胱氨酸/半胱氨酸调控活性氧代谢影响大肠杆菌耐药性

【背景】随着越来越多超级细菌出现和抗生素资源的渐渐枯竭,细菌耐药机制研究愈加重要。【目的】探讨大肠杆菌内源半胱氨酸推动Fenton反应,调控胞内的活性氧水平,从而影响细菌耐药性这一代谢途径。【方法】在贫硫的培养条件下,通过控制外源胱氨酸和抗生素浓度,研究了胱氨酸/半胱氨酸对大肠杆菌耐药性的影响。【结果】较低水平的半胱氨酸使大肠杆菌对抗生素的耐药性增强,RNA-Seq的结果证明了胱氨酸内流对Fur、CysB和SOS的调控作用。LC-MS对外流硫醇的分析显示,细胞会快速将过量内流的半胱氨酸泵出胞外。在抗生素一定浓度范围内,半胱氨酸外排泵AlaE表现出良好的细胞保护作用。【结论】大肠杆菌对不同作用机理抗生素硫酸庆大霉素、氨苄青霉素和诺氟沙星的耐药性均受内源半胱氨酸水平的影响。本文通过研究半胱氨酸调控活性氧代谢对大肠杆菌耐药性的影响,为探讨细菌耐药性机制提供新的理论依据。     

Boundary-Free Metal–Organic Framework Glasses Enable Highly Stable All-Solid-State Lithium–Oxygen Battery

Rechargeable lithium–oxygen batteries (LOBs) are considered to be one of the most promising energy storage systems. However, the use of reactive lithium (Li) metal and the formation of Li dendrites during battery operation would lead to serious safety concerns, especially when flammable liquid electrolytes are utilized. Herein, superior metal–organic framework (MOF) glass-based solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) is developed for stable all-solid-state LOBs (SSLOBs). These non-flammable and boundary-free MOF glass SSEs are capable of suppressing the dendrite growth and exhibiting long-term Li stripping/plating stability, contributing to superior Li⁺ conductivity (5 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹ at 20 °C), high Li⁺ transference number (0.86), and good electrochemical stability. It is discovered that discharge product deposition behavior in the solid-solid interface can be well regulated by the ion/electron mixed conducted cathode fabricated with MOF glass SSEs and electronic conductive polymers. As a result, the SSLOBs can be stably recharged for 400 cycles with a low polarization gap and deliver a high capacity of 13552 mAh g⁻¹. The development of this proposed MOF glass displays great application potential in energy storage systems with good safety and high energy density.     

河北省不老青山林区鳞翅目多样性初探

不老青山是位于河北省南部太行山东麓的森林景观,至今没有鳞翅目多样性方面的专门考察报道。本研究于2015年和2016年的5-9月,从该区选取多个样地,采用网捕以及灯光诱集的方法,共获得鳞翅目标本7438头,隶属26科306属419种,其中蛾类21科268属370种,蝶类5科38属49种。在物种数以及个体数量构成上,蛾类的夜蛾科、尺蛾科、螟蛾科以及蝶类的蛱蝶科为优势种群,占总种数的52.19%,其他类群共计占47.81%;对其物种丰富度(S)、多样性指数(H)、均匀度指数(J)、和优势度指数(D)分析结果表明,蛾类的各项指数在7月、8月份达到较高水平,多样性指数达到11.9894,表明该森林景观的蛾类种群组成结构趋于合理;而蝶类在各个水平上的指数均较低,表明该森林景观的生境条件对蝶类多样性均产生了明显影响。     

高致病性2型猪链球菌plcR基因敲除株的构建及其相关生物学特性的研究

【目的】构建高致病性2型猪链球菌05ZYH33菌株plcR基因敲除株,通过比较突变株与野生株生物学特性的差异,研究plcR基因在2型猪链球菌致病过程中的作用。【方法】利用同源重组技术敲除plcR基因,多重交叉PCR及RT-PCR鉴定并测序验证。比较野生株与突变株基本生物学特性的差异,小鼠攻毒实验分析plcR基因缺失对细菌毒力的影响。【结果】经RT-PCR证实05SSU0241与05SSU0242共转录,通过多重交叉PCR及RT-PCR证实成功构建plcR基因缺失突变株,基本生物学特性显示突变株的生长速率、菌落形态、溶血活性均无显著改变,小鼠致病性试验结果显示,野生株攻毒的小鼠死亡率为70%,突变株攻毒的小鼠死亡率为40%,毒力较野生株显著降低。【结论】plcR基因作为2型猪链球菌有毒株基因组中特有的外源基因,在细菌致病过程中具有重要作用。     

菌根真菌对土壤呼吸以及凋落物分解的影响

土壤呼吸是植物固定的碳由陆地生态系统进入大气的主要途径之一; 凋落物分解是养分循环的重要环节。陆地植物的90%以上可同菌根真菌形成共生关系, 菌根真菌对于植物获取环境中的养分具有重要的作用。然而, 其对土壤呼吸和凋落物分解的影响却经常在生态系统对环境变化的响应研究中被忽视。本文系统地综述了国内外相关研究进展, 对菌根真菌如何影响土壤呼吸和凋落物分解这两个过程及这种影响如何受到环境变化的制约做了全面的分析, 并对以往研究中存在的问题以及未来的研究方向提出了展望。     

Physiological and molecular advances in magnesium nutrition of plants

Plant and Soil - Phytoremediation of soil contaminated by trace elements is a technology using plants and microorganisms to sequester, inactivate, or extract contaminants from the soil. The...     

应用体内诱导抗原技术筛选结核分枝杆菌体内表达基因

为寻找新型抗结核药物靶标 ,采用体内诱导抗原技术筛选结核分枝杆菌的体内诱导基因。首先构建了结核分枝杆菌基因组质粒表达文库 ,库容量为 1 0 2× 1 0 5CFU。再用经过结核分枝杆菌和大肠杆菌的裂解产物吸附过的结核病人血清 ,通过原位免疫印迹来筛选基因组表达文库 ,共获得 1 6个阳性克隆。对阳性克隆进行测序和生物信息学分析 ,发现该 1 6个阳性克隆可能包含 2 2个开放阅读框 (ORF)。按照功能将其分为 7类基因 :脂类代谢 2个、信号途径 5个、PE/PPE蛋白家族 2个、中间产物与能量代谢 6个、细胞壁与细胞处理 1个、假想蛋白 4个和与牛型分枝杆菌定向进化同源的 2个 ,其中部分基因可能与毒力相关 ,可以作为候选药物靶标     

Characterisation of the complete mitochondrial genome of Helice wuana (Grapsoidea: Varunidae) and comparison with other Brachyuran crabs

The mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) provides important information for phylogenetic analysis and understanding evolutionary origins. Herein, we sequenced, annotated, and characterised the mitogenome of the crab Helice wuana to better understand its molecular evolution and phylogeny. The 16,359 bp mitogenome includes 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes and one control region. The genome composition is highly A + T biased 68.42%, and exhibits a negative AT–skew (? 0.036) and GC–skew (? 0.269) among Brachyura crabs. Gene rearrangements were detected, as was tandem duplication followed by random loss, which explains the translocation of mitochondrial genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that H. wuana and H. tientsinensis clustered on one branch with high nodal support values. These results confirm that the placement of H. wuana within the Varunidae family of Thoracotrematan crabs. This study will provided a better understanding for gene rearrangements and crab evolution in the further.     

中国缩颜蚜蝇族种类记述及地理分布(双翅目:食蚜蝇科)

本文记述了我国双翅目食蚜蝇科缩颜蚜蝇族6属23种,其中有5新种2新纪录属13新纪录种,列出了属、种检索表,并对新种进行了形态描述,同时,对此族的地理分布、区系及起源进行了初步探讨。     

Species specificity in photoperiodic control of nymphal development in four species of cricket from north-west China

Photoperiodic regulation of nymphal development was examined in four species of cricket collected in the Xinjiang‐Uygur Autonomy Region, China (approximately 43°N, 81–89°E). Fifty percent of individuals of Modicogryllus frontalis reared at 28°C reached adulthood in approximately 80 days in conditions of 11 h light : 13 h dark (LD 11:13) to 14:10, and in approximately 95 days under LD 15:9 to 16:8. Melanogryllus desertus started adult emergence earliest under LD 16:8 at 28°C, but some individuals required much longer to mature, and thus two peaks of adult emergence occurred at approximately 60 and 160 days after hatching. More individuals hatched during the late peak in LD 18:6 than in LD 16:8. The mean nymphal period was approximately 100 days in LD 11:13 to 14:10. Both species showed short‐day type photoperiodic responses, but Mo. frontalis developed faster than did Me. desertus. The latter occupied a wider range of habitat conditions and was more variable in life cycle than the former. Modicogryllus burdigalensis started adult emergence earliest in LD 16:8 at 28°C in the six photoperiods tested, most adults emerging within 60 days. The mean nymphal period was 80 days in LD 15:9, 135 days in LD 14:10 and 80–100 days in LD 11:13 to 13:11, showing an intermediate type of photoperiodic response. Acheta domesticus was a long‐day type species, and the proportion of delayed individuals increased with decreasing photoperiod. In the dry climate of Xinjiang‐Uygur, nymphal overwintering seems to be successful in all of the four different patterns of nymphal development.