Comparative morphology of the foliage leaf epidermis, with emphasis on papillae characters, in key taxa of woody bamboos of the Asian tropics (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)

The foliage leaf epidermis of 35 species representing 12 key genera of woody bamboos of the Asian tropics was investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that papillae forms and distributional patterns around the stomatal apparatus of the abaxial foliage leaf epidermis were usually constant and were of great taxonomic significance at the specific and generic levels. However, papillae characters were not suitable for dividing subtribes within woody bamboos of the Asian tropics. On the basis of papillae characters, Schizostachyum s.s. and Cephalostachyum were confirmed, but their delimitations should be modified. The transfer of Leptocanna chinensis and Schizostachyum sanguineum into Cephalostachyum was supported, and Cephalostachyum virgatum and C .  pergracile were confirmed to be members of Schizostachyum s.s. The subtribe Racemobambosinae did not obtain support and Racemobambos appeared to be better placed in subtribe Bambusinae. Neomicrocalamus was supported as a close relative and better treated as a synonym of Racemobambos . Gigantochloa was closely related to Dendrocalamus .  © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2008, 156 , 411–423.     

乌奴龙胆中五个新的环烯醚萜甙

从藏药乌奴龙胆（ＧｅｎｔｉａｎａｕｒｎｕｌａＳｍｉｔｈ）（龙胆科）的全草中分离到５个新的环烯醚萜甙,命名为乌奴龙胆甙（ｇｅｎｔｉｏｕｍｏｓｉｄｅ）Ａ－Ｅ;它们的结构主要通过光谱分析得以确定。其中,乌奴龙胆Ａ－Ｃ是二聚环烯醚萜甙,而乌奴龙胆甙Ｄ和Ｅ为马钱素型的环烯醚萜甙,所有这些化合物的分子中都具有一个２,３－二羟基苯甲酰基或其衍生物的取代基。     

不同形式混合资料遗传力的估计方法

本文探讨了用一种特殊形式资料估计遗传力的方法,亦可作为为扩大样本含量,充分利用不同来源且形式不同资料合并估计遗传力的方法。     

大鼠血小板中的神经肽Y及其对血管收缩的影响

特异性放射免疫分析显示大鼠血小板与富血小板血浆(PRP)分别含NPY免疫活性物质90±16ng/10~7血小板与93±19ng/ml,大大高于普通血浆(1.2±0.1ng/ml)与贫血小板血浆(PPP)(1.7±0.3 ng/ml)中的含量(P<0.001)。血小板样品HPLC各馏分的NPY放免活性峰位与标准NPY的峰位相符。PRP经胶原最大程度聚集后,血小板内的NPY浓度降为34±5 ng/10~7血小板,而PPP中的NPY浓度则升高到26±4 ng/ml。1.6 ml PRP经胶原作用产生最大程度聚集,由此分离所得的PPP引起离体灌流大鼠尾动脉收缩,张力上升380±80 mg;上述PPP经NPY抗血清处理后引起尾动脉收缩的幅度显著减小(190±40 mg,P<0.001)。而1 nmol/L人工合成NPY并不引起血管收缩。结果表明大鼠血小板中含有大量NPY,在不可逆聚集时可以释放,释放的NPY可能参与血小板聚集时释放物质的缩血管效应。     

胶质母细胞瘤外泌体的作用机制研究进展

胶质母细胞瘤(glioblastoma,GBM)因组织学异质性、侵袭能力强、术后复发快等问题,致使患者经手术治疗、化疗和放疗后的预后差,总体生存期短。GBM细胞来源外泌体(GBM cell-derived exosome,GBM-exo)能够通过其携带的细胞因子、miRNA、DNA和蛋白质等调节GBM细胞的增殖和迁移,通过血管生成蛋白和非编码RNA促进肿瘤血管生成,通过调节因子、蛋白质和药物靶向免疫检查点等介导肿瘤免疫逃逸,以及通过非编码RNA对抗GBM细胞的耐药性,有望成为个性化治疗GBM的重要靶标,且可以作为GBM的诊断和预后标志物。本文阐述了GBM-exo的制备方法和生物学特征,及其在GBM细胞增殖、血管生成、免疫逃逸和耐药性方面的作用和分子机制,为研发诊治GBM的新策略提供参考。