Intermittent high glucose induces pyroptosis of rat H9C2 cardiomyocytes via sodium–glucose cotransporter 1

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - Cardiomyocyte death is an important pathogenic process in cardiac complications of diabetes. Diabetic patients often suffer glycemic variability. Pyroptosis is...     

替米沙坦在糖尿病防治中的应用

替米沙坦是经典的抗血压病药物。近年来人们发现替米沙坦除可以抑制血管紧张素Ⅱ-1型受体外,还可以部分激活过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ。得益于其双靶点的作用机制,替米沙坦可以通过改善糖脂代谢紊乱和缓解糖尿病带来的并发症而使糖尿病或糖尿病高危病人获益。本文就替米沙坦在糖尿病预防和治疗中的作用及相关的机制研究作一阐述。     

TGF-β synergizes with ML264 to block IL-1β-induced matrix degradation mediated by Krüppel-like factor 5 in the nucleus pulposus

Intervertebral disc degeneration causes low back pain.Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a well-known inflammatory mediator that is involved in disc degeneration but its molecular mechanisms on catabolic and anabolic events in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells remain unclear. Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) is associated with inflammation and was previously shown to cause cartilage degradation. In this study, we revealed that KLF5 is involved in IL-1β activated NF-kB cascade by enhancing both p65 phosphorylation and p65 acetylation. Moreover, the catabolic effect of KLF5 can be abolished by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) via promoting the proteasomal degradation of KLF5. Therefore, a KLF5 inhibitor ML264 was further proved to synergize with TGF-β to attenuate IL-1β-induced intervertebral disc degeneration. These results indicate the critical role of KLF5 in regulating intervertebral disc metabolism and suggest KLF5 inhibitor such as ML264 as potential compound for treatment of degenerative disc disease.     

Glabridin inhibits osteosarcoma migration and invasion via blocking the p38- and JNK-mediated CREB–AP1 complexes formation

Osteosarcoma is the most common bone malignancy, and it seriously affects the quality of life of affected children and adolescents. Glabridin (GLA), a major component of licorice root extract, has been reported to exert antitumor effects against a variety of tumor types; however, its effects on osteosarcoma have not been elucidated. In the current study, we investigate the effects and potential antimetastatic mechanisms of GLA on osteosarcoma in vitro and in vivo. Flow cytometry showed that GLA induced G2/M cell cycle phase arrest and promoted cell apoptosis. Transwell and wound-healing assays showed that GLA significantly decreased the migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Further western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in MG63 and HOS cells were reduced after GLA treatment. Moreover, western blotting demonstrated that GLA downregulated the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. A coimmunoprecipitation assay illustrated that formation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)–activating protein 1 (AP1) complexes and the DNA binding activities of CREB and AP1 in MG63 and HOS cells were impaired following treatment with GLA. Finally, GLA inhibited tumor growth and suppressed osteosarcoma cell metastasis in vivo. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of GLA as a therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of tumor metastasis.     

蓝舌病病毒基因节段2与6的重配导致病毒血清型与增殖特性的改变

[背景]蓝舌病病毒(Bluetongue Virus,BTV)是一种侵染反刍动物的虫媒病毒,基因重配可引起病毒的快速变异.[目的]通过我国强致病性BTV-16型毒株与弱致病性BTV-4型毒株间Seg-2与Seg-6基因节段的重配,探讨病毒基因重配与表型变异之间的关系.[方法]采用全长cDNA扩增与高通量测序获取BTV-...     

MiR-122 Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Tumorigenesis of Breast Cancer by Targeting IGF1R

miRNAs are emerging as critical regulators in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Recently, microRNA-122 (miR-122) has been proved to play an important role in hepatocellular carcinoma, but its functions in the context of breast cancer (BC) remain unknown. In this study, we report that miR-122 is commonly downregulated in BC specimens and BC cell lines with important functional consequences. Overexpression of miR-122 not only dramatically suppressed cell proliferation, colony formation by inducing G1-phase cell-cycle arrest in vitro, but also reduced tumorigenicity in vivo. We then screened and identified a novel miR-122 target, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), and it was further confirmed by luciferase assay. Overexpression of miR-122 would specifically and markedly reduce its expression. Similar to the restoring miR-122 expression, IGF1R downregulation suppressed cell growth and cell-cycle progression, whereas IGF1R overexpression rescued the suppressive effect of miR-122. To identify the mechanisms, we investigated the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway and found that the expression of Akt, mTOR and p70S6K were suppressed, whereas re-expression of IGF1R which did not contain the 3′UTR totally reversed the inhibition of Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signal pathway profile. We also identified a novel, putative miR-122 target gene, PI3CG, a member of PI3K family, which further suggests miR-122 may be a key regulator of the PI3K/Akt pathway. In clinical specimens, IGF1R was widely overexpressed and its mRNA levels were inversely correlated with miR-122 expression. Taken together, our results demonstrate that miR-122 functions as a tumor suppressor and plays an important role in inhibiting the tumorigenesis through targeting IGF1R and regulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway. Given these, miR-122 may serve as a novel therapeutic or diagnostic/prognostic-target for treating BC.     

Surface Pseudocapacitive Mechanism of Molybdenum Phosphide for High‐Energy and High‐Power Sodium‐Ion Capacitors

Sodium‐based energy storage technologies are potential candidates for large‐scale grid applications owing to the earth abundance and low cost of sodium resources. Transition metal phosphides, e.g. MoP, are promising anode materials for sodium‐ion storage, while their detailed reaction mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Herein, the sodium‐ion storage mechanism of hexagonal MoP is systematically investigated through experimental characterizations, density functional theory calculations, and kinetics analysis. Briefly, it is found that the naturally covered surface amorphous molybdenum oxides layers on the MoP grains undergo a faradaic redox reaction during sodiation and desodiation, while the inner crystalline MoP remains unchanged. Remarkably, the MoP anode exhibits a pseudocapacitive‐dominated behavior, enabling the high‐rate sodium storage performance. By coupling the pseudocapacitive anode with a high‐rate‐battery‐type Na₃V₂O₂(PO₄)₂F@rGO cathode, a novel sodium‐ion full cell delivers a high energy density of 157 Wh kg^?1 at 97 W kg^?1 and even 52 Wh kg^?1 at 9316 W kg^?1. These findings present the deep understanding of the sodium‐ion storage mechanism in hexagonal MoP and offer a potential route for the design of high‐rate sodium‐ion storage materials and devices.     

十二种血清型蓝舌病病毒型特异性实时荧光定量RT-PCR定型方法的建立

为建立蓝舌病病毒(Bluetongue virus,BTV)十二种血清型(血清6、8、10、11、13、14、17、18、19、20、22与23型)特异性实时荧光定量RT-PCR(qRT-PCR)检测方法,根据GenBank公布的十二种BTV血清型毒株的基因节段2序列,选择高度保守区域,设计每种BTV血清型的扩增引物与TaqMan探针;以十二种血清型BTV参考毒株的cDNA为模板,进行引物的筛选,建立BTV血清型特异性qRT-PCR检测方法;对检测方法的灵敏度、特异性与重复性进行验证,分别以含有50、100与200个BTV噬斑形成单位(Plaque forming unit,PFU)的模拟BTV阳性血液样本为检测对象,进行检测效果的评估.实验结果表明,建立的BTV血清型特异性qRT-PCR检测方法具有良好的灵敏度和特异性,对不同血清型BTV核酸拷贝数的检出下限在12拷贝/μL(BTV-8)至57拷贝/μL(BTV-14)之间;对我国反刍动物上广泛流行的流行性出血病病毒、中山病病毒与阿卡斑病毒核酸的检测结果均为阴性.反应具有良好的重复性,组内Ct值的变异系数在0.92％至1.96％之间,组间Ct值的变异系数在0.26％至1.62％之间.对模拟BTV阳性血液样本的检测结果显示,BTV血清型特异性qRT-PCR可有效检测含50个PFU(噬斑形成单位)的BTV血液样本.本研究建立的十二种BTV血清型特异性qRT-PCR定型方法具有特异性强、灵敏度高和耗时少等优点,可用于动物感染BTV血清型的诊断.