two groups. Lineages showing similar level of genetic differentiation including woodpeckers are often treated as species‐level taxa. Comparison of our results with the phylogeographic history of other woodpeckers, suggests that sympatric species with similar life‐histories might have idiosyncratic phylogeographic patterns probably resulting from different ecological requirements or historic stochasticity. 相似文献
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