下一代益生菌Akk菌的研究进展

Akk菌(Akkermansia muciniphila)是具有巨大发展潜力的下一代益生菌,被广泛认为是改善炎症性肠病、肠易激综合征、糖尿病、肥胖症和渐冻症等疾病的一种新的潜在候选菌。近年来,随着人们对肠道共生菌重视程度的加深和各种组学技术的发展,Akk菌迅速成为益生菌研究领域的热点。然而,目前国内外有关Akk菌最新研究进展的归纳总结仍较少。因此,本文对近十年国内外有关Akk菌取得的最新研究进展进行综述,从Akk菌对宿主健康的调控作用,Akk菌的分离、鉴定和培养,以及Akk菌研究面临的挑战、机遇和前景等几方面进行阐述,以期为国内外同行对Akk菌的进一步深入研究和开发提供参考。     

大鼠液压冲击脑损伤热休克蛋白70基因表达的研究

目的：观察大鼠侧位液压冲击脑损伤时ＨＳＰ７０的表达分布特点及时序性变化。方法：雄性ＳＤ大鼠,给以０．２ＭＰａ液压冲击,造成脑损伤,应用免疫组织化学技术观察冲击后不同时间ＨＳＰ７０在脑组织内的表达特点。结果：冲击侧大脑皮层和脑干ＳＨＰ７０阳性神经辊冲击后２ｈ和４ｈ出现,７并逐渐增强直至１２ｈ;冲击后４ｈ,冲击侧海马ＨＳＰ７０免疫阳性细胞开始出现,４￣１２ｈ,海马ＨＳＰ７０免疫阳性细胞数无明显改变。结     

寡肽转运蛋白PepT2原核表达质粒的构建及其表达初探

寡肤转运蛋白(PepT2,peptide transporter,SLC15A2)是哺乳动物体内能够转运二肤、三肽的蛋白.研究表明,一些类肽的小分子药物也是PepT2的底物,但PepT2的结构与生物学功能尚待研究.建立稳定表达PepT2的表达体系是研究PepT2的重要环节.根据GenBank中人PepT2基因序列,借助Primer5.0设计了1对寡核苷酸引物,经PCR合成长达2 190bp的目的序列,通过重组构建pET30a(+)/PepT2表达质柱,测序分析确认目的基因中的3个碱基发生突变.初步研究了pET30a(+)/PepT2在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)pLysS中的表达,为PepT2原核表达的进一步科研和实际应用奠定了基础.     

桂枝化学成分研究北大核心CSCD

桂枝是临床常用中药,本课题组前期发现桂枝乙醇提取物具有抑制程序性细胞坏死的生理活性。为进一步阐明桂枝的化学成分和更好地开发利用桂枝药用资源,该文采用大孔吸附树脂、硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱层析、制备型高效液相色谱等多种方法对桂枝75%乙醇提取物进行了研究。此次报道从中得到的13个单体化合物,它们的结构经波谱数据分析及文献对照鉴定为脱落酸(1)、蚱蜢酮(2)、2,3-二羟基-1-(4-羟基-3,5-二甲氧基苯基)-1-丙酮(3)、赤型-1,2,3-三羟基苯丙烷(4)、1-苯基-1,3-丙二醇(5)、香豆素(6)、肉桂酸(7)、对羟基肉桂酸(8)、邻羟基肉桂酸(9)、邻甲氧基肉桂酸(10)、肉桂醛(11)、阿魏酸(12)、咖啡酸乙酯(13)。其中1-5、12和13为首次从桂枝中分离得到。     

Variation on Composition and Bioactivity of Essential Oils of Four Common Curcuma Herbs

Chemical compositions, antioxidative, antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities of essential oils extracted from four common Curcuma species (Curcuma longa, Curcuma phaeocaulis, Curcuma wenyujin, and Curcuma kwangsiensis) rhizomes in P. R. China are comparatively studied. In total, 47, 49, 35, and 30 compounds are identified in C. longa, C. phaeocaulis, C. wenyujin, and C. kwangsiensis essential oils by GC/MS, and their richest compounds are ar‐turmerone (21.67%), elemenone (19.41%), curdione (40.23%) and (36.47%), respectively. Moreover, C. kwangsiensis essential oils display the strongest DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) radical‐scavenging activity (IC₅₀, 3.47 μg/ml), much higher than ascorbic acid (6.50 μg/ml). C. phaeocaulis oils show the best antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli (MIC, 235.54 μg/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (391.31 μg/ml) and Staphylococcus aureus (378.36 μg/ml), while C. wenyujin and C. kwangsiensis oils show optimum activities against Candida albicans (208.61 μg/ml) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (193.27 μg/ml), respectively. C. phaeocaulis (IC₅₀, 4.63 μg/ml) and C. longa essential oils (73.05 μg/ml) have the best cytotoxicity against LNCaP and HepG2, respectively. C. kwangsiensis oils also exhibit the strongest anti‐inflammatory activities by remarkably down‐regulating expression of COX‐2 and TNF‐α. Therefore, due to their different chemical compositions and bioactivities, traditional Chinese Curcuma herbs should be differentially served as natural additives for food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic.     

毛梗豨莶乙酸乙酯部位化学成分及生物活性研究

毛梗豨莶草(Siegesbeckia glabresce)的乙酸乙酯萃取部位具有显著的抑制细胞坏死性凋亡(necroptosis)的活性。为明确毛梗豨莶草的活性成分,该研究采用正相硅胶柱色谱谱(二氯甲烷∶甲醇20∶1～0∶1)、反相ODS柱色谱(30%～100%甲醇)、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱、重结晶等方法对毛梗豨莶草乙酸乙酯萃取部位进行了化学成分分离和纯化,并根据理化性质和波谱数据进行了结构鉴定。结果表明:从毛梗豨莶乙酸乙酯部位分离并鉴定了9个化合物,分别为3,7-二甲氧基槲皮素(1)、芹菜素(2)、奥卡宁(3)、okanin-4’-O-β-D-6″-trans-p-coumaroylglucoside(4)、1H-Indole-3-carbaldehyde(5)、对羟基苯甲醛(6)、3,5-二甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲醛(7)、3,4-divanillyltetrahydrofuran(8)、buddlenol D(9)。除化合物1和化合物6外,其余7个化合物均为首次从豨莶属植物中分离得到。     

镉吸附细菌的分离及其对土壤镉的固定

[目的] 探究镉吸附细菌是否能够高效固定土壤有效镉（Cd）,为土壤有效Cd的微生物固定提供理论依据。[方法] 利用含Cd²⁺牛肉膏蛋白胨液体培养基对细菌进行Cd的耐受性测试筛选出镉抗性强的菌株;通过16S rRNA基因相似性及系统进化分析鉴定耐镉细菌,将菌细胞加入含CdCl₂溶液中进行Cd²⁺吸附效率测定;通过土培模拟实验,测定土壤pH、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有机质、CEC、有效Cd及微生物数量来分析镉吸附细菌对镉污染土壤的影响。[结果] 从德阳鱼腥草根际土壤中分离获得的57株细菌对Cd²⁺表现出不同程度的抗性,并从中筛选出3株耐Cd优势细菌普罗威登斯菌属（Providencia）DY8、芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）DY3和芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）DY1-4。其对溶液中的Cd²⁺表现出较好的吸附作用,吸附效率随着Cd²⁺浓度升高而降低。DY8、DY3、DY1-4能使镉污染土壤中有效Cd含量分别降低72.11%、68.55%、62.32%,同时显著提高镉污染土壤中碱解氮、有效磷的含量。[结论] Cd污染农田土壤中含有丰富的耐Cd微生物资源,Cd吸附细菌能降低土壤中有效Cd的含量,且能有效改善土壤养分条件。     

祁连山东段高原鼢鼠暖季活动节律及其影响因素

正动物活动节律是在光周期、外界环境和内在生理机制共同调节下,动物表现出的休息和活动规律,它可以反映出动物个体营养状况、生存压力及社会地位等信息,是研究动物生态行为策略的重要依据(孙儒泳,2006)。尚玉昌(2006)认为温度和光照强度变化直接影响动物行为,而食物资源和天敌数量变化则能间接影响动物行为。目前对于地上栖息的啮齿动物活动节律及其影响因素已有许多报道(金建丽等,2003;纪春艳等,2005;宛新荣     

The structure of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Gc is revealed; many more still need an answer

Highlights
1. The structure of glycoprotein Gc, responsible for mediating membrane fusion between cell and CCHFV, is revealed, but many more mysteries remain.
2. Why do only antibodies against Gc have neutralizing effect, but not the one against Gn?
3. Why can NAbs against Gc only be protective in the animals in preventive settings, but not in the therapeutic administration?     

Genome dynamics and diversity of Shigella species, the etiologic agents of bacillary dysentery

The Shigella bacteria cause bacillary dysentery, which remains a significant threat to public health. The genus status and species classification appear no longer valid, as compelling evidence indicates that Shigella, as well as enteroinvasive Escherichia coli, are derived from multiple origins of E.coli and form a single pathovar. Nevertheless, Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 causes deadly epidemics but Shigella boydii is restricted to the Indian subcontinent, while Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei are prevalent in developing and developed countries respectively. To begin to explain these distinctive epidemiological and pathological features at the genome level, we have carried out comparative genomics on four representative strains. Each of the Shigella genomes includes a virulence plasmid that encodes conserved primary virulence determinants. The Shigella chromosomes share most of their genes with that of E.coli K12 strain MG1655, but each has over 200 pseudogenes, 300 approximately 700 copies of insertion sequence (IS) elements, and numerous deletions, insertions, translocations and inversions. There is extensive diversity of putative virulence genes, mostly acquired via bacteriophage-mediated lateral gene transfer. Hence, via convergent evolution involving gain and loss of functions, through bacteriophage-mediated gene acquisition, IS-mediated DNA rearrangements and formation of pseudogenes, the Shigella spp. became highly specific human pathogens with variable epidemiological and pathological features.