无菌APPswe/PS1ΔE9双转基因小鼠模型建立及脑内斑块变化初步观察

目的 使用剖宫产净化方法建立无菌APPswe/PS1ΔE9(PAP)双转基因小鼠模型并对动物脑内斑块沉积情况进行初步观察,为研究肠道菌群与阿尔茨海默症关系提供新的动物模型。方法 选择阳性PAP雄性杂合子鼠与经产的C57野生型雌鼠1∶2进行交配。怀孕母鼠在超净工作台内行剖宫产手术,用无菌ICR小鼠代乳。术后每个月进行无菌状态检测;PCR方法检测剖宫产所得PAP仔鼠的基因型;免疫组化方法定量检测9月龄PAP小鼠脑内斑块变化情况。结果 实施剖宫产手术12例,获仔鼠66只,剖宫产存活率及离乳存活率分别为95.45%(63/66)和95.24%(60/63),净化后按国标检测无菌状态均为合格。免疫组化结果显示9月龄无菌PAP小鼠海马内斑块较同月龄SPF级动物减少。结论 通过剖宫产净化技术去除了PAP小鼠携带的菌群,9月龄无菌PAP小鼠脑内斑块减少。     

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention after Fibrinolysis for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BackgroundPercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), fibrinolysis and the combination of both methods are current therapeutic options for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, Google scholar and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy and safety of PCI after fibrinolysis within 24 hours, which was compared with primary PCI alone and ischemia-guided or delayed PCI. Meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.30 following the methods described by the Cochrane library.ResultsA total of 16 studies including 10,034 patients were enrolled. As compared with primary PCI alone group, the short-term mortality (5.8% vs 4.5%, RR 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.65) and re-infarction rate (4.1% vs 2.7%, RR 1.46, 95%CI 1.05–2.03) were higher in the immediate PCI group (median/mean time ≤ 2 h after fibrinolysis). However, the short-term mortality and re-infarction rate showed no statistically significant differences in the early PCI group (2–24 hours after fibrinolysis). The rate of major bleeding events was higher both in the immediate PCI (6.3% vs 4.4%, RR 1.43, 95%CI 1.11–1.85) and the early PCI group (6.4% vs 4.4%, RR 1.46, 95%CI 1.03–2.06) as compared with primary PCI alone group. As compared with ischemia-guided or delayed PCI, early PCI was associated with significantly reduced re-infarction (2.4% vs 4.0%, RR 0.61, 95%CI 0.41–0.92) and recurrent ischemia (1.5% vs 5.3%, RR 0.29, 95%CI 0.12–0.70) at short-term. And the reduced re-infarction rate was also observed at long-term.ConclusionsEarly PCI after fibrinolysis, with a relatively broader time for PCI preparation, can bring the similar effects with primary PCI alone and is better than ischemia-guided or delayed PCI in STEMI patients with symptom onset < 12 h who cannot receive timely PCI. However, immediate PCI after fibrinolysis is detrimental.     

家蚕Bmyan基因的克隆表达和作为microRNA 7靶基因的验证

microRNAs(miRNAs)是一类长约22 nt的非编码RNA,通过与其靶基因3′端非翻译区(3′-UTR)的结合来调节各项生命活动。克隆表达家蚕Bmyan基因,验证其是否是bmo-miR-7的靶基因对于深入研究家蚕变态发育机制有重要意义。基于同源性检索和PCR扩增,克隆了家蚕Bmyan基因CDS全长,编码476个氨基酸。序列分析表明,家蚕YAN蛋白的氨基酸序列保守,含SAM-PNT和ETs结构域。芯片数据、RT-PCR和定量PCR的检测结果表明,Bmyan在五龄3 d的家蚕头部、体壁、卵巢中高量表达,在其余组织中低量表达或不表达。在幼虫期,Bmyan表达水平相对较低,但在上蔟期和蛹期前4 d高量表达。通过3′RACE克隆了Bmyan基因的3′-UTR。RNAhybrid在线软件预测了其3'-UTR上bmo-miR-7的两个靶位点。构建了含有Bmyan基因3′-UTR和荧光素酶报告基因的转染载体,将该载体与bmo-miR-7的mimics序列共转染到家蚕胚胎细胞系BmE中,通过测定荧光素酶的活性,证明了Bmyan基因是bmo-miR-7的靶基因。本研究为进一步揭示bmo-miR-7和Bmyan在家蚕体内的生物学功能奠定了基础。     

家蚕let-7 microRNA靶基因Bmlin-41的克隆表达与调控

异时性基因调控细胞增殖和个体发育阶段的转换。家蚕异时性基因在家蚕变态发育过程中也很可能具有重要的调控作用,但它们的表达模式、生物学功能以及与micro RNA之间的关系却鲜有报道。本研究首先利用果蝇同源基因lin-41搜索家蚕基因组数据库中相似序列,设计引物扩增Bmlin-41的编码序列,克隆了家蚕Bmlin-41基因CDS,其长度为2 166 bp,编码721个氨基酸,含有B-box和NHL结构域;随后,利用RT-PCR、q PCR技术并结合已有的家蚕全基因组芯片数据研究了Bmlin-41在家蚕中的时空表达模式,发现Bmlin-41在从家蚕胚胎到成虫的发育过程中呈逐渐递增的表达趋势,在五龄3 d不同组织中,于卵巢里表达量最高,精巢和中肠次之,而其余组织中低量表达或不表达;最后,利用3′RACE克隆了Bmlin-41基因的3′UTR,全长1 434 bp,用在线软件RNAhybrid预测发现Bmlin-41的3′UTR上存在bmo-let-7靶位点,构建了含Bmlin-41 3′UTR的双荧光素酶报告基因载体,在S2细胞上共转染Bmlin-41 3′UTR和bmo-let-7的模拟物(Mimics)和拮抗剂(Antagomir),bmo-let-7 mimics显著下调Bmlin-41,bmo-let-7 antagomir显著上调Bmlin-41,证实了Bmlin-41是bmo-let-7的靶基因。以上研究结果为深入研究let-7 mi RNA和Bmlin-41的功能,揭示Bmlin-41和bmo-let-7在家蚕变态发育过程中的调控关系提供了新的线索。     

植物叶际好氧反硝化细菌的筛选及其脱氮性能研究

【目的】探索叶际微生物协同植物削减大气氮氧化物的机制,了解叶际可培养好氧反硝化细菌的存在及多样性,获得高效的叶际好氧反硝化细菌资源。【方法】采用富集培养结合格里斯试剂检测、溴百里酚蓝(bromothymol blue, BTB)培养基筛选的方法从景观植物叶际分离筛选好氧反硝化细菌,对好氧反硝化细菌的16S rRNA基因序列进行系统发育分析,并选取其中一株高效好氧反硝化细菌进行脱氮性能研究。【结果】从6种景观植物石楠、女贞、木樨、樟树、卫矛冬青、荷花玉兰的叶际中分离到好氧反硝化细菌13株,经16S rRNA基因序列分析发现,13株细菌分别属于4门7科7属,其中4株为肠杆菌属(Enterobacter),3株为无色杆菌属(Achromobacter),2株为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas),其余4株分别属于鞘氨醇杆菌属(Sphingobacterium)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、微杆菌属(Microbacterium)和假节杆菌属(Pseudarthrobacter)。定量分析发现菌株SF的反硝化效果较好。通过单因素试验和响应面设计试验,对菌株SF的脱氮性能进行了一系列研究,探究了碳源、温度、初始pH、碳氮比和转速等因素对菌株SF脱氮效果的影响。结果表明,菌株SF的最佳脱氮条件：碳源为葡萄糖,初始pH值为7.5,碳氮比为9.7,转速180 r/min,温度为33.5 ℃。在此条件下,当初始硝酸盐浓度为361 mg/L时,72 h总氮去除率可达到93.3%。【结论】景观植物叶际中存在较多种类的可培养好氧反硝化细菌,丰富了叶际氮循环相关微生物的类型,为探索叶际微生物协同削减大气氮氧化物的机制奠定了基础。通过高效脱氮菌株的筛选,为进一步应用微生物协同植物削减空气氮氧化物污染提供了候选菌株。     

Inflammatory stress exacerbates lipid-mediated renal injury in ApoE/CD36/SRA triple knockout mice

Both lipids and inflammation play important roles in the progression of kidney disease. This study was designed to investigate whether inflammation exacerbates lipid accumulation via LDL receptors (LDLr), thereby causing renal injury in C57BL/6J mice, apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout (KO) mice, and ApoE/CD36/scavenger receptor A triple KO mice. The mice were given a subcutaneous casein injection to induce inflammatory stress. After 14 wk, terminal blood samples were taken for renal function, lipid profiles, amyloid A (SAA), and IL-6 assays. Lipid accumulation in kidneys was visualized by oil red O staining. Fibrogenic molecule expression in kidneys was examined. There was a significant increase in serum SAA and IL-6 in the all casein-injected mice compared with respective controls. Casein injection reduced serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol and caused lipid accumulation in kidneys from three types of mice. The expression of LDLr and its regulatory proteins sterol-responsive element-binding protein (SREBP) 2 and SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) were upregulated in inflamed mice compared with controls. Casein injection induced renal fibrosis accompanied by increased expression of fibrogenic molecules in the triple KO mice. These data imply that inflammation exacerbates lipid accumulation in the kidney by diverting lipid from the plasma to the kidney via the SCAP-SREBP2-LDLr pathway and causing renal injury. Low blood cholesterol levels, resulting from inflammation, may be associated with high risk for chronic renal fibrosis.     

Inflammatory Stress Increases Hepatic CD36 Translational Efficiency via Activation of the mTOR Signalling Pathway

Inflammatory stress is an independent risk factor for the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Although CD36 is known to facilitate long-chain fatty acid uptake and contributes to NAFLD progression, the mechanisms that link inflammatory stress to hepatic CD36 expression and steatosis remain unclear. As the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway is involved in CD36 translational activation, this study was undertaken to investigate whether inflammatory stress enhances hepatic CD36 expression via mTOR signalling pathway and the underlying mechanisms. To induce inflammatory stress, we used tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) stimulation of the human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells in vitro and casein injection in C57BL/6J mice in vivo. The data showed that inflammatory stress increased hepatic CD36 protein levels but had no effect on mRNA expression. A protein degradation assay revealed that CD36 protein stability was not different between HepG2 cells treated with or without TNF-α or IL-6. A polysomal analysis indicated that CD36 translational efficiency was significantly increased by inflammatory stress. Additionally, inflammatory stress enhanced the phosphorylation of mTOR and its downstream translational regulators including p70S6K, 4E-BP1 and eIF4E. Rapamycin, an mTOR-specific inhibitor, reduced the phosphorylation of mTOR signalling pathway and decreased the CD36 translational efficiency and protein level even under inflammatory stress resulting in the alleviation of inflammatory stress-induced hepatic lipid accumulation. This study demonstrates that the activation of the mTOR signalling pathway increases hepatic CD36 translational efficiency, resulting in increased CD36 protein expression under inflammatory stress.     

重金属Zn2+胁迫下麦长管蚜的取食行为

为了探索重金属锌长期胁迫对麦长管蚜(Sitobion avenae)取食行为的变化影响,在模拟自然的实验室条件下,用不同浓度Zn~(2+)溶液浇灌土壤,通过土壤-小麦-蚜虫体系连续处理麦长管蚜15代,用EPG(刺探电位技术)对第1、5、10、15代成蚜的取食行为进行了监测。结果表明,第1代和第5代时,200 mg/kg的Zn~(2+)处理后np波和C波的总持续时间和数量显著低于对照,800mg/kg的Zn~(2+)使其显著增加。到第15代,高剂量的Zn~(2+)处理后np波和C波的总持续时间和数量均显著高于对照。涉及分泌唾液的E1波持续时间及涉及被动取食营养的E2波出现次数并未受到低剂量Zn~(2+)的显著影响,但高剂量的Zn~(2+)处理后单独E1波、伴随稳定E2的E1波总持续时间及E2波的数量均显著降低。麦长管蚜的取食行为会受到重金属锌的影响并且会在高剂量Zn~(2+)的胁迫条件下产生积累效应,而低剂量的Zn~(2+)则促进麦长管蚜对小麦的取食行为。针对重金属而言,此效应发生改变的关键浓度为400 mg/kg,蚜虫取食行为发生改变的关键世代为第5代和第10代。