严重缺碘对体质及遗传性状影响的研究

对严重缺碘地区一个容貌特殊,身材较矮,智力低下的人群进行了体质特征及遗传性状的研究,并与国内有关本地区的调查资料进行了对照,提出人类体质特征和遗传性状除与人种、地理环境异同直接相关外,人体不可缺少的微量元素的摄入水平在一定程度上对其也产生影响。并且认为同一人种、民族居住同一地理位置所产生的体质差异应从水文、地质、生活方式、生活水平的不同进行综合分析。     

Enhanced Biotransformation of 2-Phenylethanol with Ethanol Oxidation in a Solid–Liquid Two-Phase System by Active Dry Yeast

2-Phenylethanol (2-PE) can be produced from l-phenylalanine (l-Phe) with the oxidation degradation of ethanol by active dry yeast. In this study, the catalysis effect of ethanol on biotransforming l-Phe into 2-PE by yeast was evaluated and optimized. The results indicated that increasing ethanol concentration was beneficial for enhancing 2-PE concentration but lowered the 2-PE productivity. Initial ethanol concentration above 25 g/l could strongly inhibit the 2-PE production. To obtain 2-PE with desirable concentrations with an economical operation mode, three fed-batch biotransformation operation methods using ethanol or/and glucose were carried out in a solid–liquid two-phase system. When using ethanol alone with the initial concentration of 10 g/l, the total concentration and overall productivity of 2-PE were 7.6 g/l and 0.065 g l⁻¹ h⁻¹, respectively. Furthermore, an experiment with controlled glucose solely (higher than 2 g/l) was finished. In this case, phenylacetaldehyde (PA) was detected along with ethanol accumulation, suggesting that reaction of PA → 2-PE in Ehrlich pathway was inhibited. To further enhance 2-PE production by using glucose only, a novel operation strategy to simultaneously control rates of glucose glycolysis and ethanol oxidative degradation with the aid of ISPR techniques was developed. With this strategy, 2-PE concentration and yield based on glucose consumption reached a higher level of 14.8 g/l and 0.12 g-PE/g-glucose, respectively, and these are the highest values reported up to date with the fed-batch biotransformation operation mode.     

Derivation and characterization of human embryonic stem cell lines from poor quality embryos

Poor quality embryos discarded from in vitro fertilization （IVF） laboratories are good sources for deriving human embryonic stem cell （hESC） lines. In this study, 166 poor quality embryos donated from IVF centers on day 3 were cultured in a blastocyst medium for 2 days, and 32 early blastocysts were further cultured in a blastocyst optimum culture medium for additional 2 days so that the inner cell masses （ICMs） could be identified and isolated easily. The ICMs of 17 blastocysts were isolated by a mechanical method, while those of the other 15 blastocysts were isolated by immunosurgery. All isolated ICMs were inoculated onto a feeder layer for subcultivation. The rates of ICM attachment, primary ICM colony formation and the efficiency of hESC derivation were similar between the ICMs isolated by the two methods （P〉0.05）. As a result, four new hESC lines were established. Three cell lines had normal karyotypes and one had an unbalanced Robertsonian translocation. All cell lines showed normal hESC characteristics and had the differentiation ability. In conclusion, we established a stable and effective method for hESC isolation and culture, and it was confirmed that the mechanical isolation was an effective method to isolate ICMs from poor embryos. These results further indicate that hESC lines can be derived from poor quality embryos discarded by IVF laboratories.     

模拟SO42-沉降对闽江口淡水感潮野慈姑湿地甲烷排放通量的影响

2015年12月—2016年10月,每月小潮日原位定期向闽江口塔礁洲淡水感潮野慈姑(Sagittaria trifolia L.)湿地施加剂量为60、120 kg S hm~(-2)a~(-1)的K_2SO_4溶液(分别记做S-60和S-120),探讨模拟硫酸根(SO_4~(2-))沉降对河口淡水感潮湿地甲烷(CH4)排放通量及间隙水SO_4~(2-)浓度的影响。对照、S-60和S-120处理组CH_4排放通量年均值分别为(7.88±1.00)mg h~(-1)m~(-2)、(6.55±0.97)mg h~(-1)m~(-2)和(6.66±1.49)mg h~(-1)m~(-2)。在年尺度上,两个高强度模拟SO_4~(2-)沉降处理组均未显著降低闽江口淡水感潮野慈姑湿地CH_4排放通量(P0.05),即高强度SO_4~(2-)沉降不会对河口淡水感潮湿地CH_4排放通量产生类似于其对泥炭湿地和水稻田的显著抑制效应。在年尺度以及秋、冬季,两个施加K_2SO_4溶液处理显著增加了野慈姑湿地10 cm深度土壤间隙水SO_4~(2-)浓度。对于各个处理组,温度较高的夏、秋季CH_4排放通量均显著高于温度相对较低的冬、春季(P0.05)。不同处理组CH_4排放通量均与土壤温度呈显著正相关关系,温度仍然是影响亚热带河口淡水感潮湿地CH_4排放通量的重要环境因子。     

正常人及不育者精子核DNA的定量研究

用流式细胞术,Feulgen显微分光光度法,荧光显微分光光度法测定正常人精子核DNA相对含量:结果表明,上述方法所测得的精子核DNA相对含量稳定,变化范围小。同时用Feulgen显微分光光度法测定不育者精子核DNA相对含量。显示不育者精子核DNA相对含量高于正常人,提示精子核DNA核蛋白复合物异常可能是某些男性不育症的原因。此项研究为诊断男性不育症提供了新方法,在男性学精子核分子研究方面提供了依据。     

人BMP4基因的克隆及其原核表达载体的构建

以成熟人胎盘组织为材料来源,克隆人BMP-4基因的全长cDNA,经过PCR扩增后与pMD18-T载体连接,构建pMD18-T-BMP4克隆质粒.酶切后回收小片段与表达载体pET-22b的多克隆酶切位点连接,构建原核表达载体pET22b-BMP4,酶切及测序鉴定重组子.重组质粒转化至感受态的Rosseta宿主菌,经IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE检测蛋白表达情况.结果显示,从胎盘组织中成功地克隆到人BMP4基因,与NCBI中公布的序列100％相符合,原核表达载体pET22b-BMP4转化至Rosseta构建表达菌体,经IPTG诱导后电泳分析可见重组蛋白表达的条带.     

江西省野生维管植物名录

为了全面了解江西省野生维管植物资源的现状并为开展相应的生物多样性保护实践提供基础资料, 本文在前人的基础上, 通过进一步的文献收集、标本考证、数据分析, 并结合作者的野外调查结果, 按照维管植物最新的分类系统整理出江西省野生维管植物名录, 并根据标本信息核实了每个物种县市级的分布信息。结果显示, 江西省共有野生维管植物214科1,253属4,761种(含种下等级), 其中石松类与蕨类植物35科103属444种, 裸子植物5科21属36种, 被子植物174科1,129属4,281种。石松类与蕨类植物中, 物种数最多的前5个科为鳞毛蕨科(84种)、水龙骨科(55种)、凤尾蕨科(49种)、蹄盖蕨科(47种)和金星蕨科(47种), 最多的属是鳞毛蕨属(Dryopteris, 40种); 裸子植物中物种数最多的科和属为松科(7属12种)和松属(Pinus, 5种); 被子植物是江西省野生维管植物的最主要组成部分, 分别占科、属、种总数的81.3%、90.1%和89.9%, 其中种数最多的前5个科分别是禾本科(315种)、菊科(241种)、蔷薇科(228种)、唇形科(200种)和豆科(197种), 前6个属依次是薹草属(Carex, 71种)、悬钩子属(Rubus, 66种)、冬青属(Ilex, 56种)、蓼属(Persicaria, 40种)、珍珠菜属(Lysimachia, 37种)和杜鹃花属(Rhododendron, 37种)。江西省维管植物调查呈现出地区不均衡性, 建议增加后续调查工作的广度和深度, 尤其在武夷山脉、赣南山区、鄱阳湖湿地等生物多样性较高或较特殊的地区进行补充采集。同时, 本文呼吁加强专科专属的分类学研究, 为后续名录的修订与完善奠定基础。     

硕叶杜英,中国杜英科一新记录种

文章报道了产自中国云南杜英科杜英属一新记录种,硕叶杜英(Elaeocarpus grandifolius Kurz),并对硕叶杜英叶绿体基因组进行了测序和系统发育分析。该种与近缘种毛果杜英(Elaeocarpus rugosus)的区别是叶基部渐狭或下延,花瓣外部被锈色短柔毛,核果被锈色短柔毛,该种与水石榕(Elaeocarpus hainanensis)的区别是叶片长圆形或卵圆形,核果椭球形。