盐诱导脯氨酸累积过程中亚胺环己酮的抑制作用

微生物中控制脯氨酸合成的渗透调节基因(osm基因)的转移成功及其抗渗透胁迫能力的提高(Csonka 1980,1981,Le Rudulier和Valentine 1981),启发科学家们把注意力投向高等植物,特别是有经济价值的作物(Bodnar等1989,Nelson等1988,1989,Sanada等1989,Higgins等1987)。采用蛋白质合成抑制剂亚胺环     

渗透胁迫对高粱根K~＋吸收的影响

以ＣａＳＯ４０．５ｍｍｏｌＬ－１溶液培养高粱得到低钾植株,在渗透胁迫下当ＰＥＧ－１０００使外界渗透势下降时,刺激了高粱根高Ｋ＋亲和系统的净Ｋ＋积累,其表观Ｋｍ值和Ｔｍａｘ值分别为１８μｍｏｌＬ－１和４９．６μｍｏｌｇ－１ＤＷｈ－１。此高亲和系统不受可渗物质乙二醇和外界ｐＨ变化的影响,为蛋白质合成抑制剂环己酰亚胺抑制。     

石灰岩土壤基质上构树幼苗接种丛枝菌根（AM）真菌的光合特征

就石灰岩适生植物构树(Broussonetia papyrifera)分别进行菌根真菌（简称AM真菌）摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)、地表球囊霉(Glomus versiforme)、透光球囊霉(Glomus diaphanum)的单独接种、混合接种和不接种处理,幼苗生长3个月后测定其生长及光合生理指标,以期从光合水平上了解接种AM真菌对植物的生长、生理的响应。结果表明：接种AM真菌促进了构树幼苗生长,接种组地茎、苗高、总叶面积较对照差异性显著,但单株幼苗叶片数较对照无显著差异。接种处理导致了幼苗较高的菌根侵染率,而非接种处理侵染率为0。较对照而言,接种处理净光合速率显著提高,而蒸腾速率和气孔导度在单接种G.diaphanum下降低,其他三种处理均显著提高。接种处理光合耗水量较对照处理显著降低,提高了光合水分利用效率。接种后叶绿素a、b含量极显著提高。     

土壤养分对蝴蝶花的花形态可塑性的影响

为了研究土壤养分对蝴蝶花的花形态可塑性的影响,在田间实验中对蝴蝶花进行了高、中、低养分（N、P、K）水平处理。实验表明,随着土壤养分水平的增加,外轮花瓣长和宽、内轮花瓣长和宽、雌蕊长、雄蕊长、花冠直径均逐渐增加。花各组成部分的形态大小间相关性显著（P=0．05）。结合花部形态特征对环境异质性的生态适应意义,对实验结果进行了讨论。     

The Role of Aquaporin RWC3 in Drought Avoidance in Rice

The above article appeared     

a-NAA及UV-B辐射对栝楼幼苗生长及蒸腾作用的影响

 研究了温室条件下紫外线-B（UV-B）辐射（0.029 J·m-2·s-1）和外施α-萘乙酸（α-NAA）（2 mg·L-1）相互作用对栝楼（Trichosanthes kirilowii）幼苗生长及蒸腾速率的影响。本实验设一个对照（T0）和3个处理：外施α-NAA（T1）,增加UV-B辐射（T2）,增加UV-B辐射并外施α-NAA（T3）。实验结果：增强UV-B辐射明显降低栝楼的株高及叶面积,根、茎、叶重均较对照低,因而总生物量也较对照低,干物质积累量减少。UV-B辐射增强,对栝楼植株含水量几乎无影响,但却明显增加叶气孔阻力,降低蒸腾速率。与对照（T0）相比,外施α-NAA（T1）明显增加株高及叶面积,根、茎、叶重均增加,因而单株总生物量较对照增加,但干物质积累量增幅不大,植株水分含量较对照略高;叶气孔阻力呈降低趋势,蒸腾速率呈增大趋势。在有UV-B辐射下外施α-NAA（T3）,与T2相比,植株高度、叶重及叶面积降低趋势明显减轻,但根、茎生物量,单株总生物量及干物质积累量并无明显增加;叶气孔阻力降低,蒸腾速率增大。分析认为,栝楼幼苗根系发达,根冠比接近1,而UV-B辐射下补充α-NAA对根、茎影响小,同时本试验处理时间短（5周）,表现为对生物量增加及干物质积累量的影响效果不明显,但株高、叶面积明显增加,且在一定程度上减小了叶的气孔阻力,增大了蒸腾速率。结果表明：UV-B辐射能对栝楼的根、茎、叶生物量及干物质积累量产生影响,同时也能引起栝楼叶气孔阻力增加及蒸腾速率降低,但若同时外施α-NAA,则这种影响有减轻的趋势。该结果暗示,α-NAA能增强栝楼幼苗对UV-B辐射的耐受能力,可能是弥补了UV-B辐射引起的IAA含量的降低,减少了内源ABA的积累,减轻叶片气孔阻力,增大蒸腾速率,促进了植株生长。     

重庆石灰岩地区十大功劳光合特性动态变化和对CO2的响应研究

运用开放式气体交换C I-310便携式光合作用测定系统,研究了重庆石灰岩地区适生灌木十大功劳(Maho-nia fortunei)光合特性的动态变化和对CO2的响应。结果表明:十大功劳的净光合速率和气孔导度的日变化为双峰曲线,蒸腾速率的日变化为单峰曲线,净光合速率出现了光合午休现象,主要由非气孔因素影响,水分利用效率的日变化呈“L”型。在季节变化中净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度都呈现双峰曲线,而水分利用效率呈现“W”型。气体交换的日动态和季节动态变化是与植物生存的气候环境相适应的,在石灰岩地区表现出低光合低蒸腾和高水分利用效率的节水特性。净光合速率随着CO2浓度的升高而表现出升高趋势,其CO2补偿点为90μmol.mol-1左右,羧化效率为0.0125,较低的羧化效率是十大功劳净光合速率较低的一个原因。     

Upland rice and lowland rice exhibited different P/P expression under water deficit and ABA treatment

Aquaporins play a significant role in plant water relations.To further understand the aquaporin function in plants underwater stress,the expression of a subgroup of aquaporins,plasma membrane intrinsic proteins(PIPs),was studied at boththe protein and mRNA level in upland rice(Oryza sativa L.cv.Zhonghan 3)and lowland rice(Oryza sativa L.cv.Xiushui63)when they were water stressed by treatment with 20% polyethylene glycol(PEG).Plants responded differently to20% PEG treatment.Leaf water content of upland rice leaves was reduced rapidly.PIP protein level increased markedlyin roots of both types,but only in leaves of upland rice after 10h of PEG treatment.At the mRNA level,OsPIP1;2,Os-PIP1;3,OsPIP2;1 and OsPIP2;5 in roots as well as OsPIP1;2 and OsPIP1;3 in leaves were significantly up-regulatedin upland rice,whereas the corresponding genes remained unchanged or down-regulated in lowland rice.Meanwhile,weobserved a significant increase in the endogenous abscisic acid(ABA)level in upland rice but not in lowland rice underwater deficit.Treatment with 60μM ABA enhanced the expression of OsPIP1;2,OsPIP2;5 and OsPIP2;6 in roots andOsPIP1;2,OsPIP2;4 and OsPIP2;6 in leaves of upland rice.The responsiveness of PIP genes to water stress and ABAwere different,implying that the regulation of PIP genes involves both ABA-dependent and ABA-independent signalingpathways during water deficit.     

芸苔属植物CAL基因的结构特征与花球的形态遗传

Cauliflower curd is composed structurally of a number of shortened shoots on which there are tremendous amount of naked apical meristems. The authors isolated four pure lines of different curd types from cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) accessions: smooth curd (curd-s), haired curd (curd-h), crystal curd (curd-c) and thorned curd (curd-t). BobCAL genes was cloned separately from each pure line by PCR amplification and a termination mutation from AAG to TAG was found in the fifth exon of all four sequences, whereas DNA sequences of 638 bp upstream of the stop codons were identical, demonstrating that BobCAL is not the sole regulator of flower buds and cauline on curd. After crosses of cauliflower with cabbage (B.oleracea var. capitata) or broccoli (B.oleracea var. italica), the resultant F1 plants failed to form curd and had the diversity of inflorescence which implicates the relatedness of CAL to other regulators. One homologous gene of CAL, BcpCAL was isolated from Chinese cabbage (B.campestris L. ssp. pekinensis) and it was found not to have the termination mutation in the fifth exon, and thus the structure of BcpCAL gene was analyzed. The results offer molecular and genetic evidence for the study of biological function of CAL and morphological genetics of curd.     

不同群落中川鄂连蕊茶的生殖分配与个体大小之间关系的探讨

研究了缙云山川鄂连蕊茶 (Camelliarosthorniana) 在 3个群落类型中的生殖分配、生殖分配与个体大小之间的关系和座果率。结果表明 :1) 在地径 1.0~ 3.5cm范围内, 种群间生殖分配差异显著, 即毛竹林 >针阔混交林 >常绿阔叶林 ;在地径 1.0~ 5.0cm范围内, 针阔混交林和常绿阔叶林之间差异不显著 ;在地径 1.0~ 6.0cm范围内, 毛竹林显著高于针阔混交林和常绿阔叶林, 而针阔混交林和常绿阔叶林之间差异不显著 ;因此种群间生殖分配比较时, 应考虑种群间的大小分布。运用生殖分配的有关学说对川鄂连蕊茶生殖分配格局进行了解释, 生境稳定性学说和生活史理论假说相结合可以解释川鄂连蕊茶生殖分配格局。 2 ) 川鄂连蕊茶个体生殖分配与个体大小之间存在抛物线关系。 3) 种群密度对川鄂连蕊茶座果率没有影响。