镉引起小麦苗逆境乙烯的产生及其和镉的吸收分布的关系

溶液培养小麦幼苗转移至含Cd~(2 )的营养液中,根系乙烯产生较快地增加,约在12h达高峰,然后下降;ACC含量亦呈先升后降的趋势。未和Cd~(2 )溶液直接接触的地上部乙烯亦增加,至36h达高峰,此后急剧下降,而ACG和 MAGC含量持续上升。地上部乙烯的增加,主要是由通过根系运往地上部的镉直接作用的结果,不是根部合成ACG运往地上部后再产生的。电镜观察表明,地上部乙烯产生和ACC含量变化的时间进程,可以与镉进入叶细胞内的部位及其对细胞膜和细胞器的影响相联系。     

Cytogenetic study of mentally retarded children in Taipei

560 blood samples collected from mentally retarded children in Taipei were karyotypically analyzed for the incidence of fragile X and other chromosome abnormalities. The fragile site at Xq27.3 was observed in 18 patients (3.21%), 11 males and 7 females, out of the 560 blood cultures using M medium. Down syndrome (6.25%), 24 males and 11 females, was the other major category of abnormality. Other abnormalities, including inversion, translocation, deletion, duplication, ring as well as an extra marker chromosome were observed. The overall incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in these children was 14.82%.     

小叶龙竹（Dendrocalamus barbatus）愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

以小叶龙竹种子为外植体,通过研究MS培养基中不同植物生长调节剂浓度组合对外植体愈伤组织诱导和不定芽分化的影响以及不同配比对生根的作用,建立了稳定的繁殖再生体系。试验结果表明愈伤组织诱导的最适培养基为MS＋2,4-D5．0mg·L-1;不定芽分化的最适培养基为MS＋2,4-D0．5mg·L-1＋6．BA1．0mg·L-1＋KT0．25mg·L-1;小苗的最适生根培养基为1／2MS＋6-BA0．5mg·L-1＋NAA1．0mg·L-1＋IBA0．4mg·L-1,建立的繁殖再生体系将为进一步利用分子生物学技术对竹类植物进行遗传改良奠定基础。     

组织和发育特异性基因的远距离转录调控

远距离转录调控是指增强子、沉默子和隔离子等顺式作用元件参与的组织和发育特异性基因的表达调控。其调控元件可位于距转录基因很远的DNA区域,甚至分布于邻近基因内含子中。随着人类基因组计划和各种模式生物测序工作的完成,为大规模快速查找远距离调控元件提供了新的手段。由于基因组结构的复杂性,很难建立统一的基因表达调控模型,目前认为启动子与增强子的相互作用是组织和发育特异性基因成功表达的关键。另外,远距离转录调控机制一旦破坏还将导致疾病的发生。     

八角属萜类成分及其化学分类意义

以八角属植物中所含的萜类成分为基础,把各种萜类成分按照其所属的基本骨架类型进行整理,将各种骨架类型萜类的总含量作为数量性状,采用SPSS系统进行聚类分析研究,作出八角属的树形分支图。结合八角属的形态特征和地理分布探讨八角属的化学分类意义。     

Spironolactone Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Injury Partially via Modulating Mononuclear Phagocyte Phenotype Switching in Circulating and Alveolar Compartments

Background

Recent experimental studies provide evidence indicating that manipulation of the mononuclear phagocyte phenotype could be a feasible approach to alter the severity and persistence of pulmonary injury and fibrosis. Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) has been reported as a target to regulate macrophage polarization. The present work was designed to investigate the therapeutic potential of MR antagonism in bleomycin-induced acute lung injury and fibrosis.

Methodology/Principal Findings

We first demonstrated the expression of MR in magnetic bead-purified Ly6G-/CD11b+ circulating monocytes and in alveolar macrophages harvested in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from C57BL/6 mice. Then, a pharmacological intervention study using spironolactone (20mg/kg/day by oral gavage) revealed that MR antagonism led to decreased inflammatory cell infiltration, cytokine production (downregulated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, transforming growth factor β1, and interleukin-1β at mRNA and protein levels) and collagen deposition (decreased lung total hydroxyproline content and collagen positive area by Masson’ trichrome staining) in bleomycin treated (2.5mg/kg, via oropharyngeal instillation) male C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, serial flow cytometry analysis in blood, BALF and enzymatically digested lung tissue, revealed that spironolactone could partially inhibit bleomycin-induced circulating Ly6C^hi monocyte expansion, and reduce alternative activation (F4/80+CD11c+CD206+) of mononuclear phagocyte in alveoli, whereas the phenotype of interstitial macrophage (F4/80+CD11c-) remained unaffected by spironolactone during investigation.

Conclusions/Significance

The present work provides the experimental evidence that spironolactone could attenuate bleomycin-induced acute pulmonary injury and fibrosis, partially via inhibition of MR-mediated circulating monocyte and alveolar macrophage phenotype switching.     

国产蕺菜的染色体数目变异及核穿壁现象

蕺菜 Houttuynia cordata Thunb.属三白草科蕺菜属,俗称鱼腥草、侧耳根等,主要分 布于 亚洲东部和东南部,我国以长江流域及其以南各省区常见。蕺菜药蔬兼用,为极具开发前景 的植物资源。部分学者曾对蕺菜染色体数目进行过报道,但报道的染色体数目不尽一致（梁汉兴,1991,1995; Hsu,1968; Nilsamranchit et al, 1999）,并且对此 现象未作较为详细而深入的解释。本文对国内部分省区收集的蕺菜种质资源进行染色体数目分析,旨在从细胞学角度探讨蕺菜的遗传多样性,为     

硫化氢对家兔窦房结起搏细胞的电生理效应

本研究应用细胞内微电极技术,观察硫化氢(hydrogen sulfide,H2S)对家兔窦房结起搏细胞的电生理效应.结果表明:(1)NaHs(H2S供体)50、100、200 μmol/L浓度依赖地降低家兔窦房结起搏细胞4相去极化速率及起搏放电频率.(2)ATP敏感性钾(ATP-sensitive K ,KATP)通道阻断剂格列苯脲(glybenclamide,Gli,20 μmol/L)阻断NariS(100 μmol/L)的电生理效应.(3)预先应用起搏离子流(pacemaker currenL,If)通道阻断剂氯化铯(CsCl,2 mmol/L)对Naris(100μmol/L.)的电生理效应无影响.(4)胱硫醚-γ裂解酶(cystathionine γ-lyase,CSE)的不可逆抑制剂DL-propargylglycine (PPG,200 μmol/L)的家兔窦房结起搏细胞的动作电位参数无影响.以上结果提示,H2S对家兔窦房结起搏细胞有负性变时作用,这些效应可能与其开放KATP通道,增加K 外流有关,与If无关.本实验没有发现窦房结起搏细胞内有CSE催化产生的内源性H2S的合成.     

思茅松HDR基因全长cDNA克隆与序列分析

1-羟基-2-甲基-2-E-丁烯基-4-焦磷酸还原酶(HDR)是甲基-D-赤藓醇-4-磷酸(MEP)途径中的最后一个酶,在植物萜类生物合成中起主控作用。该研究根据思茅松(Pinus kesiya var.langbianensis)树皮转录组数据分析结果,首先获得了思茅松HDR基因片段,然后根据所获得的基因片段设计特异引物,提取受伤后的思茅松树皮的RNA,并运用RT-PCR和RACE技术从思茅松树皮中克隆得到完整的HDR基因(Pk HDR)。生物信息学分析表明:克隆获得的Pk HDR1基因c DNA全长序列为1 876 bp,含有1个1 464 bp的开放阅读框(ORF),编码487个氨基酸。同源性分析结果表明:思茅松HDR蛋白与赤松(Pinus densiflora)HDR蛋白的相似性高达99%。亚细胞定位及结构域分析结果表明:思茅松Pk HDR氨基酸序列中包含转运肽序列(A1-A61)及植物HDR蛋白多个保守的功能位点(A143,A234,A288,A371)。系统进化分析结果表明:Pk HDR蛋白与赤松HDR蛋白的亲缘关系最为接近。半定量PCR检测结果表明:树皮的创伤促进思茅松HDR基因的表达。该研究成功克隆获得HDR基因,并确定其与松脂代谢密切相关,为阐明思茅松松脂生物合成机制和分子育种提供了参考。     

Mapping and characterization of major QTL for spike traits in common wheat

Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants - The spike traits of wheat can directly affect yield. F2 and F2:3 lines derived from the cross of the multi-spikelet female 10-A and the uni-spikelet...