海金沙卵发生的组织化学研究

采用组织化学方法对海金沙（Lygodium japonicum （Thunb.） Sw.）卵发生进行了研究。高碘酸-锡夫反应（PAS反应）结果显示：颈沟和腹沟细胞外产生的黏性物质为多糖类物质;在卵细胞发生早期颈卵器细胞内均含有质体,且淀粉粒含量丰富,随着颈卵器的发育,卵细胞以及颈沟和腹沟细胞内淀粉粒数量和体积均逐渐减少,最后退化消失。苏丹黑B反应结果显示：海金沙颈沟和腹沟细胞外产生的黏性物质也含有脂类物质,而卵细胞内并未有明显脂类物质产生;卵细胞质膜处也并没有糖类或脂类物质的积累。本研究从组织化学角度佐证了海金沙的特殊性,即既有原始蕨类的特征,又有进化蕨类的特征。     

E. O. 威尔逊的学术生涯与蚂蚁研究成就纵览

1"蚁学巨匠"E.O.Wilson E.O.Wilson教授被誉为当代蚂蚁研究的翘楚。他的研究领域涉及蚂蚁的分类、生态和行为等各个方面,并由此衍生出岛屿生物地理学的理论和社会生物学的体系。这些研究成果对于当今的昆虫学和生物学其他分支学科均产生着深远的影响。     

Achieving stable myocardial regeneration after apical resection in neonatal mice

The neonatal heart completely regenerates after apical resection (AR), providing a desirable research model to study the mechanism of cardiac regeneration and cardiomyocyte proliferation. However, AR-induced neonatal heart regenerative phenomenon is controversial due to the variation of operative details in different laboratories. Here, we provide an optimized AR operation procedure with stable regeneration and high survival rate by achieving heart exposure, normalizing myocardium cut-offs, and reducing operation duration. We also established a whole-heart-slice approach to estimate the myocardial regeneration after the AR operation, which ensures no false-negative/positive results. The combination of the optimized AR operation and the whole-heart-slice analysis provides a stable system to study neonatal heart regeneration and cardiomyocyte proliferation in situ.     

Adult-repopulating lymphoid potential of yolk sac blood vessels is not confined to arterial endothelial cells

Science China Life Sciences - During embryogenesis, hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) are believed to be derived from hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs). Moreover, arterial feature is...     

旱生蕨类植物金毛裸蕨配子体发育及其生态意义

采用光学显微镜对旱生金毛裸蕨(Gymnopteris vestita)配子体发育的全过程进行了观察。结果显示,(1)旱生金毛裸蕨孢子三裂缝,成熟时黄褐色,接种后10～15d萌发,萌发类型为书带蕨型。原叶体母细胞首先形成单列的丝状体,其后配子体发育明显区别于非旱生的蕨类,金毛裸蕨配子体发育最明显的特征是形成大量的分枝,通常单列的丝状体基部细胞可通过细胞纵分裂形成丝状分枝,这些分枝又可进一步产生新的分枝,分枝的末端可形成片状体,这些片状体又可产生分枝丝状体或片状体,最终整个配子体可发育为群丛。有时,单列的丝状体也可直接发育为片状体,然而这些片状体并不发育为原叶体而是产生大量的丝状分枝。当群丛形成时,在丝状体或片状体表面可产生数量较多的精子器,但在人工培养条件下并没有发现颈卵器。如果培养条件适宜,配子体可进行营养繁殖,持续较长时间,老的片状体上可产生新的丝状体。金毛裸蕨位于群丛外的大型心形原叶体可进行无配子生殖产生孢子体。金毛裸蕨的配子体发育特征,包括多分枝、发达的营养繁殖及无配子生殖现象的发生,表明了金毛裸蕨配子体群丛的形成是对于旱生环境的一种适应性。     

3D‐Printed Cathodes of LiMn1−xFexPO4 Nanocrystals Achieve Both Ultrahigh Rate and High Capacity for Advanced Lithium‐Ion Battery

A 3D‐printing technology and printed 3D lithium‐ion batteries (3D‐printed LIBs) based on LiMn_0.21Fe_0.79PO₄@C (LMFP) nanocrystal cathodes are developed to achieve both ultrahigh rate and high capacity. Coin cells with 3D‐printed cathodes show impressive electrochemical performance: a capacity of 108.45 mAh g^?1 at 100 C and a reversible capacity of 150.21 mAh g^?1 at 10 C after 1000 cycles. In combination with simulation using a pseudo 2D hidden Markov model and experimental data of 3D‐printed and traditional electrodes, for the first time deep insight into how to achieve the ultrahigh rate performance for a cathode with LMFP nanocrystals is obtained. It is estimated that the Li‐ion diffusion in LMFP nanocrystal is not the rate‐limitation step for the rate to 100 C, however, that the electrolyte diffusion factors, such as solution intrinsic diffusion coefficient, efficiency porosity, and electrode thickness, will dominate ultrahigh rate performance of the cathode. Furthermore, the calculations indicate that the above factors play important roles in the equivalent diffusion coefficient with the electrode beyond a certain thickness, which determines the whole kinetic process in LIBs. This fundamental study should provide helpful guidance for future design of LIBs with superior electrochemical performance.     

Cooling Induced Surface Reconstruction during Synthesis of High‐Ni Layered Oxides

Transition metal layered oxides have been the dominant cathodes in lithium‐ion batteries, and among them, high‐Ni ones (LiNi_xMn_yCo_zO₂; x ≥ 0.7) with greatly boosted capacity and reduced cost are of particular interest for large‐scale applications. The high Ni loading, on the other hand, raises the critical issues of surface instability and poor rate performance. The rational design of synthesis leading to layered LiNi_0.7Mn_0.15Co_0.15O₂ with greatly enhanced rate capability is demonstrated, by implementing a quenching process alternative to the general slow cooling. In situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction, coupled with surface analysis, is applied to studies of the synthesis process, revealing cooling‐induced surface reconstruction involving Li₂CO₃ accumulation, formation of a Li‐deficient layer and Ni reduction at the particle surface. The reconstruction process occurs predominantly at high temperatures (above 350 °C) and is highly cooling‐rate dependent, implying that surface reconstruction can be suppressed through synthetic control, i.e., quenching to improve the surface stability and rate performance of the synthesized materials. These findings may provide guidance to rational synthesis of high‐Ni cathode materials.