极端干旱对草甸草原优势植物非结构性碳水化合物的影响

植物光合作用产生的非结构性碳水化合物(NSCs)水平可以反映植物和生态系统对环境变化的响应程度。近年来, 草原极端干旱事件的发生频率和持续时间增加趋势明显, 对生态系统结构和功能产生深远影响。该研究以内蒙古呼伦贝尔草甸草原为研究对象, 通过连续4年减少66%生长季降水量的控制实验来模拟极端干旱事件, 分析草原6种优势物种和植物功能群NSCs各组分对极端干旱的响应规律与机制。结果显示, 由于植物生物学、光合特性以及生理生态等特性的差异, 不同物种对干旱胁迫的响应具有明显差异。这表明草地植物NSCs组分及其利用策略对干旱胁迫的响应具有物种特异性, 从而导致其生物量的不同响应。将6种植物分为禾草和非禾草两类, 发现干旱显著增加了禾草的淀粉含量, 但对其可溶性糖含量无显著影响; 相反, 干旱显著增加了非禾草功能群的可溶性糖含量, 对其淀粉含量无显著影响, 表明不同功能群采取了不同的干旱应对策略。禾草选择将光合作用固定的能量进行储存以应对干旱胁迫, 其生物量对干旱响应不敏感; 而非禾草选择将能量以可溶性糖的形式直接供植物生长利用以及抵御干旱胁迫, 其生物量对干旱响应较为敏感。这一发现可为预测在全球气候变化背景下草甸草原生态系统结构与功能对极端干旱的响应提供科学参考。     

白藜芦醇以Caspase依赖和非依赖两种方式导致Jurkat细胞死亡

应用形态学观察、流式细胞仪检测、Western印迹和DNA凝胶电泳等方法研究白藜芦醇对Jurkat细胞的作用。发现白藜芦醇处理组中细胞有皱缩、出泡、染色质边集等现象,但染色质浓缩呈散在团块状且不致密。细胞质结构疏松,线粒体肿胀,脊消失。少见凋亡小体。在白藜芦醇处理组,Western印迹可检测到弱的17kDacaspase-3条带,DNA凝胶电泳可以检测到梯状DNA和弥散条带;流式细胞仪在白藜芦醇处理组检测到大量PI单阳性细胞和少量膜联蛋白V单阳性细胞。Z-VAD-FMK干预后可以发现细胞死亡率降低,同时该组梯状DNA消失,但是大分子量弥散DNA条带依然可以检测到。结果表明白藜芦醇可以通过caspase依赖和非依赖途径导致Jurkat细胞死亡。此分子机制的明确将为白藜芦醇应用于临床白血病的治疗打下理论基础。     

利用正交设计法对叉叶苏铁ISSR-PCR反应体系的优化研究

比较CTAB法和SDS法提取叉叶苏铁（Cycas micholitzii）的总DNA,发现CTAB法是提取叉叶苏铁总DNA的较好方法;对叉叶苏铁ISSR-PCR反应体系中的4个主要因素dNTPs,Taq DNA聚合酶,引物及Mg²⁺进行最优条件筛选;采用单因素法探讨DNA模板量、退火温度和循环次数的最佳反应条件,建立了适合于叉叶苏铁的最佳ISSR-PCR反应体系 （20 μL体系）： 1×Buffer,75 ng DNA模板,dNTPs 250 μmol·L^-1, Taq酶1.0U,引物0.2 μmol·L^-1,Mg2+ 2.5mmol·L^-1,反应程序为：94℃预变性5 min,94℃变性1 min,52℃退火1 min,72℃延伸2 min,循环40次,72℃延伸10 min,4℃保存。本研究结果为苏铁纲植物的分子生物学和分子系统学研究提供理论参考。     

Snail herbivory on submerged macrophytes and nutrient release: Implications for macrophyte management

Radix swinhoei (H. Adams) is a freshwater snail commonly found in shallow regions of Lake Taihu. This research estimated, based on experiments, the consumption rates of R. swinhoei on three young submerged plants (Vallisneria spiralis, Hydrilla verticillata and Potamogeton malaianus) and its rates of nutrient release. Results showed that the snails consumed V. spiralis at the highest rate (23.34 mg g⁻¹ d⁻¹), P. malaianus at a lower rate (11.97 mg g⁻¹ d⁻¹), and H. verticillata at the lowest rate (7.04 mg g⁻¹ d⁻¹). The consumption rates on V. spiralis varied significantly, with snail size, ranging from 13.63 mg g⁻¹ d⁻¹ for large-size snails to 143.42 mg g⁻¹ d⁻¹ for small-size ones.The average nutrient release rates of snails grazing on different macrophytes were 45.93 μg PO₄-P and 0.58 mg NH₄-N g⁻¹ d⁻¹. The food species had a significant effect on NH₄-N release rates but not on PO₄-P. However, the snail size had a significant effect on PO₄-P release rates and not on NH₄-N. The present study indicates that through selective grazing and nutrient release, snails may impose a significant impact on the macrophyte community, which should be considered in managing the macrophytes of a lake.     

Effects of nutrient levels in surface water and sediment on the growth of the floating-leaved macrophyte Trapa maximowiczii: implication for management of macrophytes in East Bay of Lake Taihu, China

Trapa maximowiczii is a floating-leaved macrophyte common in China. The plant population in East Bay, Lake Taihu, has been expanding rapidly in recent years. In order to better understand the mechanisms controlling the population dynamics in this species, two outdoor experiments were conducted from 9 May to 8 July 2007, evaluating the effect on the growth of T. maximowiczii of different nutrient levels in water column and sediment. Results showed that high concentration of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous) in water led to significant increases in rosette diameter and plant dry weight, dry weight of aquatic roots and anchoring roots, but had no effect on plant height or main stem node count. Phosphorus enrichment resulted in increases in plant dry weight and seed number. However, no such difference was observed between the nitrogen enrichment treatment and the control. Sediment fertility had significant effects on plant growth. Plant height, plant dry weight, dry weight of aquatic and anchoring roots, and maximum rosette diameter were significantly greater in high-nutrient sediment than those in low-nutrient sediment. This study suggests that eutrophication of water (especially increasing phosphorus loading) and accumulated nutrients in sediment may be among the causes leading to increasing biomass of the floating-leaved macrophyte T. maximowiczii in East Bay of Lake Taihu.     

四川老君山自然保护区红翅噪鹛冬季栖息地特征

摘要：2010年1月和2011年1月,在四川老君山国家级自然保护区对红翅噪鹛（Garrulax formosus）的冬季栖息地特征进行了初步研究。在研究区内,红翅噪鹛冬季多集小群活动,主要选择次生林,而回避原生林和人工林。2个冬季在野外共遇见红翅噪鹛21群78只。通过比较分析,发现红翅噪鹛喜欢在海拔较低、坡位较高、坡向...     

Comparative study on several physiological characters among the re-introduced population of Cycas debaoensis

以广西黄连山自然保护区内的德保苏铁幼苗为材料,研究了不同叶数苏铁幼苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量的变化.结果表明:在7月至11月间,随着时间的推移,德保苏铁幼苗叶片的SOD、POD活性均呈递增趋势,CAT活性则先缓慢下降后又呈递增的趋势;MDA含量呈下降趋势;脯氨酸含量呈缓慢上升趋势;可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质均呈持续积累趋势.综合分析结果表明:可将不同叶数苏铁幼苗分为两类:5叶植株单独为一类,环境适应能力强;3叶植株和4叶植株可聚为一类,环境适应能力相对较强.     

德保苏铁回归后几个生理指标的比较研究

以广西黄连山自然保护区内的德保苏铁幼苗为材料,研究了不同叶数苏铁幼苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量的变化。结果表明:在7月至11月间,随着时间的推移,德保苏铁幼苗叶片的SOD、POD活性均呈递增趋势,CAT活性则先缓慢下降后又呈递增的趋势;MDA含量呈下降趋势;脯氨酸含量呈缓慢上升趋势;可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质均呈持续积累趋势。综合分析结果表明:可将不同叶数苏铁幼苗分为两类:5叶植株单独为一类,环境适应能力强;3叶植株和4叶植株可聚为一类,环境适应能力相对较强。