脱落酸引发对夜香紫罗兰种子萌发的效应

研究脱落酸引发及其与植物生长调节剂的复合处理对夜香紫罗兰(Matthiola bicornis)种子萌发的效应.结果表明,将夜香紫罗兰种子于20℃下在2.5×10-5 mol/L脱落酸(ABA)溶液中引发7 d,能显著缩短种子平均萌发时间,增加种子萌发指数.在ABA溶液中加入吲哚乙酸(NAA)未能进一步改善夜香紫罗兰种子萌发,但其他复合处理均显著提高正常幼苗百分率.ABA和细胞分裂素(KT)及NAA复合处理进一步增加种子萌发指数,不仅比单独用ABA引发的效果好,而且也比用聚乙二醇(PEG)引发的效果好.ABA引发和PEG引发的夜香紫罗兰种子相对吸水量显著不同.对ABA引发机理和应用潜力进行了讨论.     

Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway modulates mouse oocyte meiotic maturation and fertilization via regulation of MAPK cascade and cyclin B1 degradation

Degradation of proteins mediated by ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) plays important roles in the regulation of eukaryotic cell cycle. In this study, the functional roles and regulatory mechanisms of UPP in mouse oocyte meiotic maturation, fertilization, and early embryonic cleavage were studied by drug-treatment, Western blot, antibody microinjection, and confocal microscopy. The meiotic resumption of both cumulus-enclosed oocytes and denuded oocytes was stimulated by two potent, reversible, and cell-permeable proteasome inhibitors, ALLN and MG-132. The metaphase I spindle assembly was prevented, and the distribution of ubiquitin, cyclin B1, and polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) was also distorted. When UPP was inhibited, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/p90rsk phosphorylation was not affected, but the cyclin B1 degradation that occurs during normal metaphase-anaphase transition was not observed. During oocyte activation, the emission of second polar body (PB2) and the pronuclear formation were inhibited by ALLN or MG-132. In oocytes microinjected with ubiquitin antibodies, PB2 emission and pronuclear formation were also inhibited after in vitro fertilization. The expression of cyclin B1 and the phosphorylation of MAPK/p90rsk could still be detected in ALLN or MG-132-treated oocytes even at 8 h after parthenogenetic activation or insemination, which may account for the inhibition of PB2 emission and pronuclear formation. We also for the first time investigated the subcellular localization of ubiquitin protein at different stages of oocyte and early embryo development. Ubiquitin protein was accumulated in the germinal vesicle (GV), the region between the separating homologous chromosomes, the midbody, the pronuclei, and the region between the separating sister chromatids. In conclusion, our results suggest that the UPP plays important roles in oocyte meiosis resumption, spindle assembly, polar body emission, and pronuclear formation, probably by regulating cyclin B1 degradation and MAPK/p90rsk phosphorylation.     

基于高通量测序技术对山羊盲肠细菌多样性的分析

【背景】由于反刍动物特殊的生理结构,以往研究者主要集中对其瘤胃微生物的结构与组成进行了大量研究,严重忽略了盲肠微生物在营养物质消化和肠道健康方面发挥的重要作用。【目的】采用高通量测序技术分析山羊盲肠细菌的多样性及菌群结构。【方法】选用12只10月龄健康母羊,其平均体重为20.70±1.60kg,饲喂20d后,采集每只山羊的盲肠内容物,提取微生物总DNA,用细菌通用引物对细菌16S rRNA基因的高可变区进行PCR扩增,利用Illumina MiSeq平台对扩增子进行高通量测序,并用QIIME等软件对测序序列进行生物信息学分析。【结果】山羊盲肠微生物测序共获得813 496条有效序列与6 883个OTU,并且稀释曲线和Coverage指数反映此次测序结果比较全面的覆盖了山羊盲肠微生物群落。α多样性和β多样性分析表明,山羊个体之间盲肠微生物的多样性存在差异。在门水平,各样品的优势菌门均为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes);属水平,核心菌群由梭菌属(Clostridium)、瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)和6个未分类的细菌组成。PICRUSt基因预测表明,山羊盲肠微生物以代谢功能为主,主要包括:碳水化合物代谢、氨基酸代谢、能量代谢和脂质代谢等。【结论】山羊盲肠与瘤胃细菌的多样性存在显著差异,与粪便微生物组成相似;与单胃动物相比,两者盲肠微生物的组成既有共性,也存在差异。     

广东滩涂经济鱼类寄生吸虫Ⅵ.独睾科二新种记述(复殖目)

本文对广东滩涂经济鱼类寄生复殖吸虫独睾科ＭｏｎｏｒｃｈｉｉｄａｅＯｄｈｎｅｒ,１９１１中的两新种分别进行详细的描述,其中细长椭囊吸虫Ｅｌｌｉｐｔｏｂｕｒｓａａｔｔｅｎｕａｔｕｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ作为拟原穴亚科ＰｓｅｕｄｏｐｒｏｃｔｏｔｒｅｍａｔｉｎａｅＥｌｌｉｐｔｏｂｕｒｓａ属的新种,巨穴孤睾吸虫Ｌａｓｉｏｔｏｃｕｓｍａｒｏｔｒｅｍａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ作为孤睾亚科ＬａｓｉｏｔｏｃｉｎａｅＬａｓｉｏｔｏｃｕｓ属     

中国蜘蛛物种多样性分析

基于2011年1月更新的世界蜘蛛名录第11．5版,本文对中国蜘蛛的物种多样性进行了统计和分析：（1）目前中国共记述蜘蛛67科670属3667种,种数占世界蜘蛛的8．72％,仍有许多物种尚待发现;（2）目前中国特有蜘蛛物种共计2376种,占中国蜘蛛种数的64．79％、世界蜘蛛种数（42055种）的5．65％,表明中国蜘蛛特有物种极为丰富,为中国生物多样性的保护、环境及气候的历史演变和蜘蛛的系统演化研究起到重要作用;（3）已知蜘蛛物种数最多的省份为云南（728种,占19．85％）、湖南（612种,占16．69％）、四川（454种,占12．38％）等,一定程度上表明上述各省生物多样性丰富,但这一结果也与各地蜘蛛多样性研究不均衡有关。蜘蛛各科名录及统计数据可参见“中国蜘蛛特有物种网”。     

大鼠卵巢不同功能阶段时c-fos表达的动态变化

目的和方法：本文用免疫组织化学方法检测了成年大鼠卵巢于不同的功能阶段和未成年大鼠外源性激素诱导的卵巢于不同的功能阶段c-fos表达的变化以及与血清E2和P含量的相关关系。结果：在成年大鼠动情前期、动情期卵巢的间质腺和基质中及动情间期和妊娠期卵巢的黄体细胞和基质中有c-fos表达,c-fos蛋白阳性信号的表达范围和表达强度在动情前期卵巢较大,动情间期和动情期卵巢较低,妊娠期卵巢最大,这种变化与血清E2和P含量的变化呈明显的正相关关系。未成年大鼠,用DES使卵泡发育至窦前期时,在卵巢中未检测到有c-fos蛋白的表达,用PMSG使贸泡发育至排卵前期时在卵巢的间质腺和基质中有c-fos表达,用PMSG和hCG后4天形成的早期黄体化卵巢c-fos在黄体细胞和基质中的表达明显升高,而于用hCG后9天形成的晚期黄体化卵巢c-fos表达明显下降,这种变化也与血清E2和P含量的变化呈明显的正相关关系。结论：c-fos与卵泡发育、排卵、黄体形成和退化等功能密切相关。     

Hydrogen sulfide plays a potential alternative for the treatment of metabolic disorders of diabetic cardiomyopathy

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a cardiovascular complication that tends to occur in patients with diabetes, obesity, or insulin resistance, with a higher...     

C-型钠尿肽与血管损伤性疾病

C-型钠尿肽(C-type natriuretic peptide, CNP)作为钠尿肽家系的一员, 主要是由血管内皮分泌,CNP与血管平滑肌细胞钠尿肽受体-B(NPR-B)结合,激活颗粒型鸟苷酸环化酶,促进细胞内cGMP 水平升高,以旁分泌和/或自分泌方式调节循环系统功能稳态.CNP广泛分布于血管系统,尤其在内皮细胞中高表达.CNP具有利钠、利尿、调节血管张力、抑制血管平滑肌细胞迁移、增殖等作用,与高血压、动脉粥样硬化、血栓形成、冠脉成形术后再狭窄和血管钙化等多种血管损伤性疾病密切相关.     

表面残留杀虫剂对蜘蛛的影响研究

以前的报道多集中于研究杀虫剂直接喷洒对蜘蛛的影响。本研究以三突花蛛和沟渠豹蛛为对象,测定了溴氰菊酯、毒死蜱和查虫清（植物源杀虫剂）共3种杀虫剂的表面残留对蜘蛛的驱避作用和急性毒性。结果表明：残留2h的毒死蜱和查虫清对三突花蛛无驱避作用,而残留2h的溴氰菊酯对三突花蛛有明显地驱避作用。3种杀虫剂的2h表面残留对沟渠豹蛛均有显著的驱避作用,其中溴氰菊酯的驱避作用最强。残留24h的3种杀虫剂对三突花蛛和沟渠豹蛛无明显的驱避作用。表面残留的毒死蜱和查虫清对蜘蛛的毒性小,溴氰菊酯的残留对三突花蛛和沟渠豹蛛毒性大。表面残留2h的溴氰菊酯对沟渠豹蛛的毒性显著高于残留24h的溴氰菊酯。