Evidence for an Adenovirus Type 2-Coded Early Glycoprotein

We have identified an adenovirus type 2 (Ad2)-induced early glycopolypeptide with an apparent molecular weight of 20,000 to 21,000 (20/21K), as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The 20/21K polypeptide could be labeled in vivo with [(3)H]glucosamine. [(35)S]methionine- and [(3)H]-glucosamine-labeled 20/21K polypeptides bound to concanavalin A-Sepharose columns and were eluted with 0.2 M methyl-alpha-d-mannoside. The pulse-labeled polypeptide appeared as a sharp band with an apparent molecular weight of 21K, but after a chase it converted to multiple bands with an average molecular weight of 20K. This variability in electrophoretic mobility is consistent with glycosylation or deglycosylation of the 20/21K polypeptide. Analysis of the pulse and pulse-chase-labeled forms by using partial proteolysis indicated that the polypeptides were highly related chemically, but not identical. Most of the 20/21K polypeptide is localized in the cytoplasm fraction of infected cells lysed by Nonidet P-40. The 20/21K polypeptide and a 44K polypeptide, labeled with [(35)S]methionine or [(3)H]glucosamine in Ad2-infected human cells, were precipitated by a rat antiserum against an Ad2-transformed rat cell line (T2C4), but not by antisera against three other Ad2-transformed rat cell lines, or by serum from nonimmune rats. The partial proteolysis patterns of the 20/21K and the 44K polypeptides were indistinguishable, indicating that the two polypeptides are highly related, and suggesting that the 44K polypeptide might be a dimer of the 20/21K polypeptide. The 20/21K polypeptide was also induced in Ad2-early infected monkey and hamster cells. These results imply that the 20/21K polypeptide is synthesized in Ad2-infected human, monkey, and hamster cells, and in one but not all Ad2-transformed rat cells. Thus, the 20/21K polypeptide is probably viral coded rather than cell coded and viral induced.     

A Multiplexed Assay for Exon Recognition Reveals that an Unappreciated Fraction of Rare Genetic Variants Cause Large-Effect Splicing Disruptions

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Synthesis of N-protected peptide alcohols catalyzed by subtilisin or alpha-chymotrypsin in organic solvents

A series of N-protected peptide alcohols were synthesized using amino alcohols with unprotected hydroxy groups as amino components by the catalysis of subtilisin or alpha-chymotrypsin in organic solvents. N-protected aromatic amino acid esters were more suitable as acyl donors for subtilisin. The influences of different N-protecting groups, organic solvents, and content of water on synthesis of N-protected peptide alcohols were systematically studied.     

不同年龄阶段马占相思( Acacia mangium)人工林营养元素的生物循环

对马占相思人工林6种营养元素(N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S)的含量、积累、分布和生物循环特点以及随林分年龄的变化趋势进行了研究.结果表明(1)林木不同组分营养元素含量的大小次序为树叶＞干皮＞活枝＞枯枝或树根＞干材;各组分和凋落物中营养元素含量以N最高,其次是Ca或K,然后是S和Mg,P最低;林地土壤中,以K的含量最高,其次是Ca、Mg、N和P,S最低;随林龄的增加,0～40cm土壤N、P和S含量呈增加趋势;(2)4年、7年生和11年生林分营养元素总积累量分别为1022.08、1997.08和2633.45 kg·hm-2,其中乔木层营养元素贮存量依次占73.64%、82.39% 和83.65%,林下植被层依次占13.74%、8.74%和6.20%,地表现存凋落物层依次占12.62%、8.87%和10.16%;乔木层以N积累量最大,占总贮存量的53.90%～60.07%,P最小,仅占0.90%～1.23%;(3)马占相思林中不同组分营养元素积累量的分配随林龄的增长发生变化,由4年生以树叶和树枝占主导,逐渐转移到7年生和11年生以干材和树皮为主导;(4)林分营养元素年积累量依次为7年生(235.06 kg·hm-2·a-1)＞11年生(200.26 kg·hm-2·a-1)＞4年生(188.16kg·hm-2·a-1);林木各组分营养元素年积累量总的变化趋势为树干＞树叶＞树枝＞根系＞树皮,同一组分各营养元素年积累量与各组分营养元素积累量变化顺序一致,即为N＞Ca＞K＞S＞M＞P;(5)林分营养元素年吸收量分别为382.35、432.04 kg·hm-2·a-1和403.15 kg·hm-2·a-1,年归还量分别为194.19、196.98 kg·hm-2·a-1和202.89 kg·hm-2·a-1,营养元素的循环系数分别为0.51、0.46和0.50,利用系数为0.51、0.26和0.18,周转期为3.88、8.35和10.86.可见,马占相思人工林早期营养元素利用率低,归还速率较快,林分生长到近熟期(11a)时营养元素的周转期较长,但其归还速率仍然较快,有利于林地地力的恢复、维持和提高.     

植物miRNA及其在植物发育进程和环境胁迫响应中的潜在功能

文章介绍植物miRNA的产生、作用和miRNA的靶基因发掘以及miRNA在植物发育进程和环境胁迫响应中的潜在功能研究进展。     

豌豆蚜基因组P450基因家族的分析

细胞色素P450在各种内源和外源物质代谢中起着非常重要的作用。利用豌豆蚜Acyrthosiphon pisum基因组mRNA和氨基酸数据库研究P450基因功能的进化规律。通过生物信息学方法对豌豆蚜全基因组P450进行分析, 结果显示: 在豌豆蚜基因组中发现69个P450基因, 它们分别属于13个P450家族和18个亚家族, 是一个典型的多基因家族。进一步将这些基因与豌豆蚜ESTs数据库进行了比对分析, 其中39个候选基因有EST证据, 证明了这些P450基因在转录水平的真实性。以氨基酸相似度大于60%为标准对豌豆蚜基因组中P450基因进行分组, 69个P450基因中, 除18个基因序列因差异太大, 不能被归入任何一组, 其余51个可归入10个组, 其中8个组(包含47条序列)适合于正选择和基因转换分析。正选择和基因转换分析结果表明: 仅有1个组(含9个基因)显著受到正选择压力作用, 正选择概率大于95%的氨基酸位点分别是20T和27N, 20T位于底物识别位点SRS1, 27N位于D. helix; 有3个组(包含8个基因）显示显著的基因转换事件。 参与基因转换的基因均为CYP4家族成员, 分别是CYP4C, CYP4G和CYP4V亚家族。 参与基因转换的成员之间的蛋白相似度较高（70％~95％）, 且XM_001944991与XM_001951794同存在于SCAFFOLD12542上, XM_001945510与XM_001944057同存在于SCAFFOLD7010上。这可能暗示豌豆蚜P450基因通过基因复制, 然后通过基因转换使P450获得新的功能, 以适应多变的生存环境。此外, 鉴定出20个不同的基序, 其中有5条基序在90％以上的基因中出现。      

Behavioral and electrophysiological responses of Helicoverpa assulta, H. armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), their F1 hybrids and backcross progenies to sex pheromone component blends

Two sibling species, Helicoverpa assulta and Helicoverpa armigera both use (Z)-9-hexadecenal and (Z)-11-hexadecenal as their sex pheromone components but in almost reversed ratios, 93:7 and 3:97, respectively. H. assulta and H. armigera males performed upwind flight in response to the H. assulta sex pheromone blend (93:7). H. armigera responded strongly to the H. armigera blend (3:97), whereas H. assulta males remained inactive upon exposure to this blend. Both species gave clear dose-dependent electrophysiological responses to (Z)-11-hexadecenal. However, (Z)-9-hexadecenal evoked strong dose-dependent electrophysiological responses in H. assulta males but not in H. armigera. The two male F₁ hybrids exhibited similar behavioral responses to two sex pheromone blends and electrophysiological responses to two pheromone components as H. armigera males. This indicated that H. armigera genes appear dominant in determining the behavioral response and electrophysiological responses. Behavioral and electrophysiological responses of backcrosses of male F₁ hybrids (H. armigera female × H. assulta male) with female H. assulta and H. armigera were close to that of H. assulta and H. armigera, respectively. However, backcrosses of female F₁ hybrids (H. assulta female × H. armigera male) with male H. assulta and H. armigera showed reduced behavioral responses but normal electrophysiological responses compared to males of the respective parental line.     

Synthesis of analogues of flazin, in particular, flazinamide, as promising anti-HIV agents

Flazin isolated from the fruiting bodies of Suillus granulatus was found to possess weak anti-HIV activity (EC(50)=2.36 microM, TI=12.1). To establish a SAR study, 46 flazin analogues were synthesized, and their anti-HIV activities were evaluated in vitro. Among them, flazinamide (9a) showed the most potent activity with an EC(50) value of 0.38 microM and a TI value of 312.0. The results suggested that appropriate substituents at positions 3, 1', and 5' of flazin might play a crucial role in determining their anti-HIV activities, and that flazinamide can be considered as a promising, readily available anti-HIV agent.     

硝态氮对黄瓜子叶谷氨酰胺合成酶和谷氨酸脱氢酶活性的影响

在硝态氮存在或缺乏的条件下,测定了黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L．)种子萌发和子叶发育过程中子叶可溶性蛋白质含量以及谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)和谷氨酸脱氢酶(NAD(H)-GDH)活性的变化。在子叶发育初期,无论外源氮存在与否,每对子叶可溶性蛋白质含量和GS、NADH—GDH、NAD^ -GDH活性随发育上升。在外源氮存在下,第4d后,可溶性蛋白质含量虽有所下降,但基本保持恒定;第6d后,GS和NADH—GDH活性逐渐降低,NAD^ -GDH却相反增高。但在无外源氮条件下,于第4d后,可溶性蛋白质水平以及GS、NADH—GDH和NAD^ -GDH活性都逐渐降低。在子叶发育的整个过程中,外源氮对GS和NAD^ -GDH活性有促进作用,尤其是在子叶发育的后期对NAD^ -GDH活性的促进更为明显。     

生物的热休克反应研究进展

介绍了生物应激反应的基本概念、基本知识、研究概况、热休克蛋白的作用及与细胞凋亡的关系。