基于叶绿素荧光参数的籼型杂交稻杂种优势分析

以籼型杂交稻6个不育系和5个恢复系按不完全双列杂交交配设计的30个杂交稻组合及其亲本品种/系为材料, 对其剑叶的叶绿素荧光参数进行了测定和分析。结果表明： （1）杂交稻亲本和组合间的叶绿素荧光参数均存在极显著的差异, 其中, NPQ和ΦNPQ的变异系数为最大; Fv/Fm的变异系数为最小。（2）不同杂交稻组合ΦNPQ、NPQ和qL的平均值和变异系数均大于其亲本的平均值和变异系数, 表明杂交稻组合光能利用率的杂种优势极其明显, 这将有利于高光能利用率杂交稻组合的配组。（3）杂交稻的Fm、Fv/Fm、ΦNPQ、NPQ和qL具有中亲优势; 其ΦNO具有负向超亲优势; 其ΦPSII、ΦNPQ、NPQ和qL具有正向竞争优势。（4）杂交稻组合的ΦPSII、ΦNPQ和NPQ与其母本值呈显著或极显著水平的正相关关系; 杂交稻组合的ΦPSII、ΦNPQ与其中亲值呈显著或极显著水平的正相关关系。     

中国缩颜蚜蝇族种类记述及地理分布(双翅目:食蚜蝇科)

本文记述了我国双翅目食蚜蝇科缩颜蚜蝇族6属23种,其中有5新种2新纪录属13新纪录种,列出了属、种检索表,并对新种进行了形态描述,同时,对此族的地理分布、区系及起源进行了初步探讨。     

蚜虫新型预警网络的构建及其绿色防控技术研究

在公益性行业（农业）科研专项的支持下,项目组在我国大豆和小麦主产区进行了蚜虫监测预警及绿色防控技术的研究。构建了基于吸虫塔的蚜虫监测预警网络系统,在蚜虫基础生物学研究、天敌资源普查及其控蚜作用研究的基础上,研发了多项以生物防治为主体的蚜虫绿色防控技术,包括天敌人工助迁、人工饲养天敌释放、作物邻间作措施、物理防控、隐蔽性施药等。相关技术措施在我国的东北、华北等大豆蚜、麦蚜为害严重的大豆产区和小麦主产区共建立了4个规模较大的试验示范区,取得了较好的综合效益。     

南澎列岛海洋生态国家级自然保护区蟹类（十足目：短尾下目）多样性及群落结构

南澎列岛海洋生态国家级自然保护区是粤东地区唯一的国家级海洋生态保护区,拥有丰富的物种资源。目前对该保护区的蟹类(短尾下目)资源现状仍然缺乏了解。本研究于2023年6月和2024年6月对该区域的蟹类开展全面调查,分析了珊瑚礁区和非珊瑚礁区中蟹类的群落结构差异,并结合历史分布记录种整理、订正和更新了该地区的蟹类物种名录。野外调查共记录到蟹类12科22属36种,蟹类物种数在珊瑚礁区(27种)高于非珊瑚礁区(23种)。通过统计外推法,估算出珊瑚礁区的物种数量可能高达83种,这一结果显著高于非珊瑚礁区的估算值26种。两种生境的蟹类群落结构相似度低,主要源于物种组成不同以及存在大量的生境特异性物种,如珊瑚礁区的优势种为锐齿蟳(Charybdis acuta),而非珊瑚礁区的优势种为红星梭子蟹(Portunus sanguinolentus);尖头蟹科(Inachidae)、盾牌蟹科(Percnidae)和拟梯形蟹科(Tetraliidae)仅见于珊瑚礁区,而宽背蟹科(Euryplacidae)物种仅发现于非珊瑚礁区。结合野外调查结果和历史分布记录,本研究将该地区蟹类名录更新至26科66属99种,新增15种蟹类新记录种,丰富了该地区的蟹类物种名录。本研究不仅突显了综合调查不同生境中蟹类动物的重要性,也为南澎列岛海洋生态国家级自然保护区蟹类资源的科学管理和保护提供了重要的数据支撑。     

Boundary-Free Metal–Organic Framework Glasses Enable Highly Stable All-Solid-State Lithium–Oxygen Battery

Rechargeable lithium–oxygen batteries (LOBs) are considered to be one of the most promising energy storage systems. However, the use of reactive lithium (Li) metal and the formation of Li dendrites during battery operation would lead to serious safety concerns, especially when flammable liquid electrolytes are utilized. Herein, superior metal–organic framework (MOF) glass-based solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) is developed for stable all-solid-state LOBs (SSLOBs). These non-flammable and boundary-free MOF glass SSEs are capable of suppressing the dendrite growth and exhibiting long-term Li stripping/plating stability, contributing to superior Li⁺ conductivity (5 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹ at 20 °C), high Li⁺ transference number (0.86), and good electrochemical stability. It is discovered that discharge product deposition behavior in the solid-solid interface can be well regulated by the ion/electron mixed conducted cathode fabricated with MOF glass SSEs and electronic conductive polymers. As a result, the SSLOBs can be stably recharged for 400 cycles with a low polarization gap and deliver a high capacity of 13552 mAh g⁻¹. The development of this proposed MOF glass displays great application potential in energy storage systems with good safety and high energy density.     

Species specificity in photoperiodic control of nymphal development in four species of cricket from north-west China

Photoperiodic regulation of nymphal development was examined in four species of cricket collected in the Xinjiang‐Uygur Autonomy Region, China (approximately 43°N, 81–89°E). Fifty percent of individuals of Modicogryllus frontalis reared at 28°C reached adulthood in approximately 80 days in conditions of 11 h light : 13 h dark (LD 11:13) to 14:10, and in approximately 95 days under LD 15:9 to 16:8. Melanogryllus desertus started adult emergence earliest under LD 16:8 at 28°C, but some individuals required much longer to mature, and thus two peaks of adult emergence occurred at approximately 60 and 160 days after hatching. More individuals hatched during the late peak in LD 18:6 than in LD 16:8. The mean nymphal period was approximately 100 days in LD 11:13 to 14:10. Both species showed short‐day type photoperiodic responses, but Mo. frontalis developed faster than did Me. desertus. The latter occupied a wider range of habitat conditions and was more variable in life cycle than the former. Modicogryllus burdigalensis started adult emergence earliest in LD 16:8 at 28°C in the six photoperiods tested, most adults emerging within 60 days. The mean nymphal period was 80 days in LD 15:9, 135 days in LD 14:10 and 80–100 days in LD 11:13 to 13:11, showing an intermediate type of photoperiodic response. Acheta domesticus was a long‐day type species, and the proportion of delayed individuals increased with decreasing photoperiod. In the dry climate of Xinjiang‐Uygur, nymphal overwintering seems to be successful in all of the four different patterns of nymphal development.     

Physiological and molecular advances in magnesium nutrition of plants

Plant and Soil - Phytoremediation of soil contaminated by trace elements is a technology using plants and microorganisms to sequester, inactivate, or extract contaminants from the soil. The...     

河北省不老青山林区鳞翅目多样性初探

不老青山是位于河北省南部太行山东麓的森林景观,至今没有鳞翅目多样性方面的专门考察报道。本研究于2015年和2016年的5-9月,从该区选取多个样地,采用网捕以及灯光诱集的方法,共获得鳞翅目标本7438头,隶属26科306属419种,其中蛾类21科268属370种,蝶类5科38属49种。在物种数以及个体数量构成上,蛾类的夜蛾科、尺蛾科、螟蛾科以及蝶类的蛱蝶科为优势种群,占总种数的52.19%,其他类群共计占47.81%;对其物种丰富度(S)、多样性指数(H)、均匀度指数(J)、和优势度指数(D)分析结果表明,蛾类的各项指数在7月、8月份达到较高水平,多样性指数达到11.9894,表明该森林景观的蛾类种群组成结构趋于合理;而蝶类在各个水平上的指数均较低,表明该森林景观的生境条件对蝶类多样性均产生了明显影响。