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1.
Fragile X syndrome is a developmental disorder that affects sensory systems. A null mutation of the Fragile X Mental Retardation protein 1 (Fmr1) gene in mice has varied effects on developmental plasticity in different sensory systems, including normal barrel cortical plasticity, altered ocular dominance plasticity and grossly impaired auditory frequency map plasticity. The mutation also has different effects on long-term synaptic plasticity in somatosensory and visual cortical neurons, providing insights on how it may differentially affect the sensory systems. Here we present evidence that long-term potentiation (LTP) is impaired in the developing auditory cortex of the Fmr1 knockout (KO) mice. This impairment of synaptic plasticity is consistent with impaired frequency map plasticity in the Fmr1 KO mouse. Together, these results suggest a potential role of LTP in sensory map plasticity during early sensory development. 相似文献
2.
The CD genome species in the genus Oryza are endemic to Latin America, including O. alta, O. grandiglumis and O. latifolia. Origins and phylogenetic relationship of these species have long been in dispute and are still ambiguous due to their homogeneous genome type, similar morphological characteristics and overlapping distribution. In the present study, we sequenced two chloroplast fragments (matK and trnL-trnF) and portions of three nuclear genes (Adh1, Adh2 and GPA1) from sixteen accessions representing seven species with the C, CD, and E genomes, as well as one G genome species as the outgroup. Phylogenetic analyses using parsimony and distance methods strongly supported that the CD genome originated from a single hybridization event, and that the C genome species (O. officinalis or O. rhizomatis instead of O. eichingeri) served as the maternal parent while the E genome species (O. australiensis) was the paternal donor during the formation of CD genome. In addition, the consistent phylogenetic relationships among the CCDD species indicated that significant divergence existed between O. latifolia and the other two (O. alta and O. grandiglumis), which corroborated the suggestion of treating the latter two as a single species or as taxa within species.We thank Tao Sang of Michigan State University (East Lansing, USA) and Bao-rong Lu of Fudan University (Shanghai, China) for their encouragement and assistance. We are also grateful to the International Rice Research Institute (Manila, Philippines) for providing plant material for this study. This research was supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (kscxz-sw-101A), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30025005) and the Program for Key International S & T Cooperation Project of P. R. China (2001CB711103). 相似文献
3.
“Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” (CLas) is an uncultureable α-proteobacterium associated with citrus Huanglongbing (HLB, yellow shoot disease), a highly destructive disease affecting citrus production worldwide. HLB was observed in Guangdong Province of China over a hundred years ago and remains endemic there. Little is known about CLas biology due to its uncultureable nature. This study began with the genome sequence analysis of CLas Strain A4 from Guangdong in the prophage region. Within the two currently known prophage types, Type 1 (SC1-like) and Type 2 (SC2-like), A4 genome contained only a Type 2 prophage, CGdP2, namely. An analysis on CLas strains collected in Guangdong showed that Type 2 prophage dominated the bacterial population (82.6%, 71/86). An extended survey covering five provinces in southern China also revealed the predominance of single prophage (Type 1 or Type 2) in the CLas population (90.4%, 169/187). CLas strains with two and no prophage types accounted for 7.2% and 2.8%, respectively. In silico analyses on CGdP2 identified a CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/cas (CRISPR-associated protein genes) system, consisting of four 22 bp repeats, three 23 bp spacers and 9 predicted cas. Similar CRISPR/cas systems were detected in all 10 published CLas prophages as well as 13 CLas field strains in southern China. Both Type 1 and Type 2 prophages shared almost identical sequences in spacer 1 and 3 but not spacer 2. Considering that the function of a CRISPR/cas system was to destroy invading DNA, it was hypothesized that a pre-established CLas prophage could use its CRISPR/cas system guided by spacer 1 and/or 3 to defeat the invasion of the other phage/prophage. This hypothesis explained the predominance of single prophage type in the CLas population in southern China. This is the first report of CRISPR/cas system in the “Ca. Liberibacter” genera. 相似文献
4.
Juan Huang Jialin Wang Lijie Gu Jinfang Bao Jun Yin Zhihuan Tang Ling Wang Weijie Yuan 《PloS one》2013,8(11)
A low-protein diet supplemented with ketoacids maintains nutritional status in patients with diabetic nephropathy. The activation of autophagy has been shown in the skeletal muscle of diabetic and uremic rats. This study aimed to determine whether a low-protein diet supplemented with ketoacids improves muscle atrophy and decreases the increased autophagy observed in rats with type 2 diabetic nephropathy. In this study, 24-week-old Goto-Kakizaki male rats were randomly divided into groups that received either a normal protein diet (NPD group), a low-protein diet (LPD group) or a low-protein diet supplemented with ketoacids (LPD+KA group) for 24 weeks. Age- and weight-matched Wistar rats served as control animals and received a normal protein diet (control group). We found that protein restriction attenuated proteinuria and decreased blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels. Compared with the NPD and LPD groups, the LPD+KA group showed a delay in body weight loss, an attenuation in soleus muscle mass loss and a decrease of the mean cross-sectional area of soleus muscle fibers. The mRNA and protein expression of autophagy-related genes, such as Beclin-1, LC3B, Bnip3, p62 and Cathepsin L, were increased in the soleus muscle of GK rats fed with NPD compared to Wistar rats. Importantly, LPD resulted in a slight reduction in the expression of autophagy-related genes; however, these differences were not statistically significant. In addition, LPD+KA abolished the upregulation of autophagy-related gene expression. Furthermore, the activation of autophagy in the NPD and LPD groups was confirmed by the appearance of autophagosomes or autolysosomes using electron microscopy, when compared with the Control and LPD+KA groups. Our results showed that LPD+KA abolished the activation of autophagy in skeletal muscle and decreased muscle loss in rats with type 2 diabetic nephropathy. 相似文献
5.
Yan-Hong He Guo-Gui Ning Ya-Lin Sun Yan Hu Xing-Yu Zhao Man-Zhu Bao 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2010,26(1):19-29
A male sterile line was isolated in marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) and cytological analysis determined this to be a novel genic male sterility trait (Tems). Through the use of amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and bulked segregant analysis (BSA), tightly linked
markers of Tems were identified with a view towards a map-based cloning strategy. It was found that spontaneous homeotic conversion of floral
organs was the underlying cause of the male sterility in this marigold line. Thus, petals of male sterile plants resembled
sepal-like structures and the stamens were partially converted to styles, although without the full characteristics or function
of the true style organs. We have constructed a fine marker-based map for the Tems gene. This is intended to provide a tool for marker assisted selection (MAS) strategies in hybrid breeding and map-based
cloning strategies for the male sterility locus. We discuss the significance of this spontaneously derived genic male sterility
trait relating to the homeotic conversion of floral organs in marigold. 相似文献
6.
本文选择两种溶剂体系,用两次单向薄层层析,从小麦抗寒与不抗寒品系天然橡胶胶乳分离提纯出6种单半乳糖和双半乳糖双甘油酯。并比较了它们的疏水侧链的脂肪酸组成。小麦糖脂疏水侧链脂肪酸的不饱和指数远大于天然胶乳糖脂。抗寒品系胶乳糖脂疏水侧链脂肪酸不饱和指数大于不抗寒品系。双半乳糖双甘油酯疏水侧链脂肪酸不饱和指数均大于其单半乳糖糖脂。 相似文献
7.
坛紫菜原生质体的发育研究 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
用2%的海螺酶和1%的纤维素酶混合,将坛紫菜叶状体的4种不同细胞类型即:营养细胞、根丝细胞、精子囊和果孢子囊,分别解离成原生质体,并研究了这些不同部位和不同生长时期。细胞的生长、发育途径。由根丝细胞分离的原生质体能长成新的叶状体;由早期中部营养细胞分离的原生质体,有70%长成新的叶状体,其余的发育成精子囊和果孢子囊。再生叶状体在室内培养,能正常成熟。由精子囊和果孢子囊分离的原生质体,即精子细胞和果孢子细胞不能再生叶状体。前者形成新的精子囊放散精子,后者形成新的果孢子囊,放散果孢子发育成丝状体。晚期紫菜与早期紫菜比较,再生叶状体的数量显著减少,而发育成精子囊和果孢子囊的数量则大大增多。 相似文献
8.
Renmei Ren Kanhui Yan Yanjie Su Hanjun Qi Bin Liang Wunyong Bao Frans B. M. de Waal 《Primates; journal of primatology》1991,32(3):321-327
Observations were made following 130 spontaneous aggressive incidents in two small breeding groups of captive golden monkeys
(Rhinopithecus roxellanae roxellanae). Participants were observed both during the first 10 min following these incidents and during matched control observations.
An increased contact rate was observed between opponents following the aggressive incident. Post-conflict contacts were characterized
by a number of behavior patterns: open mouth, rapid grooming, embrace, and crouching. Adult males played an important role
as mediator in agonistic disputes among females: males intervened in 93.6% of female fights. It is speculated that this intervention
behavior is related to the species' organization into one-male units. 相似文献
9.
An epithermal neutron activation method is used to determine the concentration of mineral elements in human dental enamel.
A large number (252) of samples from ancient and modern origins are analyzed. The analytical results are mathematically processed
using a statistical multivariant method. This allows to differentiate deciduous from permanent teeth and decayed from sound
enamel. It is also possible to distinguish the teeth coming from two different necropoles. The origin and the localization
of determined elements in the mineralized part, or in the aqueous-organic part, of enamel is suggested. Their role, as witnessed
in the physiopathological phenomena of dental enamel, is discussed. 相似文献
10.
氟化物对桑蚕幼虫中肠ATP酶活性影响的电镜细胞化学定位 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
氟化物对桑蚕幼虫中肠ATP酶活性影响的电镜细胞化学定位陈玉银,包焕盛,吴玉澄(浙江农业大学杭州3100N)桑蚕Bombyxmori(L.)氟中毒导致蚕茧严重减产是目前蚕业界最为关切的问题,有关桑蚕幼虫氟中毒的机理研究也从各方面展开[11]。已知桑蚕氟... 相似文献