东北地区6所高校校园种子植物属级相似性分析

校园植物能反映校园植物多样性水平。为了研究东北地区高校校园种子植物属组成的相似性,本研究以沈阳农业大学等6所位于东北地区的高校中的校园种子植物为研究对象,并选取北方极为常见的两个科：菊科（Asteraceae）和蔷薇科（Rosaceae）,研究其属组成的差异性与相似性。结果表明,6所高校校园种子植物属间相似性较高。菊科属的组成在各高校间差异性显著,蔷薇科属的组成在各高校相似性高。校园植物种类的多样性与差异性与校园面积、校园所处位置相关。本研究旨在为东北乃至其他地区高校校园生物多样性的进一步研究和其他高校校园植物调查提供基础。     

Young Seedling Stripe1 encodes a chloroplast nucleoid-associated protein required for chloroplast development in rice seedlings

Planta - Young Seedling Stripe1 (YSS1) was characterized as an important regulator of plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase (PEP) activity essential for chloroplast development at rice seedling...     

Chromosome-level genome assembly and characterization of Sophora Japonica

Sophora japonica is a medium-size deciduous tree belonging to Leguminosae family and famous for its high ecological, economic and medicinal value. Here, we reveal a draft genome of S. japonica, which was ∼511.49 Mb long (contig N50 size of 17.34 Mb) based on Illumina, Nanopore and Hi-C data. We reliably assembled 110 contigs into 14 chromosomes, representing 91.62% of the total genome, with an improved N50 size of 31.32 Mb based on Hi-C data. Further investigation identified 271.76 Mb (53.13%) of repetitive sequences and 31,000 protein-coding genes, of which 30,721 (99.1%) were functionally annotated. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that S. japonica separated from Arabidopsis thaliana and Glycine max ∼107.53 and 61.24 million years ago, respectively. We detected evidence of species-specific and common-legume whole-genome duplication events in S. japonica. We further found that multiple TF families (e.g. BBX and PAL) have expanded in S. japonica, which might have led to its enhanced tolerance to abiotic stress. In addition, S. japonica harbours more genes involved in the lignin and cellulose biosynthesis pathways than the other two species. Finally, population genomic analyses revealed no obvious differentiation among geographical groups and the effective population size continuously declined since 2 Ma. Our genomic data provide a powerful comparative framework to study the adaptation, evolution and active ingredients biosynthesis in S. japonica. More importantly, our high-quality S. japonica genome is important for elucidating the biosynthesis of its main bioactive components, and improving its production and/or processing.     

Wheat genomic study for genetic improvement of traits in China

Science China Life Sciences - Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major crop that feeds 40% of the world’s population. Over the past several decades, advances in genomics have led to...     

Evolution of Conserved Noncoding Sequences in Arabidopsis thaliana

Recent pangenome studies have revealed a large fraction of the gene content within a species exhibits presence–absence variation (PAV). However, coding regions alone provide an incomplete assessment of functional genomic sequence variation at the species level. Little to no attention has been paid to noncoding regulatory regions in pangenome studies, though these sequences directly modulate gene expression and phenotype. To uncover regulatory genetic variation, we generated chromosome-scale genome assemblies for thirty Arabidopsis thaliana accessions from multiple distinct habitats and characterized species level variation in Conserved Noncoding Sequences (CNS). Our analyses uncovered not only PAV and positional variation (PosV) but that diversity in CNS is nonrandom, with variants shared across different accessions. Using evolutionary analyses and chromatin accessibility data, we provide further evidence supporting roles for conserved and variable CNS in gene regulation. Additionally, our data suggests that transposable elements contribute to CNS variation. Characterizing species-level diversity in all functional genomic sequences may later uncover previously unknown mechanistic links between genotype and phenotype.     

氮磷添加对亚热带常绿阔叶林土壤微生物群落特征的影响

为了探讨氮磷添加对土壤微生物特点的影响,选择安徽省池州仙寓山常绿阔叶老龄林,设定了4个水平的氮磷添加试验,即对照(CK,0 kg N/hm~2)、低氮(LN,50 kg N/hm~2)、高氮(HN,100 kg N/hm~2)、高氮+磷(HN+P,100 kg N/hm~2+50 kg P/hm~2)。利用氯仿熏蒸法和Biolog微平板技术,分析不同水平氮磷添加对不同土层(0-10 cm、10-20 cm和20-30 cm)土壤微生物生物量C(MBC)、N(MBN)和微生物群落功能多样性的影响。结果表明:MBC、MBN随土层加深而降低,且差异性极显著,MBC与MBC/MBN比在氮磷添加后均表现出显著性差异;土壤微生物群落的代谢活性随土层加深而降低,HN与LN处理的土壤微生物活性最高;Mc Intosh、Shannon和Simpson多样性指数在不同土层和不同N、P添加水平上都存在差异,表层土壤微生物多样性指数差异性较为显著。土壤微生物对羧酸类、氨基酸类和碳水类碳源利用率最高;主成分分析显示不同土层的土壤微生物碳源利用上有明显的变化,表层土壤微生物碳源利用在不同N、P添加水平上有明显的空间变异性,其他土层分布较为集中,空间差异性主要表现在对碳水类与羧酸类碳源的利用上。土层与氮、磷添加剂量对土壤微生物生物量C、N及功能多样性都有显著影响,其中高氮处理对表层土壤微生物影响最大。     

黄刺玫叶片光合生理参数的土壤水分阈值响应及其生产力分级

在半干旱黄土丘陵区,以3年生天然次生灌木黄刺玫为材料,研究了叶片光合生理参数对土壤水分(RWC)的响应特征及光合生产力分级。结果表明:当RWC在33.8%—81.3%时,叶片净光合速率(Pn)和蒸腾速率(Tr)的变化曲线为明显的双峰曲线;上午阶段(11:00时之前)Pn的下降主要是气孔限制引起的,下午以非气孔限制为主;随着RWC的增加,Pn、Tr第1峰值出现的时间延后;在此水分范围内,Pn日均值一直维持在较高水平,Pn最高值((8.5±1.8)mmol·m-2·s-1)出现在RWC为71.7%时。水分利用效率(WUE)对RWC的响应有所差异,当RWC大于47.1%时,WUE呈不明显的双峰曲线,第1峰值出现在13:00时,并且前后时段WUE变化不大。RWC为47.1%时,WUE维持在最高水平,日均值为(2.72±0.59)μmol/mmol。根据Pn、Tr、WUE和RWC的定量分析,以及从黄土丘陵区生态、经济效益同时考虑,适合黄刺玫生长的RWC在33.8%—71.7%之间。以光合生理参数为指标对黄刺玫土壤水分有效性及生产力进行分级与评价,确定RWC90.4%或RWC33.8%时为"中产中效水";RWC在71.7%—81.3%和47.1%—71.7%时分别为"高产中效水"和"高产高效水",!其中RWC在57.4%左右时为"最优产效水";RWC在18.8%—26.5%时为"低产低效水"。