Epstein-Barr virus transmission via the donor organs in solid organ transplantation: polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of IR2, IR3, and IR4.

Two organ transplant recipients who received organs from a common donor and were diagnosed as having an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder were studied to determine the mode of EBV transmission. The results of restriction fragment length polymorphism, polymerase chain reaction, and minisatellite DNA analyses demonstrate that both patients had a common strain of EBV and that this strain was transmitted from the donor's organs to both recipients. Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder resulted from the proliferation of EBV-immortalized B lymphocytes of the recipient, not those of the donor.     

Mobilization of a Sym plasmid from a fast-growing cowpea Rhizobium strain.

A large Sym plasmid from a fast-growing cowpea Rhizobium species was made mobilizable by cointegration with plasmid pSUP1011, which carries the oriT region of RP4. This mobilizable Sym plasmid was transferred to a number of Rhizobium strains, in which nodulation and nitrogen fixation functions for symbiosis with plants of the cowpea group were expressed.     

异叶三宝木的二萜成分及抗菌活性研究

为研究异叶三宝木(Trigonostemon heterophyllus)的二萜成分及其抗菌活性,采用硅胶柱层析、凝胶柱层析、高效液相色谱对萃取物进行分离纯化,结合现代波谱技术对所得化合物进行结构鉴定,并通过牛津杯法和2倍稀释法检测化合物对革兰氏阴性菌大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)以及革兰氏阳性菌肺炎双球菌(Pneumococcus)的生长抑制活性和MIC值。从异叶三宝木中分离得到了6个化合物,包括5个二萜类, 1个木脂素类,分别鉴定为trigonochinene E (1)、neoboutomannin (2)、6,9-O- dedimethyltrigonostemone (3)、stelltian B (4)、3,4-secosonderianol (5)、biondinin A (6)。化合物1、2、3、5对大肠杆菌有抑制作用,MIC值分别为9.375、18.75、18.75、18.75 μg/mL。化合物2、3、4、6为首次从该种植物中分离得到,化合物4为首次从该属植物中分离得到。除化合物4外,其他化合物都有一定的抗菌活性,且化合物1、2、3对大肠杆菌抑制作用强于阳性对照硫酸卡那霉素。     

城市绿地动物声景的时空特征及其驱动因素

动物群落是构成城市绿地生态系统的关键要素,声景作为野生动物重要的生态信息,掌握其时空变化及其影响因素,对于指导城市绿地景观设计与生物多样性保护具有重要意义。本文以Web of Science数据库的核心合集2005–2022年收录的67篇研究文献为对象,综合梳理与分析了城市绿地动物声景的时空模式及其驱动因素。城市绿地动物声景在空间上表现出环境空间梯度和植被空间结构的差异,动物声音多样性随海拔、纬度、城市化程度的降低以及植被类型和高度的增加呈现升高趋势。时间尺度呈现出昼夜、季节和年度变化差异,表现为鸟类在黎明和黄昏合唱、昆虫和两栖动物在夜间鸣叫以及季节性和年度性发声规律等。影响城市动物声景模式的因素主要包括植被、环境、人为干扰和动物自身驱动等。动物声景作为当前声景生态学研究的热点之一,面临大时空尺度演变规律研究不足、动物声景分析有限等挑战,建议未来着重开展多时空尺度变化规律研究、创新动物声景分析方法、定量解析影响因素及其响应机制、建立全球动物声景数据库等。     

Two distinct CCR5 domains can mediate coreceptor usage by human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

The chemokine receptor CCR5 is the major fusion coreceptor for macrophage-tropic strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). To define the structures of CCR5 that can support envelope (Env)-mediated membrane fusion, we analyzed the activity of homologs, chimeras, and mutants of human CCR5 in a sensitive gene reporter cell-cell fusion assay. Simian, but not murine, homologs of CCR5 were fully active as HIV-1 fusion coreceptors. Chimeras between CCR5 and divergent chemokine receptors demonstrated the existence of two distinct regions of CCR5 that could be utilized for Env-mediated fusion, the amino-terminal domain and the extracellular loops. Dual-tropic Env proteins were particularly sensitive to alterations in the CCR5 amino-terminal domain, suggesting that this domain may play a pivotal role in the evolution of coreceptor usage in vivo. We identified individual residues in both functional regions, Asp-11, Lys-197, and Asp-276, that contribute to coreceptor function. Deletion of a highly conserved cytoplasmic motif rendered CCR5 incapable of signaling but did not abrogate its ability to function as a coreceptor, implying the independence of fusion and G-protein-mediated chemokine receptor signaling. Finally, we developed a novel monoclonal antibody to CCR5 to assist in future studies of CCR5 expression.     

双碳源单细胞蛋白间歇培养及流加培养的动力学模型

应用非结构的逻辑增殖模型研究了两种酵母的单碳源和双碳源单细胞蛋白间歇培养的动力学,用改进的逻辑增殖模型研究了双碳源流加培养过程的动力学,从实验数据拟合了动力学模型参数,模型计算值与实验数据吻合良好。     

Cardiac telocytes exist in the adult Xenopus tropicalis heart

Recent research has revealed that cardiac telocytes (CTs) play an important role in cardiac physiopathology and the regeneration of injured myocardium. Recently, we reported that the adult Xenopus tropicalis heart can regenerate perfectly in a nearly scar‐free manner after injury via apical resection. However, whether telocytes exist in the X tropicalis heart and are affected in the regeneration of injured X tropicalis myocardium is still unknown. The present ultrastructural and immunofluorescent double staining results clearly showed that CTs exist in the X tropicalis myocardium. CTs in the X tropicalis myocardium were mainly twined around the surface of cardiomyocyte trabeculae and linked via nanocontacts between the ends of the telopodes, forming a three‐dimensional network. CTs might play a role in the regeneration of injured myocardium.     

拟南芥AtR8 lncRNA对盐胁迫响应及其对种子萌发的调节作用

长链非编码RNA (lncRNA)是一类长度大于200个核苷酸且不编码蛋白质的非编码RNA, 主要由RNA聚合酶II转录生成, 大量存在于生物体内并具有多种生物学功能。AtR8 lncRNA是拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)中RNA聚合酶III转录的长链非编码RNA。前期研究发现, 水杨酸(SA)处理诱导萌发种子中AtR8 lncRNA的表达, AtR8 lncRNA缺失抑制SA胁迫下的种子萌发。进一步研究发现, AtR8 lncRNA转录区域内存在保守的盐胁迫响应元件(TCTTCTTCTTTA); NaCl处理抑制萌发种子中AtR8 lncRNA的表达; 与野生型相比, 高浓度NaCl处理明显抑制了atr8 (AtR8 lncRNA部分缺失型拟南芥)种子萌发。研究结果表明, AtR8 lncRNA在拟南芥种子萌发期的盐胁迫中起重要作用。     

基于转录组测序的Cd胁迫下芹菜细胞自噬相关基因的筛选

细胞自噬是植物逆境应答过程中最常见的保护机制之一。动物中,自噬相关基因抵御镉(Cd)毒害的功能研究较清楚,但植物却知之甚少。文中以芹菜品种‘皇后’为试材,采用外源Cd(终浓度为0、2、4、8mg/L)添加营养液水培处理,利用转录组测序(RNA-seq)技术筛选细胞自噬相关差异基因并进行q RT-PCR验证。结果表明Cd胁迫对芹菜植株产生了明显的毒害作用,并与浓度间产生了量效关系。在筛选的8个差异表达的自噬相关基因中,ATG8a、ATG8f、ATG13、AMPK-1、AMPK-2基因随Cd浓度升高表达上调,ATG12、VPS30和VPS34则先上调后下降,说明自噬相关基因可能通过表达上调增加了自噬小体结构以抵御Cd毒性作用;而高浓度Cd(8mg/L)可能超出芹菜的耐受范围,导致多个自噬基因又出现表达下调趋势。以上结果有助于后期自噬相关基因的功能研究,为进一步探讨芹菜对Cd胁迫的耐性机制提供参考依据。     

一株海洋链霉菌MMHS020的抗菌活性代谢产物

【背景】海洋微生物因其生存环境的多样性与独特性,已成为天然产物研究的重要来源。【目的】以一株太平洋海泥来源链霉菌MMHS020为出发菌株,筛选可促进其产生丰富代谢产物的发酵条件,挖掘菌株在抗菌抗肿瘤方面的潜力。【方法】采用单菌株多次级代谢产物策略对MMHS020菌株进行培养诱导,使其产生更丰富的活性代谢产物。双层平板法测定发酵产物对6种指示菌的抑菌活性。以硅胶柱层析、葡聚糖凝胶层析和制备层析等方法对代谢产物进行分离纯化,再通过质谱技术和~1H-NMR和~(13)C-NMR对化合物进行结构解析。【结果】链霉菌属MMHS020菌株可在较高浓度盐离子环境中产生丰富的抑菌活性代谢产物,显示出对枯草芽孢杆菌、结核分枝杆菌和藤黄微球菌等多种指示菌的抑制活性。从发酵产物中分离鉴定了3个化合物,分别是诺卡胺素(1)、麦角甾醇(2)和星形孢菌素(3)。其中星形孢菌素表现出白色念珠菌的抑制活性,而诺卡胺素则对其他几个指示菌表现出较强的抑制活性。【结论】海洋链霉菌MMHS020菌株可代谢产生丰富多样的生物活性物质,具有开发成为新型抑菌生物制剂的潜力。