Development of Oryza rufipogon and O. sativa Introgression Lines and Assessment for Yield-related Quantitative Trait Loci

Introgression lines population was effectively used in mapping quantitative trait loci （QTLs）, identifying favorable genes, discovering hidden genetic variation, evaluating the action or interaction of QTLs in multiple conditions and providing the favorable experimental materials for plant breeding and genetic research. In this study, an advanced backcross and consecutive selfing strategy was used to develop introgression lines （ILs）, which derived from an accession of Oryza rufipogon Griff. collected from Yuanjiang County, Yunnan Province of China, as the donor, and an elite indica cultivar Teqing （O. sativa L.）, as the recipient. Introgression segments from O. rufipogon were screened using 179 polymorphic simple sequence repeats （SSR） markers in the genome of each IL. Introgressed segments carried by the introgression lines population contained 120 ILs covering the whole O. rufipogon genome. The mean number of homozygous O. rufipogon segments per introgression line was about 3.88. The average length of introgressed segments was approximate 25.5 cM, and about 20.8% of these segments had sizes less than 10 cM. The genome of each IL harbored the chromosomal fragments of O. rufipogon ranging from 0.54% to 23.7%, with an overall average of 5.79%. At each locus, the ratio of substitution of O. rufipogon alleles had a range of 1.67-9.33, with an average of 5.50. A wide range of alterations in morphological and yield-related traits were also found in the introgression lines population. Using single-point analysis, a total of 37 putative QTLs for yield and yield components were detected at two sites with 7%-20% explaining the phenotypic variance. Nineteen QTLs （51.4%） were detected at both sites, and the alleles from O. rufipogon at fifteen loci （40.5%） improved the yield and yield components in the Teqing background. These O. rufipogon-O, sativa introgression lines will serve as genetic materials for identifying and using favorable genes from common wild rice.     

Mechanical and hydrodynamic effects of stent expansion in tapered coronary vessels

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has become the primary treatment for patients with coronary heart disease because of its minimally invasive nature and high efficiency. Anatomical studies have shown that most coronary vessels gradually shrink, and the vessels gradually become thinner from the proximal to the distal end. In this paper, the effects of different stent expansion methods on the mechanical and hemodynamic behaviors of coronary vessels and stents were studied. To perform a structural-mechanical analysis of stent implantation, the coronary vessels with branching vessels and the coronary vessels with large bending curvature are selected. The two characteristic structures are implanted in equal diameter expansion mode and conical expansion mode, and the stress and mechanical behaviors of the coronary vessels and stents are analyzed. The results of the structural-mechanical analysis showed that the mechanical behaviors and fatigue performance of the cobalt-chromium alloy stent were good, and the different expansion modes of the stent had little effect on the fatigue performance of the stent. However, the equal diameter expansion mode increased distal coronary artery stress and the risk of vascular injury. The computational fluid dynamics analysis results showed that different stent expansion methods had varied effects on coronary vessel hemodynamics and that the wall shear stress distribution of conical stent expansion is more uniform compared with equal diameter expansion. Additionally, the vortex phenomenon is not apparent, the blood flow velocity is slightly increased, the hydrodynamic environment is more reasonable, and the risk of coronary artery injury is reduced.

     

中国花楸属植物的分布及研究现状

花楸属(Sorbus L.)植物冠形多态、花色秀美、果实缤纷、四季叶色各异，具有很高的园艺观赏价值，但因属下种间杂交、多倍化和无融合生殖的存在，所以花楸属也是分类学上比较困难的一个类群。该研究通过细致整理和分析国家标本资源库和全球数字化植物标本数据库中花楸属植物标本信息，了解中国花楸属物种采集位置和野生种质资源的分布中心，构建中国花楸属植物标本数据库，为全国第一次林草种质资源的普查与收集提供参考；在明晰花楸属植物资源分布位置和生境的基础上，发现中国花楸属植物资源居世界之首且花楸属物种多分布在高海拔区域，尤其是在中国西南部的山区，分布有一半以上的中国花楸属物种，在该区域花楸属物种多种倍性并存、杂交频繁发生。然而，这是否为该属植物物种多样性丰富的关键因素，把高海拔分布的花楸属物种引种到低海拔区域能否适应以及如何适应低海拔的夏季高温尚不清楚。基于此，作者就自己的专业领域进一步检索了花楸属植物在形态分类与系统发育、适应性进化和保护遗传学、植物资源利用等方面的研究现状，梳理出花楸属植物目前研究尚未解决的问题，并进一步指出未来研究需重点关注的方向。建议未来的研究重点关注以下问题：(1)在坚实的系统...     

葡萄病毒B的RT-PCR检测技术研究

旨在建立适合葡萄的葡萄病毒B的RT-PCR检测技术。从感染葡萄病毒B的葡萄皮层中提取总RNA,以其为模板合成cDNA第一链,并利用两对引物分别进行PCR扩增;回收PCR特异扩增产物,与pUCm-T载体连接,并进行转化、重组克隆的筛选、重组质粒的酶切鉴定和序列测定。结果显示,两对引物均能获得与预期片段大小一致长约460 bp和470 bp的扩增产物扩增片段序列与已报道GVB序列(序列号:X75448)的核苷酸同源性均为81%,经反复多次试验证实,利用总RNA为模板合成cDNA并进行PCR扩增检测GVB是准确、可靠的。     

Characterization and expression of glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Pichia pastoris

Glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN-6-P) synthase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was expressed in Pichia pastoris SMD1168 GIVING maximum activity of 96 U ml^?1 for the enzyme in the culture medium. By SDS-PAGE, the enzyme, a glycosylated protein, had an apparent molecular mass of 90 kDa. The enzyme was purified by gel exclusion chromatography to near homogeneity, with a 90 % yield and its properties were characterized. Optimal activities were at pH 5.5 and 55 °C, respectively, at which the highest specific activity was 6.8 U mg protein ^?1. The enzyme was stable from pH 4.5 to 5.5 and from 45 to 60 °C. The K_m and V_max of the GlcN-6-P synthase towards d-fructose 6-phosphate were 2.8 mM and 6.9 μmol min^?1 mg^?1, respectively.     

QTL mapping of root traits in a doubled haploid population from a cross between upland and lowland japonica rice in three environments

To genetically dissect drought resistance associated with japonica upland rice, we evaluated a doubled haploid (DH) population from a cross between two japonica cultivars for seven root traits under three different growing conditions (upland, lowland and upland in PVC pipe). The traits included basal root thickness (BRT), total root number (RN), maximum root length (MRL), root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW), ratio of root fresh weight to shoot fresh weight (RFW/SFW) and ratio of root dry weight to shoot dry weight (RDW/SDW). The BRT was significantly correlated with the index of drought resistance, which was defined as the ratio of yield under the stress of the upland condition to that under the normal lowland condition. A complete genetic linkage map with 165 molecular markers covering 1,535 cM was constructed. Seven additive quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and 15 pairs of epistatic loci for BRT and RN were identified under upland and lowland conditions, and 12 additive QTLs and 17 pairs of epistatic QTLs for BRT, RN, MRL, RFW, RFW/SFW and RDW/SDW were identified under the PVC pipe condition. Four additive QTLs and one pair of epistatic QTLs controlling IDR were also found. These QTLs individually explained up to 25.6% of the phenotypic variance. QTL × environment (Q × E) interactions were detected for all root traits, and the contributions of these interactions ranged from 1.1% to 19.9%. Five co-localized QTLs controlling RFW and RDW, RFW/SFW, RDW/SDW and IDR, BRT and RN, RN, MRL and IDR were found. Four types of QTLs governing BRT and RN were classified by their detection in the upland and lowland conditions. Some common QTLs for root traits across different backgrounds were also revealed. These co-localized QTLs and common QTLs will facilitate marker-assisted selection for root traits in rice breeding programs.