温度对粘虫产生和释放性信息素规律的影响

在21℃饲养的粘虫雌蛾腺体提取物中Zll－16：Aid含量峰值时间是羽化后第8～9天;25℃是羽化后第4～5天,27℃是羽化后第3～4天。低温不仅推迟了粘虫雌蛾求偶和释放性信息素的时间,而且降低了腺体中性信息素的滴度。在27℃,粘虫雌蛾腺体中Zll－16：Ald峰值的平均值达15ng;在25℃时为10ng,而在21℃时,只有5ng。由此可见,低温环境明显抑制粘虫雌蛾的性发育,延缓了性成熟。     

海南霸王岭五唇兰两种生态型生态位特征

东亚特有种五唇兰自然状态下存在叶背红色和绿色两种生态型。对海南岛霸王岭地区的五唇兰群落中草本层生态位特征进行测定和分析,探讨两种生态型五唇兰在群落中的地位和作用以及彼此间的竞争关系。结果表明: 狭穗草、叶背红色型五唇兰和毛俭草在该层占据较大的重要值。叶背红色型五唇兰较叶背绿色型具有更广的生态位宽度; 拟金草和叶背红色型五唇兰以相似的生态位宽度值居该层物种生态位宽度的首位。两种生态型五唇兰均与该层其他大部分物种具有较大生态位重叠值,两者间的生态位重叠亦很大。这说明五唇兰对其生境有很好的适应性,两种生态型间可能存在较大的竞争。     

Town Mouse or Country Mouse: Identifying a Town Dislocation Effect in Chinese Urbanization

Understanding urbanization and evaluating its impact are vital for formulating global sustainable development. The results obtained from evaluating the impact of urbanization, however, depend on the kind of measurement used. With the goal of increasing our understanding of the impact of urbanization, we developed direct and indirect subjective indicators to measure how people assess their living situation. The survey revealed that the projected endorsements and perceived social ambiance of people toward living in different types of settlements did not improve along with the urbanization level in China. The assessment scores from the city dwellers were not significantly different from those from the country areas and, more surprisingly, both were significantly higher than the assessment scores of the town dwellers, which we had expected to fall between the assessment scores of the country and city dwellers. Instead their scores were the lowest. We dubbed this V-shaped relationship the “town dislocation effect.” When searching for a potential explanation for this effect, we found additional town dislocation effects in social support, loss aversion, and receptivity toward genetically modified food. Further analysis showed that only social support mediated the relationship between the three tiers of settlements (cities, country areas, and towns) and the subjective indicator. The projected endorsements yielded significant subjective assessments that could enhance our understanding of Chinese urbanization. Towns posed specific problems that require special attention.     

海南蕨类植物自然分布及区系组成

海南岛现有蕨类植物种数约400种,分布基本上呈现西南部丰富,东北部贫乏的趋势,临高-琼中-万宁一线是其物种多寡的分界线,土壤、地形、地质多方面的共同作用形成这条分界线。海南岛蕨类区系组成复杂,且外来植物成分占据多数,马来西亚、印度、中南半岛和东亚植物区系成分在海南岛蕨类区系中占有较大比重。海南岛是现代蕨类发育的一个中心,多样的环境条件促成了蕨类植物的演化。     

Characteristics of the bioreactor landfill system using an anaerobic-aerobic process for nitrogen removal

A sequential upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and air-lift loop sludge blanket (ALSB) treatment was introduced into leachate recirculation to remove organic matter and ammonia from leachate in a lab-scale bioreactor landfill. The results showed that the sequential anaerobic-aerobic process might remove above 90% of COD and near to 100% of NH4+ -N from leachate under the optimum organic loading rate (OLR). The total COD removal efficiency was over 98% as the OLR increased to 6.8-7.7 g/l d, but the effluent COD concentration increased to 2.9-4.8 g/l in the UASB reactor, which inhibited the activity of nitrifying bacteria in the subsequent ALSB reactor. The NO3- -N concentration in recycled leachate reached 270 mg/l after treatment by the sequential anaerobic-aerobic process, but the landfill reactor could efficiently denitrify the nitrate. After 56 days operation, the leachate TN and NH4+ -N concentrations decreased to less than 200 mg/l in the bioreactor landfill system. The COD concentration was about 200 mg/l with less than 8 mg/l BOD in recycled leachate at the late stage. In addition, it was found that nitrate in recycled leachate had a negative effect on waste decomposition.     

Differential proteomic analysis of platelets suggested possible signal cascades network in platelets treated with salvianolic acid B

Background

Salvianolic acid B (SB) is an active component isolated from Danshen, a traditional Chinese medicine widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. Previous study suggested that SB might inhibit adhesion as well as aggregation of platelets by a mechanism involving the integrin α2β1. But, the signal cascades in platelets after SB binding are still not clear.

Methodology/Principal Findings

In the present study, a differential proteomic analysis (two-dimensional electrophoresis) was conducted to check the protein expression profiles of rat platelets with or without treatment of SB. Proteins altered in level after SB exposure were identified by MALDI-TOF MS/MS. Treatment of SB caused regulation of 20 proteins such as heat shock-related 70 kDa protein 2 (hsp70), LIM domain protein CLP-36, copine I, peroxiredoxin-2, coronin-1 B and cytoplasmic dynein intermediate chain 2C. The regulation of SB on protein levels was confirmed by Western blotting. The signal cascades network induced by SB after its binding with integrin α2β1 was predicted. To certify the predicted network, binding affinity of SB to integrin α2β1 was checked in vitro and ex vivo in platelets. Furthermore, the effects of SB on protein levels of hsp70, coronin-1B and intracellular levels of Ca(2+) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were checked with or without pre-treatment of platelets using antibody against integrin α2β1. Electron microscopy study confirmed that SB affected cytoskeleton structure of platelets.

Conclusions/Significance

Integrin α2β1 might be one of the direct target proteins of SB in platelets. The signal cascades network of SB after binding with integrin α2β1 might include regulation of intracellular Ca(2+) level, cytoskeleton-related proteins such as coronin-1B and cytoskeleton structure of platelets.     

AcMNPV肌动蛋白核定位基因的亚细胞定位

当前细胞核内肌动蛋白的功能是一个研究热点,核内存在肌动蛋白并参与细胞核内发生的许多生命活动。杆状病毒是迄今唯一报道的利用核内肌动蛋白进行复制增殖的病原微生物,为核内肌动蛋白的结构与功能的研究提供了独特的系统。有报道显示AcMNPV的ie-1,pe38,ac4,he65,ac102和ac152基因与肌动蛋白单体的核转运有关,然而关于这六个基因的亚细胞定位及其在肌动蛋白入核过程中的功能并没有深入的研究。本文首次揭示了这六个基因的亚细胞定位,IE1和AC152是全细胞分布,PE38和AC102也为核质分布,但主要分布在细胞核中,而AC4和HE65定位于细胞质。但AC102和IE1可以分别介导AC4和HE65入核。同时我们发现当使用外源强启动子OpIE2,在转染ie-1或pe38之后表达ac4和he65可以部分招募肌动蛋白单体入核,而时序性共转染这四个基因则可招募最多肌动蛋白单体入核。对肌动蛋白核定位基因在细胞中的定位分析为进一步了解杆状病毒介导肌动蛋白入核的分子机理提供支持。     

Parallel increase in p70 kinase activation and tau phosphorylation (S262) with Abeta overproduction

This study set out to search for a link between overproduction of Abeta and p70S6 kinase (p70S6K) phosphorylation/activation. Results showed that levels of p-p70S6K at T421/S424 and T389 are significantly increased in mouse N2a neuroblastoma cells carrying human APP with Swedish mutation (APPswe), and in transgenic APPswe/PS1 (A246E) mice as compared with respective controls, corresponding to the increase of tau phosphorylation at S262. This parallel increase in p70S6K activation and tau phosphorylation could be demonstrated by treating wild-type N2a cells with Abeta25-35. Our results suggest that the Abeta deposition in senile plaques in Alzheimer disease brains might be a primary event that activates p70S6K and phosphorylates tau at S262, resulting in microtubule disruption.     

昆虫图像自动鉴别技术

昆虫是地球上物种多样性最为丰富的生物类群,其物种鉴定任务复杂而艰巨,可靠的物种鉴定是开展昆虫学工作的重要基础之一。当前,国内外的人工昆虫物种鉴定能力均不能满足实际需求,因而人们开始不断探索利用计算机自动鉴定昆虫的原理和方法。目前,模式识别技术的迅猛发展已为昆虫图像的自动鉴定提供可能。文章概述昆虫图像自动鉴定技术研究的历史与现状,总结主要原理和方法,介绍工作流程,并展望发展前景。