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1.
Addition of either abscisic acid (ABA) or kinetin at 10−6 M to salinized media (20–120mM NaCl) induced remarkable effects on growth ofPhaseolus vulgaris plants. Whereas ABA inhibited the plant growth and the rate of transpiration, kinetin induced stimulation of both parameters.
Moreover, ABA increased proline and phosphorus concentrations in the salinized plants whilst kinetin decreased them.
ABA induced stimulation of the transport of K, Ca and Cl from root to shoot, accumulation of K, Na and Cl in root cells and
inhibits the transport of Na and accumulation of Ca. Kinetin appeared to inhibit the transport and accumulation of Na and
Cl, transport of K, and stimulates the accumulation of K and Ca as well as the transport of Ca. The highest influence of both
ABA and kinetin was mostly observed when these hormones were used in combination with the highest concentration of NaCl (120
mM) in the medium. 相似文献
2.
Increasing salinity induced a marked reduction in the plant growth, thoughPhaseolus seedlings tolerated salinity up to 120 mM NaCI. A great reduction in sugar and protein contents occurred with increasing salinity, whereas soluble nitrogen compounds and the relative contents of the photosynthetic pigments were increased in the treated plants. Increasing Ca concentration in the salinized medium appeared to improve the plant growth and to increase the contents of saccharides and proteins in the NaCl-treated plants. This suggests that Ca could be added to salinized media to overcome the deleterious effects of salinity on the growth and productivity of leguminous crop plants. 相似文献
3.
Plastid development in germinating wheat (Triticum aestivum) is enhanced by gibberellic acid and delayed by gabaculine 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Etioplast development and protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) accumulation was studied in wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Walde, Weibull) grown in darkness on gibberellic acid (GA3 ), gabaculine (3-amino-2,3-dihydrobenzoic acid), or on a combination of the two. The results were compared with the features of seedlings grown on water only. GA3 enhanced shoot growth and promoted etioplast development. A correlation was observed between the appearance of prolamellar bodies (PLBs) and of phototransformable Pchlide. Gabaculine, a known tetrapyrrole biosynthesis inhibitor, delayed growth, slowed down the rate of PLB formation and caused structural alterations of the etioplasts up to 48 h of germination. Gabaculine also delayed the formation of phototransformable Pchlide as well as overall Pchlide biosynthesis, as determined by low-temperature fluorescence emission in vivo. The spectral blue-shift of newly formed chlorophyllide (Chlide) was delayed in irradiated dark-grown gabaculine-grown seedlings, indicating an inhibited dissociation of Chlide and NADPH-Pchlide oxidoreductase (Pchlide reductase: EC 1.3.1.33). Thus there is a close correlation between accumulation of Pchlide and etioplast development, also under conditions when development is enhanced or delayed. 相似文献
4.
Conformation and activity of chloroplast coupling factor exposed to low chemical potential of water in cells. 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
(1) Photophosphorylation, Ca2+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase activities of isolated chloroplasts were inhibited 55--65% when the chemical potential of water was decreased by dehydrating leaves to water potentials (psi w) of --25 bars before isolation of the plastids. The inhibition could be reversed in vivo by rehydrating the leaves. (2) These losses in activity were reflected in coupling factor (CF1) isolated from the leaves, since CF1 from leaves with low psi w had less Ca2+-ATPase activity than control CF1 and did not recouple phosphorylation in CF1-deficient chloroplasts. In contrast, CF1 from leaves having high psi w only partially recoupled phosphorylation by CF1-deficient chloroplasts from leaves havig low psi w. This indicated that low psi w affected chloroplast membranes as well as CF1 itself. (3) Coupling factor from leaves having low psi w had the same number of subunits, and the same electrophoretic mobility, and could be obtained with the same yields as CF1 from control leaves. However, direct measurements of fluorescence polarization, ultraviolet absorption, and circular dichroism showed that CF1 from leaves having low psi w differed from control CF1. The CF1 from leaves having low psi w also had decreased ability to bind fluorescent nucleotides (epsilon-ATP and epsilon-ADP). (4) Exposure of isolated CF1 to low psi w in vitro by preincubation in sucrose-containing media inhibited the Ca2+-ATPase activity of the protein in subsequent assays without sucrose. Inclusion of 5 or 10 mM Mg2+ in the preincubation medium markedly inhibited Ca2+-ATPase activity. (5) These results show that CF1 undergoes changes in cells which alter its phosphorylating ability. Since low cell psi w changed the spectroscopic properties but not other protein properties of CF1, the changes were most likely caused by altered confurn, photophosphorylation. The inhibition of ATPase activity in CF1 in vitro at low psi w and high ion concentration mimicked the change in activity seen in vivo. 相似文献
5.
Summary The effects of different concentrations of KCl, K2SO4, MgCl2 and MgSO4 on the growth in length of the first seminal root of wheat, and on the change in fresh and oven-dry weight of the seedling
and its component parts have been studied. The effect of mannitol was also investigated for comparison and to study the osmotic
action.
The effect of salts on root growth was dependent on salt species; all effects were specific to ions and not due to osmotic
activity of solution.
The growth of wheat roots was suppressed by concentrations of salts much lower than those required to suppress germination.
All solutions of KCl from 0.1 to 50 me/l checked the growth of the root; the retardation increased with increase of concentration.
In K2SO4 there was a slight activation of root growth for one day in 0.1 and 0.5 me/l; then the growth was suppressed after that.
In all other concentrations from 1 to 50 me/l the growth was retarded.
In MgCl2 or MgSO4 there was some activation of root elongation in 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 me/l; but higher concentrations retarded root growth. 相似文献
6.
The complete sequence of protein L17 which is a component of the large subunit of the E. coli ribosome has been determined. Peptides deriving from enzymatic hydrolysis with trypsin, thermolysin, chymotrypsin and S. aureus and A. mellea protease were isolated and sequenced by the DABITC/PITC double coupling method. Some overlapping peptides were obtained after mild acid cleavage of the protein. According to the amino acid sequence protein L17 contains 127 residues and has a molecular mass of 14 365. The primary structure of protein L17 agrees well with the amino acid analysis of the intact protein and its N-terminal sequence as derived from automatic sequencing in an improved Beckman sequencer. Secondary predictions and a search for homologous sequence stretches to other ribosomal proteins were made. 相似文献
7.
Younis N Sharma R Soran H Charlton-Menys V Elseweidy M Durrington PN 《Current opinion in lipidology》2008,19(4):378-384
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To highlight the potential importance of glycation as an atherogenic modification of LDL in both diabetic and nondiabetic people. RECENT FINDINGS: Small dense LDL which is known to be most closely associated with atherogenesis is more susceptible to glycation than more buoyant LDL. Glycation and oxidation of LDL appear to be intimately associated. SUMMARY: Glycation of LDL occurs chiefly due to the nonenzymatic reaction of glucose and its metabolites with the free amino groups of lysine in which LDL is rich. Higher concentrations of glycated LDL are present in diabetic than in nondiabetic individuals, but even in the latter, there is generally more circulating glycated LDL than oxidatively modified LDL. Probably, oxidation and glycation of LDL are at least partially interdependent, but both prevent LDL receptor-mediated uptake and promote macrophage scavenger receptor uptake. The recognition that LDL glycation is at least as important as oxidation in atherogenesis may lead to improvements in our understanding of its mechanism and how to prevent it. 相似文献
8.
Tomato seedlings absorbed increasing amounts of nitrate-N. The total uptake was doubled as the concentration of nitrate was quadruplicated. NO3?N absorption seemed to be accompanied by efflux of OH? ions which shift the pH of the media to the alkaline side. A minor fraction of the absorbed nitrate accumulated in the tissues while the major part was assimilated into peptides and proteins. The dry matter gain was by the end of experiment relatively higher than the control samples raised on nitrogen-free nutrient solution. Nitrate assimilation seemed to involve its reduction down to ammonia level. Since neither nitrite nor ammonia was recovered in the tissue-medium system, it was postulated that the rate of reduction was slower than the rate of product assimilation. The first step in nitrate reduction (nitrate→nitrate) appeared to be limiting while further reduction steps occurred rapidly and accompanied by simultaneous assimilation of ammonia. The enzyme responsible for the first step of nitrate reduction,i.e., nitrate reductase, was extracted from tomato shoots and roots. The activity in root extract amounted to about 30% of that of the shoot. This may suggest the localization of nitrate reduction in the leaves and realizes the relation between nitrate metabolism and photosynthesis. 相似文献
9.
Saleh Ahmed A. Eltantawy Mohammed S. Gawish Esraa M. Younis Hassan H. Amber Khairy A. Abd El-Moneim Abd El-Moneim E. Ebeid Tarek A. 《Biological trace element research》2020,195(2):506-514
Biological Trace Element Research - The objectives of this study were to investigate the impact of dietary organic mineral mixture (manganese, zinc, and copper) supplementation on reproductive... 相似文献
10.