冬小麦种植模式对水分利用效率的影响

在同一种植密度下,设3种种植模式,包括25 cm等行距平作、"20+40"大小行平作和"20+40"沟播。研究了冬小麦沟播和平作种植对产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,"20+40"沟播产量显著高于平作;叶片相对含水量(RWC)、水势(Ψw)和叶片水平水分利用效率随生育进程的推进呈整体下降趋势,其中,沟播处理RWC、Ψw和叶片水平水分利用效率的平均值均显著高于等行距和"20+40"平作处理;另外,"20+40"沟播还能明显提高冬小麦田土壤贮水量,减少总耗水量,从而提高水分利用效率。灌水增加了冬小麦产量和叶片相对含水量等各水分指标,降低了水分利用效率,减小了各种植模式间差异。"20+40"沟播在灌水135 mm条件下既保障产量又较等行距节水25%。由此表明,冬小麦"20+40"沟播可改善叶片水分状况,提高水分利用效率,增加作物产量。     

Gastrodin Attenuates Cognitive Deficits Induced by 3,3′-Iminodipropionitrile

3,3′-Iminodipropionitrile (IDPN), one of the nitrile derivatives, can induce persistent neurotoxicity, and therefore cause dyskinesia and cognitive impairments. Gastrodin, a main bioactive ingredient of Gastrodia elata Blume, is shown to greatly improve cognitive function. The aim of this study was to further determine whether administration of gastrodin can ameliorate IDPN-induced cognitive deficits in the Morris water maze (MWM) and novel object recognition (NOR) task, and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Results showed that exposure to IDPN (100 mg/kg/day, for 8 days) significantly impaired spatial and object recognition memory and that repeated treatment with gastrodin (150 mg/kg/day, for 6 weeks) could effectively alleviate the IDPN-induced cognitive impairments as indicated by increased spatial memory and discrimination ratio in the MWM and NOR tests. Gastrodin treatment also reverted IDPN-induced decreases of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels and increases of a2 GABA_A receptor protein expression in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of IDPN-treated rats. These results suggest that gastrodin treatment may provide a novel pharmacological strategy for IDPN-induced cognitive deficits, which was mediated, at least in part, by normalizing the GABAergic system.

     

Association of C47T polymorphism in <Emphasis Type="Italic">SOD2</Emphasis> gene with coronary artery disease: a case–control study and a meta-analysis

Oxidative damage promotes atherosclerosis. SOD2 is an important antioxidant enzyme. A case–control study and a meta-analysis were performed to assess the association of C47T polymorphism in SOD2 gene with premature, late-onset and overall coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. A hospital-based case–control study was conducted with 269 premature CAD cases, 278 late-onset CAD cases and 299 healthy controls. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Pyrosequencing were used to detect the polymorphism. Multinomial logistic regression model was performed to estimate odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and adjust potential confounders. A meta-analysis was performed using eight outcomes including our result. Fixed or random effect pooled measure was selected on the basis of homogeneity test among studies. Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated using I ². Meta-regression was used to explore potential sources of between-study heterogeneity. Publication bias was estimated using Peters’s linear regression test. In our case–control study, compared with the TT as the reference, the mutant genotype of CC + TC was significantly associated with a reduced premature CAD risk both in univariate (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.41–0.87) and multivariate (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.40–0.87) logistic regressions, but not with late-onset CAD risk. After excluding one article that deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in controls, this meta-analysis showed a significant association of the C allele with reduced risk of CAD in dominant (FEM: OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.61–0.78), recessive (OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.50–0.82), and codominant (FEM: OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.65–0.80) models. Our study suggested that the mutant genotype of CC + TC was significantly associated with a reduced CAD risk.     

底墒和种植方式对夏大豆光合特性及产量的影响

选择华北地区冬小麦-夏大豆一年两熟制度,冬小麦设置90 mm、135 mm、180 mm3种灌水量。冬小麦收获后,播种夏大豆,夏大豆设置30 cm等行距、“20 40” cm大小行、“20 40” cm垄作3种种植方式。研究了底墒和种植方式对夏大豆光合特性及产量的影响。结果表明,冬小麦灌溉能够明显影响夏大豆播种时的土壤蓄水量（底墒）。随冬小麦灌水量的增加,夏大豆播种时底墒改善,180 mm和135 mm较90 mm处理明显提高了夏大豆净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、细胞间隙CO2浓度、叶绿素含量指数、Fo、Fv及ΦPSⅡ,增产效果显著。180 mm较135 mm处理增产效果不显著,且水分利用效率显著降低。夏大豆种植方式也能明显影响其净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、细胞间隙CO2浓度、叶绿素含量指数、Fo、Fm、ΦPSⅡ、Fv/Fm、产量及水分利用效率,具体表现为：“20 40” cm垄作> 30 cm等行距>“20 40” cm大小行。综合评价,冬小麦135 mm灌水量条件下,夏大豆采用“20 40” cm垄作是生产上可行的栽培模式。     

Genomic characterizations of H4 subtype avian influenza viruses from live poultry markets in Sichuan province of China, 2014–2015

正Dear Editor,Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have posed a serious threat to poultry production and public health. To date, more than fourteen AIV subtypes that are able to infect human beings have been documented. Also, it is suggested that new subtypes may be reported in the future, owing to the migration of wild birds and live poultry transportation (Gao, 2018).Poultry may act as a potential incubator for novel subtypes of avian influenza virus (Bi et al., 2016a; Bi et al., 2016b; Liu et al., 2014a; Su et al., 2017). Up to date, the H7N9 AIV emerged in February 2013 has caused 1,567 human cases,with a fatality rate of 39.2%(http://www.who.int/influenza/     

冬小麦-夏玉米两熟农田节水效应的可行性

2001-2003年在中国科学院禹城综合试验站研究了冬小麦一夏玉米两熟农Kt节水效应的可行性。结果表明,本地区降雨量主要集中在夏玉米生育时期,月蒸散量呈“M”型变化,双峰一般出现在冬小麦与夏玉米的抽穗开花时期,而且两年的蒸散积累趋势纵向比较均显示出其一致性的特点,这是研究耗水规律的基础环节。土壤水分从时间分布来看,在灌溉降雨的水分供应下,冬小麦期间土壤水分呈下降的趋势,而夏玉米期间土壤水分却有所升高。土壤水分从空间分布来看,土壤水分变化趋势较一致,呈“Z”型变化,0～60cm层次的土壤水分动态变化幅度较大。实验证明夏玉米产量与前季冬小麦产量有一定的互补作用,全年WUE与灌水量成负相关。冬小麦-夏玉米两熟农田实行冬小麦灌溉而夏玉米不灌的灌水措施可行。     

Association of A561C and G98T Polymorphisms in E-Selectin Gene with Coronary Artery Disease: A Meta-Analysis

Objective

E-selectin (SELE) mediates the rolling and adhesion of leukocytes on activated endothelial cells and plays a critial role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Associatons between the A561C and G98T polymorphisms of the SELE gene and CAD risk were investigated broadly, but the results were inconsistent. In the present study, we performed a meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the associations between the two polymorphisms and the risk of CAD.

Methods

Comprehensive research was conducted to identify relevant studies. The fixed or random effect model was selected based on the heterogeneity among studies, which was evaluated with Q-test and Ι². Meta-regression was used to explore the potential sources of between-study heterogeneity. Peters''s linear regression test was used to estimate the publication bias.

Results

Overall, 24 articles involving 3694 cases and 3469 controls were included. After excluding articles deviating from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in controls and sensitive analysis, our meta-analysis showed a significant association between the A561C ploymprphism and CAD in dominant (OR  = 1.84, 95% CI  = 1.56–2.16) and codominant (OR  = 1.74, 95% CI  = 1.49–2.03) models. As for the G98T polymorphism, significantly increased CAD risk was observed in dominant (OR  = 1.47, 95% CI  = 1.16–1.87) and codominant (OR  = 1.48, 95% CI  = 1.18–1.86) models, but after subgroup analysis, the association was not significant among Caucasians in dominant (OR  = 1.58, 95% CI  = 0.73–3.41) and codominant (OR  = 1.58, 95% CI  = 0.79–3.20) models.

Conclusions

Despite some limitations, our meta-analysis suggested that the SELE gene polymorphisms (A561C, G98T) were significantly associated with increased risk of CAD. However, after subgroup analysis no significant association was found among Caucasians for the G98T polymorphism, which may be due to the small sample size and other confounding factors. Future investigations with multicenter, large-scale, and multi-ethnic groups are needed.