Comparative morphology of the foliage leaf epidermis, with emphasis on papillae characters, in key taxa of woody bamboos of the Asian tropics (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)

The foliage leaf epidermis of 35 species representing 12 key genera of woody bamboos of the Asian tropics was investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that papillae forms and distributional patterns around the stomatal apparatus of the abaxial foliage leaf epidermis were usually constant and were of great taxonomic significance at the specific and generic levels. However, papillae characters were not suitable for dividing subtribes within woody bamboos of the Asian tropics. On the basis of papillae characters, Schizostachyum s.s. and Cephalostachyum were confirmed, but their delimitations should be modified. The transfer of Leptocanna chinensis and Schizostachyum sanguineum into Cephalostachyum was supported, and Cephalostachyum virgatum and C .  pergracile were confirmed to be members of Schizostachyum s.s. The subtribe Racemobambosinae did not obtain support and Racemobambos appeared to be better placed in subtribe Bambusinae. Neomicrocalamus was supported as a close relative and better treated as a synonym of Racemobambos . Gigantochloa was closely related to Dendrocalamus .  © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2008, 156 , 411–423.     

胆碱能神经对人餐后神经降压素释放的影响

本文比较了6名健康成人进食、餐前肌注阿托品以及单纯咀嚼食物后的血浆神经降压素样免疫活性物质(NTLI)水平的变化,以探讨胆碱能神经对神经降压素释放的影响。用放射免疫测定法分别测定NTLI和胰多肽(PP)的含量,以便同时比较两者释放的状态。6人的基础血浆NTLI和PP的水平平均分别为15.7±2.4和16.6±9 7pmol/L。进食后,血浆NTLI和PP水平均显著增高,并呈双相反应。第一个血浆NTLI高峰平均为60.7±13.2pmol/L,出现于餐后的20min。餐后90min,又出现另一个高峰,其平均水平为58.8±8.2pmol/L。在进食前肌注阿托品1mg,餐后的第一个血浆NTLI高峰消失,而第二个高峰仍存在。单纯咀嚼食物后,血浆PP水平明显增高,而对NTLI的释放无刺激作用。本文结果提示,餐后早期的神经降压素释放的调节是由非迷走胆碱能神经参与的,而后期的释放不受胆碱能神经的影响。     

青海禽棒恙螨属一新种：蜱螨亚纲：恙螨科

本文记述从朱雀Garpodacus erythrinus(Pallas)体上采到的禽棒恙螨属Ornithogastia Vercammen-Grandjean,1960,一新种,朱雀禽棒恙螨Ornithogastia erythinae sp.nov.标本采自青海省海南藏族自冶州贵南县。     

寄生于淡水鱼类的前宫亚科吸虫一新种记述：复殖目：独孤科

在广州近郊的黄鳝消化道中发现一种吸虫,与巨口前宫吸虫Proterometra macrostoma较为相似,但后者的口吸盘巨大,腹吸盘又很小,且靠近虫体后段,卵巢位于睾丸的前方,子宫圈直达咽部,并与肠支重叠。故定为一新种。     

寄生云杉树蜂的枝跗瘿蜂一新种(膜翅目:瘿蜂总科:枝跗瘿蜂科)

枝跗瘿蜂科(Ibahidae)是个小科,所有种类均寄生蛀干害虫树蜂科(Siricidae)的幼虫。我国大陆的本科种类由杨忠岐1991年首次作了报道。现记述采自祁连山林区的另1新种。该种寄生于为害青海云杉(Picea crassifolia Kom.)的黄肩长尾树蜂(Xeris spec-trum spectrum)等树蜂的幼虫。新种的模式标本保存于西北林学院天敌昆虫研究室。至此,我国大陆共有本科种类3种,加上台湾的1个种,我国共有4种:     

藏马鸡(Crossoptilon crossoptilon)的繁殖生态研究

藏马鸡是典型高山地牺雉类,见于海拔3,500—3,900米的针叶林带。自4月中至7月底为繁殖期。一“夫”配一“妻”。营巢于海拔3,544—3,790米的岩洞、灌丛中或倒木下。共发现4巢,3巢已被破坏,成功率25％。近年来,由于过渡砍伐森林,天敌的伤害,自身弱点(繁殖率低,成熟期长(3年左右)以及其他因素,藏马鸡的数量日趋减少,正面临绝种的厄运。必须及时地采取有效保护措施。     

蚕豆叶片发育与衰老过程中超氧物歧化酶活性与丙二醛含量变化

蚕豆植株叶片随茎节自上而下表现出明显的发育与衰老顺序,可作为衰老特征的是叶绿素和蛋白质含量明显下降。蚕豆叶中SOD活性主要定位于12 000× g离心后所得的上清液和叶绿体组分。衰老叶片的SOD总活性和叶绿体组分的相对活性都有所下降,SOD同工酶谱也发生了改变。O_2~ 产生速率随叶龄增大而稍上升;而MDA含量在叶片外观表现枯黄衰老征兆前就急剧上升。可能因为衰老叶片过氧化氢酶活性大幅度下降与SOD之间的不平衡,致使O_2~ 代谢中间产物累积而引起膜的损伤.     

猴头菇对小鼠抗疲劳作用的实验研究

分别以猴头菇干粉（猴头菇Ⅰ组）和猴头菇浸出液（猴头菇Ⅱ组）饲喂小鼠,观察猴头菇对小鼠血清乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）活力、血乳酸、血清尿素氮（ＢＵＮ）、肝糖原、肌糖原含量及运动耐力的影响。结果表明：实验６０ｄ后,猴头菇Ⅰ、Ⅱ组ＬＤＨ活力、肝糖原及肌糖原含量明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）;运动后血乳酸的水平和ＢＵＮ的增量明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）;运动后血乳酸消除速率显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）;在运动耐力测定时在水中淹死的时间比对照组长得多（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示：猴头菇具有明显的增强运动能力和解除疲劳的作用。