Sexual Selection of Zorion guttigerum Westwood (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae) in Relation to Body Size and Color

Zorion guttigerum is a flower-visiting longhorned beetle endemic to New Zealand. Sexual selection of this species in relation to the body size and color form of different sexes was investigated in the field. The population sex ratio, based on censuses of feeding and mating sites (flowers), is male-biased. Females are significantly larger than males. Both sexes have antennae of similar length but the antennal length relative to the elytral length is greater in males than in females, and the antennal length of males increases more with an increase in body size than that of females. Both sexes have dark blue (DB) and yellowish-brown (YB) individuals. Both pair-bonded and solitary males are similar in elytral and antennal length. In pair-bonded males, DB individuals are significantly more numerous than YB ones, but in solitary males, the number of both color forms is similar. Males tend to have territory protection behavior, fighting with and chasing away rival males from feeding and mating sites. Larger males usually win the fight but the size-dependent fighting advantage does not translate into mating success. Male color plays an important role in mating success, with DB males having a significantly better chance to mate than YB males. Furthermore, male body size and color also have interactions in mating success: males of DB color morph obtain a greater mating advantage according to body size. Pair-bonded females are significantly larger and have longer antennae than solitary females, suggesting that males prefer larger females for mating. In addition, females of DB color morph with longer antennae are also preferred by males for mating. The significance of these findings is discussed.     

HBV preS/S基因克隆及其在酿酒酵母中的表达

目的:探索利用酿酒酵母系统表达乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)preS／S基因。方法:利用PCR技 术,以HBV病毒DNA为模板,体外扩增HBV preS／S基因。然后构建重组表达载体pESC-preS／S。 用LiAc法转化酿酒酵母YPH50,选取重组菌进行培养,并诱导表达外源蛋白。提取蛋白浓缩后 进行SDS-PAGE分析,并经Western blot分析鉴定。结果:实验结果表明重组菌能够表达HBV preS／S蛋白。结论:利用酿酒酵母系统可成功表达HBV preS／S基因,为制备新型预防性疫苗提供 条件。     

克毒丹防治斑节对虾Penaeus monodon Fabricius苗种病毒的试验

全球气候异常,“埃厄尔诺”现象的频频发生,在一定程度上造成生态不平衡,至使１９９３年世界范围虾病的大流行,而我国尤为严重,产量大幅度下降。在斑节对虾ＰｅｎａｅｕｓｍｏｎｏｄｏｎＦａｂｒｉｃｉｕｓ育苗期间,发生虾病毒而引起苗种大量死亡的现象,使用抗生素仍无法控制其死亡。使用克毒丹０２×１０－６～０６×１０－６浸洒苗池,以便改变其微生态环境,又相间使用虾丹特号药物。结果苗种成活率比对照组平均提高１１％以上,从而达到控制病毒的试验效果。     

十八个产地兴安落叶松种皮微形态的研究

对18个不同产地的兴安落叶松种皮微形态进引扫描电镜观察。结果表明,种子背面均为条网状纹饰,腹面为拟脑状纹饰,种孔周围呈条带状皱波纹饰,种孔周围形态存在三种类型。种皮纹饰在种内基本上是稳定的,其中腹面纹饰较背面纹饰的变异幅度大。种皮纹饰特征可以作为兴安落叶松种子鉴定的依据之一。     

Energy intake and adiponectin gene expression

Hypoadiponectinemia and decreased adiponectin gene expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) have been well observed in obese subjects and animal models. However, the mechanism for obesity-associated hypoadiponectinemia is still largely unknown. To investigate the regulatory role of energy intake, dietary fat, and adiposity in adiponectin gene expression and blood adiponectin level, a series of feeding regimens was employed to manipulate energy intake and dietary fat in obese-prone C57BL/6, genetically obese ob/ob, obese-resistant A/J and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α gene knockout (PPARα KO) mice. Adiponectin gene expression in WAT and circulating adiponectin levels were studied in these dietary intervention-treated mice. Our study showed that calorie restriction (CR) robustly increased adiponectin gene expression in epididymal fat and blood adiponectin levels in both low-fat (LF) and high-fat (HF) diet-fed C57BL/6 mice. Although HF pair-fed C57BL/6 mice received the same amount of calories as LF ad libitum-fed mice, HF diet clearly increased adiposity but showed no significant effects on adiponectin gene expression and blood adiponectin level. CR also significantly increased blood adiponectin levels in ob/ob and A/J mice. Neither CR nor HF feeding displayed any significant effect on blood adiponectin half-life in C57BL/6 mice. Interestingly, CR increased PPARα expression in epididymal fat of C57BL/6 mice. Low levels of blood adiponectin and adiponectin gene expression in WAT were observed in PPARα KO mice. PPARα agonist treatment increased adiponectin mRNA levels in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, CR failed to increase adiponectin gene expression and blood adiponectin levels in PPARα KO mice. Therefore, our study demonstrated that energy intake, not dietary fat, plays an important role in regulating adiponectin gene expression and blood adiponectin level. PPARα mediates CR-enhanced adiponectin gene expression in WAT.     

分泌性中耳炎患者外周血Th1Th2细胞及T淋巴细胞亚群水平的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨分泌性中耳炎(SOM)患者外周血T辅助细胞1(Th1)、T辅助细胞2(Th2)细胞因子及T淋巴细胞亚群水平的表达及其临床意义。方法:选取我院于2015年1月至2018年1月期间收治的SOM患者135例记为SOM组,根据病程将患者分为急性组(病程14d,49例)、亚急性组(病程14-30d,53例)、慢性组(病程30d,33例)。另外选择同期于我院进行体检的100例健康者为对照组。分别对比SOM组和对照组受试者、不同病程SOM患者外周血Th1细胞因子[干扰素(INF-γ)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)]、Th2细胞因子[白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)]以及T淋巴细胞亚群[CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+]水平。采用Pearson相关性分析INF-γ、IL-2、IL-4、IL-10与CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+的相关性。结果:SOM组患者外周血INF-γ、IL-2、IL-4、IL-10水平高于对照组(P0.05);急性组患者外周血INF-γ、IL-2、IL-4、IL-10水平低于亚急性组、慢性组,亚急性组患者外周血INF-γ、IL-2、IL-4、IL-10水平低于慢性组(P0.05)。SOM组患者外周血CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+水平低于对照组,CD8~+水平高于对照组(P0.05);急性组患者外周血CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+水平高于亚急性组、慢性组,CD8~+水平低于亚急性组、慢性组,亚急性组患者外周血CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+水平高于慢性组,CD8~+水平低于慢性组(P0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,SOM患者外周血INF-γ、IL-4与CD8~+呈正相关(P0.05),IL-4与CD3~+、CD4~+呈负相关(P0.05)。结论:SOM患者外周血Th1Th2细胞因子、T淋巴细胞亚群水平均表现异常,且其水平与疾病发生和发展存在一定联系,通过监测Th1Th2细胞因子、T淋巴细胞亚群有助于评估SOM患者病情。     

基于水文平衡的湿地退化驱动因子定量研究

作为地球上最为重要的生态系统类型之一,湿地与森林、海洋并称为地球三大生态系统。但是,近年来湿地生态系统退化速度远大于其他类型生态系统,开展湿地退化的定量评估分析研究对于湿地生态系统的保护和恢复具有重要意义。选择北京城市湿地为研究对象,利用卫星遥感数据分别提取得到1991年和2007年的湿地面积,基于湿地水量平衡理论和湿地水文方程方法,定量评估分析了导致湿地退化的原因和不同驱动因子的贡献率。结果表明:(1)与1991年相比,2007年北京湿地减少约6275.31 hm2,约占1991年北京湿地总面积的24.46%。显著退化区域主要发生在野鸭湖湿地和密云水库湿地,分别减少了约1377.69 hm2和4654.50 hm2。(2)引起湿地退化的自然驱动因子中,以降水减少、入境地表水减少和蒸发量增加为主,驱动湿地退化的贡献率分别为39.22%、14.05%和11.85%。引起湿地退化的人为驱动因子中,以城市扩展为主,驱动湿地退化的贡献率为3.42%,而技术进步所采取的节水措施等有利于湿地保护,贡献率为25.55%。     

元谋干热河谷不同人工林中鞘翅目甲虫多样性比较

在元谋干热河谷采用网扫法调查了云南松林、桉树林、新银合欢林、桉树＋新银合欢林、印楝林及多树种混交的人工林鞘翅目昆虫多样性。结果表明,鞘翅目甲虫标本925号,计71种,分属18个科,其中叶甲科种类最丰富,象甲科数量最丰富。人工林鞘翅目昆虫群落物种丰富度在7～23,Shannon—Wiener多样性指数在1．249～2．562,昆虫多样性总体较低。各样地鞘翅目群落之间为不相似水平。云南松林鞘翅目昆虫群落物种丰富度、Shannon—Wiener指数、Simpson指数及Pielou指数分别为20、2．562、0．104和0．855,其多样性最高,多树种混交林较高,印楝林较低,而桉树林、新银合欢林、桉树＋新银合欢林多样性极低。多树种混交的恢复对昆虫多样性提高有显著促进作用。     

In vitro fertilization as a tool for investigating sexual reproduction of angiosperms

In vitro fertilization (IVF) of isolated male and female gametes of flowering plants was first accomplished in the last decade. Successful isolation of male and female gametes, and culturing of in vitro zygotes to form new plants, is a prelude to the use of IVF for research into the cellular and molecular control of fertilization in higher plants and its application as a tool in biotechnology. Genes unique to male and female gametes and zygotes of higher plants, although currently incompletely characterized, are expected to permit direct molecular dissection of fertilization. By applying IVF and microculture to zygotes and endosperm obtained by both in vivo and in vitro methods, newly activated fusion products may be observed and manipulated in media where they are directly accessible to the techniques of molecular cell biology. IVF and zygote culture may also offer potential for creating new hybrid plants by fusing isolated gametes from different species to produce unique zygotes and ultimately plants that would be impossible to obtain using typical crossing techniques. Transformation and regeneration frequencies using IVF may also be high enough to avoid the necessity of adding controversial antibiotic and herbicide resistant genes to screen transformed products. This review describes advances using IVF in plant sexual reproduction and discusses its potential in the genetic improvement of flowering plants.