猪和牛轮状病毒抗原和抗体的检测

应用ELISA直接双抗体夹心法检查轮状病毒抗原,24份仔猪和29份犊牛的腹泻粪样,分别有12和16份阳性。用病毒RNA电泳分析检查阳性粪样,各出现两种病毒RNA电泳型,用中和试验检查17份成年牛和16份成年猪血清,分别有16和15份病毒抗体阳性。将其与ELISA间接法和结合法进行了比较。     

microRNA‐124 inhibits stem‐like properties and enhances radiosensitivity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via direct repression of expression of JAMA

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a source of tumour recurrence in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC); however, the function of microRNA‐124 (miR‐124) in NPC CSCs has not been clearly defined. In this study, we investigated the role of miR‐124 in NPC CSCs. qRT‐PCR was performed to measure miR‐124 expression in NPC tissues and cell lines and the effects of miR‐124 on stem‐like properties and radiosensitivity of NPC cells measured. Luciferase reporter assays and rescue experiments were used to investigate the interaction of miR‐124 with the 3′UTR of junctional adhesion molecule A (JAMA). Finally, we examined the effects of miR‐124 in an animal model and clinical samples. Down‐regulation of miR‐124 was detected in cancer tissues and was inversely associated with tumour stage and lymph node metastasis. Overexpression of miR‐124 inhibited stemness properties and enhanced radiosensitivity of NPC cells in vitro and in vivo via targeting JAMA. Up‐regulation of miR‐124 was correlated with superior overall survival of patients with NPC. Our study demonstrates that miR‐124 can inhibit stem‐like properties and enhance radiosensitivity by directly targeting JAMA in NPC. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying therapy failure in NPC.     

Hollow CuS Nanoboxes as Li‐Free Cathode for High‐Rate and Long‐Life Lithium Metal Batteries

Transition metal sulfides hold promising potentials as Li‐free conversion‐type cathode materials for high energy density lithium metal batteries. However, the practical deployment of these materials is hampered by their poor rate capability and short cycling life. In this work, the authors take the advantage of hollow structure of CuS nanoboxes to accommodate the volume expansion and facilitate the ion diffusion during discharge–charge processes. As a result, the hollow CuS nanoboxes achieve excellent rate performance (≈371 mAh g^?1 at 20 C) and ultra‐long cycle life (>1000 cycles). The structure and valence evolution of the CuS nanobox cathode are identified by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Furthermore, the lithium storage mechanism is revealed by galvanostatic intermittent titration technique and operando Raman spectroscopy for the initial charge–discharge process and the following reversible processes. These results suggest that the hollow CuS nanobox material is a promising candidate as a low‐cost Li‐free cathode material for high‐rate and long‐life lithium metal batteries.     

Robust Swing‐Structured Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Efficient Blue Energy Harvesting

Ocean wave energy is a promising renewable energy source, but harvesting such irregular, “random,” and mostly ultra‐low frequency energies is rather challenging due to technological limitations. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) provide a potential efficient technology for scavenging ocean wave energy. Here, a robust swing‐structured triboelectric nanogenerator (SS‐TENG) with high energy conversion efficiency for ultra‐low frequency water wave energy harvesting is reported. The swing structure inside the cylindrical TENG greatly elongates its operation time, accompanied with multiplied output frequency. The design of the air gap and flexible dielectric brushes enable mininized frictional resistance and sustainable triboelectric charges, leading to enhanced robustness and durability. The TENG performance is controlled by external triggering conditions, with a long swing time of 88 s and a high energy conversion efficiency, as well as undiminished performance after continuous triggering for 4 00 000 cycles. Furthermore, the SS‐TENG is demonstrated to effectively harvest water wave energy. Portable electronic devices are successfully powered for self‐powered sensing and environment monitoring. Due to the excellent performance of the distinctive mechanism and structure, the SS‐TENG in this work provides a good candidate for harvesting blue energy on a large scale.     

三维技术对安徽白鹭洲战国墓M566墓主容貌的复原

2011年安徽白鹭洲发现战国时期保存完整的楚国贵族墓葬,因墓主人头发和发簪保存完好、墓主身份显赫而备受关注。该头骨保存完整,具有亚洲蒙古人种的特征,根据骨骼的形态推测其为女性,年龄为35-39岁。为展现该地区战国贵族妇女的容貌、丰富该地区考古多样性提供研究材料。本文首先使用高分辨率CT对该个体的头骨及下颌骨进行了扫描和重建,然后采用基于偏最小二乘回归的颅面复原方法实现生前容貌基本形态的复原。最后,结合考古资料,利用三维模型处理软件对面貌复原模型及其发饰进行了三维建模和纹理贴图等处理,提高了颅面复原模型的真实感,生动形象地再现战国贵族女性面部的形态特征。     

痛泻要方对“肝气乘脾”泄泻小鼠肠黏膜及肠内容物消化酶活性的影响

目的探讨痛泻要方对"肝气乘脾"泄泻小鼠肠道酶活性的影响。方法采用"番泻叶-离心管束缚夹尾法"进行"肝气乘脾"泄泻造模,造模成功后以痛泻要方治疗,造模和治疗后分别分析小鼠肠道酶活性。结果造模后,模型组小鼠肠道内容物的淀粉酶活性显著降低(t=4.007,P=0.015),纤维素酶、蛋白酶、蔗糖酶活性下降不显著。模型组小鼠肠黏膜蛋白酶、淀粉酶、蔗糖酶活性显著下降(t_蛋=5.652,P=0.005;Z_淀=-1.964,P=0.050;t_蔗=4.737,P=0.009)。痛泻要方治疗后,中药干预组小鼠肠道内容物蛋白酶、纤维素酶、乳糖酶和蔗糖酶活性变化不显著;自然恢复组的淀粉酶活性显著高于正常组(t=-7.497,P=0.002)。中药干预组小鼠肠道前段黏膜蛋白酶、乳糖酶、淀粉酶、蔗糖酶活性恢复不显著;中药干预组小鼠肠道黏膜中段乳糖酶、蔗糖酶活性显著低于自然恢复组(t_乳=4.074,P=0.013;t_蔗=8.072,P0.001),而蛋白酶、淀粉酶及纤维素酶活性均高于自然恢复组;中药干预组小鼠肠道后段黏膜乳糖酶、蔗糖酶及淀粉酶活性显著高于正常组(t_乳=-7.962,P0.001;t_蔗=-15.921,P0.001;Z_淀=6.489,P=0.034),蛋白酶与纤维素酶活性均有所升高。结论 "肝气乘脾"泄泻肠道内容物及黏膜淀粉酶活性显著降低,痛泻要方对"肝气乘脾"泄泻小鼠肠黏膜乳糖酶、蔗糖酶及淀粉酶活性作用显著。     

The MET13 Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene Is Essential for Infection-Related Morphogenesis in the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductases (MTHFRs) play a key role in the biosynthesis of methionine in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. In this study, we report the identification of a novel T-DNA-tagged mutant WH672 in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, which was defective in vegetative growth, conidiation and pathogenicity. Analysis of the mutation confirmed a single T-DNA insertion upstream of MET13, which encodes a 626-amino-acid protein encoding a MTHFR. Targeted gene deletion of MET13 resulted in mutants that were non-pathogenic and significantly impaired in aerial growth and melanin pigmentation. All phenotypes associated with Δmet13 mutants could be overcome by addition of exogenous methionine. The M. oryzae genome contains a second predicted MTHFR-encoding gene, MET12. The deduced amino acid sequences of Met13 and Met12 share 32% identity. Interestingly, Δmet12 mutants produced significantly less conidia compared with the isogenic wild-type strain and grew very poorly in the absence of methionine, but were fully pathogenic. Deletion of both genes resulted in Δmet13Δmet12 mutants that showed similar phenotypes to single Δmet13 mutants. Taken together, we conclude that the MTHFR gene, MET13, is essential for infection-related morphogenesis by the rice blast fungus M. oryzae.     

Prognostic value of periostin in multiple solid cancers: A systematic review with meta-analysis

Previous studies have shown that the expression of periostin (POSTN) is significantly correlated with prognosis in multiple solid cancers. However, the function of POSTN in tumorigenesis and its relationship with clinical outcomes have not been systematically summarized and analyzed. Thus, a meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the prognostic pertinence of POSTN in solid cancer. We conducted a systematic search in the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane library databases, and a total of 10 studies were used to assess the association of POSTN expression and patients’ overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). The hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratio (OR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were further calculated to estimate the association between POSTN and relevant clinical parameters of solid cancer patients. The pooled results indicated that POSTN overexpression was associated with poor OS (HR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.88–2.93, p < .00001) and DFS (HR = 2.70, 95% CI = 2.00–3.65, p < .00001) in a cohort of 993 patients with cancer. Subsequent analyses showed that the positive expression ratio of POSTN was evidently higher in cancer tissues than in normal tissues (OR = 7.44, 95% CI = 3.66–13.95, p < .00001). In addition, subgroup analysis showed that POSTN was related to microvascular invasion (OR = 5.09, 95% CI = 3.07–8.44, p < .00001), tumor differentiation (OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.41–2.91, p = .0001), and lymph node metastasis (OR = 3.05, 95% CI = 2.01–4.64, p < .00001). These data showed that POSTN could be a credible prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in human solid cancer.     

导电材料强化微生物直接种间电子传递产甲烷的研究进展

厌氧条件下,微生物可以通过厌氧代谢产生甲烷(CH_4),由此衍生的厌氧消化技术可实现能源的回收利用。产CH_4的关键步骤是刺激发酵细菌和产甲烷古菌之间的有效电子转移,电活性微生物可以取代传统的氢/甲酸盐实现直接种间电子传递,其电子传递效率更高。添加导电材料可以促进直接种间电子传递并提高CH_4产率,是一种更有效的强化电子传递方式。本文在梳理直接种间电子传递发展和机理的基础上,综述了常见的促进直接种间电子传递的碳基和铁基导电材料,对其结构特征、电子传递机理、强化产CH_4和中间产物消耗等方面进行了系统总结。旨在为导电材料促进直接种间电子传递的研究提供参考,并探讨了未来可能的研究方向。